状语从句精讲模版课件

状语从句〔adverbialclause).状语的定义和构成形式用作状语的从句叫作状语从句状语从句.由附属连词引导，修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词等，可方句首或句末。方句首时，从句后面用逗号；方句末时，不用逗号。1状语从句的分类根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句,比较状语从句。2时间状语从句的引导词：after,before,when,while,as,whenever,since,until,till,assoonas,once,hardly…when,nosooner…than等主句是将来时，时间状语从句和条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作，即：主将从现。例句：1．Shewillbeveryhappywhensheknowsthatshehasbeengivenachancetogoabroad.2．I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.3．Youcangoouttoplaywhenyoufinishyourhomework.4．Don’tgetoffthebusbeforeitstops.3时间状语从句应注意的问题

(一)when,while,as引导的时间状语从句1．主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while,as可互换使用。例句：While/When/AsIwasreading,Ifellasleep.2．表示动作的先后顺序，即某一动作发生之后，另一动作才发生，用when，一般不用while或as。例句：WhenIgottothestation,Ifoundthetrainhadleft.43．表示主、从动作在同时发生时，when后面的动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词；但while后面的动词必须是延续性动词。例句：(1)Whenwaterbecomessolid,wecallitice.(2)While/WhenIwascooking,Iburntmyhand.4．as强调动词同时进行，常译成“正当〞或“一边…一边……〞。例句：(1)HecameupasIwasspeaking.(2)Ashesaidit,helaughed.(3)Shesingsasshegoesalong.55．When,while都可以做并列连词，连接并列分句，这个时候，when表示“就在…的时候〞，while表示“反而，可是〞，表示转折。常用句式：sbwasdoingsthwhen…；sbwasaboutto/goingtodosthwhen…；sbhadjustdonesthwhen…如：OneeveningIwashavingmydinner,whenanunexpectedfriendknockedmydoor.

ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyowndaughter.6(二)由till,until引导的时间状语从句如果主句中的谓语动词为瞬间动词，主句谓语必须用否认形式，即：not…until结构；表“直到。。。才〞假设主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，既可用肯定形式也可用否认形式，但意思不同表“到。。。为止〞；。例句：Theyworkedtillitwasdark.Wedonotrealizethevalueofhealthuntilweloseit.=Itisnotuntilweloseourhealththatweknowthevalueofit.=Notuntilweloseourhealthdoweknowthevalueofit.1．Don’topenthedooruntiltherainstops.雨停才能开门。2．Iworkedtillhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。3．Ididn’tworktillhecameback.他回来后我才工作。7(三)由immediately,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when,themoment引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就……〞，1．Itoldhimimmediately(=assoonas)hecame.2．Themomenthesawme,heturnedpale.nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when,这一结构的时态搭配，nosooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词用过去完成时，而than与when从句中谓语用一般过去时。此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，就用倒装语序如：1．Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.2．Hehadnosoonerseenmethanheranaway.=Nosoonerhadheseenmethanheranaway.8(四)

before:主句动作先于从句动作，要根据实际情况翻译Wewaitedalongtimebeforehecameout.ImustwriteitdownbeforeIforgot.SheofferedmeacupofcoffeebeforeIcouldsitdown.I‘mwillingtoworkmyselftodeathbeforeIgiveup.。。。才免得还没有宁愿。。。也不9(五〕Since引导的时间状语从句：a)Since后面的动词不同，动作的起算时间不同：since+终止性动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since+延续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。It’sthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.他入团三年了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟三年了。b)“Itis+一段时间+since–clause〞句型。It’stwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我们到这儿两年了。ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.我认识她好几年了。10_______shewastoldthatherdaughtergotsick,shehurriedbackhome.Thetrainhadpulledout_______hearrivedattherailwaystation.Agroupofchildrenweresinging_______theywerewalkingtoschool.I’lltellhimtocallback__________hecomesback.Theboywaitedforme__________Icameback.Theteacherdidn’tgotobed___________hefinishedpreparinghislessons.HehasbeenwatchingTV_________5:00pm.Afterbeforeasassoonastill/untiluntilsince练习11地点状语从句

由where,whereveranywhere,everywhere引导的地点状语从句1．Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.2．Whereveryougo,youmustobeythetrafficrules.Iwillgowherehewent.(特定地点〕I’llgowhereverhegoes.(任意地点〕12原因状语从句

原因状语从句：由because,since,nowthat,as,for引导。1.because语气最强，用来答复why提问，可用在强调句型中。IdoitbecauseIwanttodoit.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2.Since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于〞〔往往放于主句之前〕Sinceyou’refreetoday,let’sgotothecinema.3.as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系〔可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后〕Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.134.for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推倒，用于表示补充说明理由。for引导的从句不能位于句首。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.5.nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首时，that可省略。

Now(that)/sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbegin.6.原因状语从句有时可以以分词的形式出现。Beingblind,hecouldn’tseeanything.(=Ashewasblind,hecouldn’tseeanything.)14目的状语从句

(一)由that,sothat,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句常用情态动词can/could,may/might,should,won’t等。例句：1．Putthelittleplantsintheshadesothatthesunwon’tburnthem.2.I’llspeakslowlyinorderthateverybodycanunderstandme.15(二)forfearthat(=lest)唯恐；

incase(=lest)以防，万一；

incaseof遇到……的时候。例句：1．Ishallringyouuplestyoushouldforgettocome.2．Heisworkinghardforfear(that)heshouldfail.3．Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.4．Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.16结果状语从句

(一)that,sothat,so…that,such…that引导的结果状语从句。例句：1．IwassotiredthatIcouldn’tkeepawake.2．Itissuchalovelydaythatallofuswanttogoouting.(二)sucha/an…that可转换为so+形容词+a/an+名词单数+that结构。例句：1．Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallherstudentsloveherverymuch.2．Sheissogoodateacherthatallhercolleaguesliketotalkwithher.17(三)在名词前有many,much,few,little(少)时，只能用so…that结构，例句：1．TherearesomanythingstobedonethatIfindnotimetogotothecinema.2．Shegotsolittleeducationthatshecouldhardlydoasimplemathsproblem.18条件状语从句

由if,unless(ifnot),so/aslongas,suppose,supposing,incase,asfaras,oncondition,providedthat引导。Youmayusetheroomaslongasyoucleanitupafterwards.Suppose(supposing)heisill,whatshallwedo?Youmaykeepthebookafurtherweekprovidedthatnooneelserequiresit.注意：1.条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。Iwillgoifyougo.2.条件状语从句中，从句主语为it，又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中的主语和系动词be。Cometomorrowifitispossible.Cometomorrowifpossible.193.条件状语从句中的虚拟和倒装。if引导的条件状语从句如与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifitrainedtomorrow,weshouldstayathome.▲假设虚拟的条件状语从句的谓语动词有were,had和should时，可以把if省去，把were,had和should提前，以倒装形式表达虚拟条件从句。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdoit.WereIyou,Iwouldn’tdoit.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemether.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemether.20让步状语从句

(一)though,although引导的状语从句，主句中不能用but，但可用yet。1．Though/Althoughheisveryold,heishealthy.2．Heseemsperfectlyhealthy,thoughhisheartisweak.(二)evenif=eventhough引导的状语从句，可以用虚拟语气。1．I’lltryit,evenifImayfail.2．Weshallhelpyou,evenifwedon’tsleepforanight.3．EvenifIwerestarving,Iwouldn’taskafavourofhim.既使我要饿死了，也不会求他帮助。(此句是虚拟语气)21(三)as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式(as=though)单数名词前不要a/an；形容词或副词前不要very。例句：1.Althoughsheisbusy,shestudiesEnglishveryhardBusyassheis,shestudiesEnglishveryhard.2.Asheisadoctor,heknowsmedicinenobetterthatI.Doctorasheis,heknowsmedicinenobetterthatI.3．AsIadmirehimasawriterverymuch,Idonotlikehimasaman.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.4．Asyouwilltry,youwon’tmanageit.Tryasyouwill,youwon’tmanageit.22(四)whatever,however,whoever,wherever,whenever引导的让步状语从句相当于nomatterwh-疑问词引导的让步状语从句。例句：1．Don’tchangeyourplans,whateverhappens.2．Howeverharditmaybe,doyourbest.3．Whoevergoes,Ishallnotbeaffected.4．Whereverheis,hewillbethinkingofyou.5．WheneverIseehim,Ifindhimathisbooks.23方式状语从句

(一)方式状语从句由as,asif或asthough引导，位于主句之后。1．YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.2．Shedidasshesaid.3．Hestoodupasifhewantedtoleave.(二)asif或asthough引导的从句常用虚拟语气。如果由内容清楚地判断出是表达非现实的意思时，用过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟，was由were代替。1．HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.2．Hewalkedslowlyasifhehadhurthisleg.3．HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.24(三)asif或asthough经常与动词look,seem,taste,smell,feel,sound连用。例句：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Itseemsasifweshallhavetowalk.25比较状语从句引导词as…as…,notas/so..as..than,themore…themore…,JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid.Ican’trunas/sofastashecan.JohnlikesHenrymorethanI.JohnlikesHenrymorethanme.26状语从句的紧缩现象1.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.2.Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.3.WhileIwasinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPlace.4.Cometomorrowifitispossible.5.Ifitisso,youmustgetbackandgetit.6.Hehasnomoney,ifhehasany,hewillgiveyou.7.Thoughitwascold,hestillworeashirt.8.Fillintheblankwithproperwordswhereitisnecessary27【例1】Lucyknewnothingaboutit_________hersistertoldher.

典型例题解析【例3】Theyoungmantravelledallovertheworld______hehadaman-madeleg.until【例2】Otherpeoplewon'tbepleasedifhe__(jump)thequeue.jumpsthough【例4】ThestudentswillgotoSummerPalaceifit___________(rain)tomorrow.doesn'train28【例7】Davidwassocarelessthathedidn‘tfindthemistakesinhistestpaper.(改为简单句)Davidwas_________careless_________findthemistakesinhistestpaper.【例5】Thedriverhurtthegirl______badly_______shehadtoseeadoctor.典型例题解析Sothat【例6】MrsReaddidn'tsleepwelllastnightbecausethewindmadetoomuchnoise.对句子划线局部提问)_______________MrsRead__________welllastnight?tootoWhydidn'tsleep29

1.Hewas_________angrytohearthenewsthathecouldn'tsayaword.2.Becausehismotherwasill,_________hemuststayathometolookafterher.4.Theydidn'twatchTV_____theyfinishedtheirhomework.

课时训练so/until30课时训练5.I'llwritetoyouassoonasI_________Beijing.A.gettoB.arriveC.willgettoD.willarrive6.We'llhaveatripifit_________rain.A.won'tB.willC.don'tD.doesn't7._________youhurryup,orwewillbelateforschool.A.IfB./C.UnlessD.When8.Hesavesmoney_________hecanbuysomebirthdaypresentsforhismother.A.soB.sothatC.suchthatD.inorder9.—Whyareyoulateforschool?—_________Igotuplate.A.BecauseB.ForC.SinceD.As(A)(D)(C)(B)(A)3110.Theflowers_________wellifthey_________.A.won'tgrow,don'ttakegoodcareofB.don'tgrow,aretakengoodcareofC.don'tgrow,don'ttakegoodcareofD.won'tgrow,arenottakengoodcareof(D)11.Heasked_________manystrangequestionsthattheteacherdidn'twanttoteachhimanymore.A.soB.suchC.tooD.very(A)12.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe

A.mustbetakescareofB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafterD.mustlookafter13.Themanhadgoneaway_________theoldmansaidthankstohim.A.thatB.soC.untilD.beforeCD32Ⅱ.句型转换，将以下各句改为同义句1.Hurryuporyou'llbelateforschool._____you_______hurryupyou'llbelateforschool.________youhurryup,you'llbelateforschool.2.I'lldomyhomeworkwhenmymothercomesback.I______domyhomework______mymothercomesback.3.Thisquestionissohardthatnoonecananswerit.Thisis_________________thatnoonecananswerit.4.Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.Hewasill,_______hedidn'tgotoschool.5.Thoughhewastired,hewentonworking.Hewastired,________hewentonworking.课时训练Ifdon'tUnlesswon'tuntilsuchahardsobut336.Theiceonthelakewassothint