考研美国文学第二章课件

Review1.WhoisCalvin?2.DoctrineofPuritans3.FeaturesofAmericanPuritans4.Influenceonliterature5.FeaturesofLiteraryinColonialAmerica6.AnneBradstreetCrevecoeurA)Comparison:-Whatisthedifferenceintonebetweenthetwoletters?

-HowdoesCrevecoeurfeelaboutthegrowthoftheAmericannationinbothletters?

-WhatarethefavorableaspectsofAmericathatCrevecoeurdescribesinletterIII?

-WhatisthescenethatcauseshimtochangehismindinletterXI?

WhyisthissceneimpossibletoreconcilewiththeyoungAmericannation'sidealsofequality?B)KeyideasinColonialandRomanticliterature:"noblesavage"and"stateofnature."

DoaclosereadingofthesecondparagraphofLetterIX.

WhatisCrevecoeur'sattitudetowardstheideaofthe"noblesavage"livinginthe"stateofnature"?

Isitsuperiourtothelifeof"civilized"Europeanman?

HowdoeshisattitudetowardcivilizationchangefromthefirstletterwherehedescribeshowEnglishmenbroughttheir"nationalgenius"withthemtotheNewWorld?

I.HistoricalBackground1.AmericanRevolution

2.Enlightenment启蒙运动3.GreatAwakening大觉醒运动1.AmericanRevolution(1)1775–FireofLexington–beginningofAmericanIndependentWar(2)July4th,1776–DeclarationofIndependence(ThomasJefferson)(3)1777–turningpointofAmericanarmy;alliancewithFrance(BenjaminFranklin)(4)1783–formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernment2.Enlightenment启蒙运动(1)originatedinEuropeinthe17thcentury(2)Resources:Newton’stheory-PhilosphiaeNaturalistsPrincipiaMathematica

自然哲学的数学原理Deism自然神论FrenchPhilosophy(5)Representatives:BenjaminFranklin,ThomasPaine,ThomasJefferson(6)InfluenceonliteratureInform:imitatingEnglishclassicalwritersIncontent:forpoliticaloreducationalpurposeII.JonathanEdwards（1703-1758）

1.Life(1)BorninaveryreligiousNewEnglandfamilyandgraduatedfromYale(2)Workedasaministerandwasanimportantfigurein“GreatAwakening”(3)Dismissedfromhispositionbecauseoffiercereligiouscontroversyatthattime(4)Livedandmeditatedinsolitude;wrotegreatestworks2.WorksFreedomoftheWill论自由意志TheGreatChristianDoctrineofOriginalSin论原罪TheNatureofTrueVirtue论真实德行的原本3.Ideas(1)Thespiritofrevivalism宗教复兴思想(2)God’spresence上帝的存在(3)Regenerationofman人的再生

4.InfluencePioneeroftranscendentalism超验主义的先驱III．BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)

1.Life(1)Borninapoorfamilyandnoregulareducation(2)AsuccessfulbusinessmanAnoutstandingsocialactivist

ApreeminentscientistAnexcellentstatesman&diplomat(3)Jackofalltrades(4)AnexamplethatmadeAmericanDreamcomestrue2.Works

(1)PoorRichard’sAlmanac穷理查德历书(2)TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin自传TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin自传APuritandocument(self-examination&self-improvement)EnlightenmentspiritStylesimplicity,directness,andconcisionThenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfire(electricity)fromtheheaven.PoorRichard’sAlmanac穷理查德历书"Acountrymanbetweentwolawyersislikeafishbetweentwocats.""Havingbeenpoorisnoshame,butbeingashamedofit,is.“"Threemaykeepasecret,iftwoofthemaredead.“"IfJack'sinlove,he'snojudgeofJill'sbeauty."Franklin'sthirteenvirtuesTemperance:Eatnottodullness;drinknottoelevation.Order:Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.Resolution:Resolvetoperformwhatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.Frugality:Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself;i.e.,wastenothing.Moderation:Avoidextremes;forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.Industry:Losenotime;bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful;cutoffallunnecessaryactions.Cleanliness:Toleratenouncleanlinessinbody,clothes,orhabitation.Tranquility:Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.Whatarethereasonswhy

Franklindecidestowritehisautobiography?

Whydoeshethinkvanitymightbeagoodthing?

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Whatishisplanforarrivingatmoralperfection?

WhichamongFranklin's

thirteenvirtuesdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?

WhichvirtuesgiveFranklinthemostdifficulties?

Whatdoyouthinkofhisdailyplan?

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Franklinclaimstowanttokeephis