考研英语写作补充讲义

考研英语写作补充讲义

汪江涛老师编写

说明：本讲义跟面授班发的补充讲义一样，页码也一样

、

1、Introduction：

1)Generaldescription

2)Details1,2,3

3)Caption/Symbolicmeanings

2、Body：

1)Topicsentence/Symbolicmeanings

2)Argument：background,facts,others'opinions,reasons,consequence

(1)Causeandeffect

(2)Classification

(3)Definitionandexplanation

(4)Statisticsandfacts：Accordingtotherecent

survey/data/figure/statistics/studybytheChineseAcademyofSocial

Science,...%(percent)....

(5)Exemplification:

A.Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.

B.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).

C.This/Thesecase(s)effectivelyclarifythat...

(6)Compareandcontrast

3)Summary

3、Conclusion：

1)Concludingsentence

2)Suggestions1、2

3)Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.(Itishightimethatwesolvedthis

problem.)

—、

1、

2、

First(ly),Inthefirstplace,Tobeginwith,Firstandforemost,Aboveall,Ontheonehand,For

onething,

Second(ly),Inthesecondplace,Besides,Inaddition,What'smore,Furthermore,Moreover,

Ontheotherhand,Foranother

Last(ly),(The)Lastbutnot(the)least,Moreimportantly,Evenworse,

3、

Conversely,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,Whereas,Yet,Instead,In/Bycomparison/contrast,

Onthecontrary,

4、

Asaresult/consequence,Consequently,Accordingly,Thus,Hence,Generally/Briefly

speaking,

1、5m,30m,12h,1、2、4、7、14d

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四、

1、ACCURACY：extensive(awiderangeof)knowledge,fiercecompetition

2、VARIETY：

1)

(1)1holdtheopinionthat,AsfarasIamconcerned,

(2)clingtotheidea,inmyopinion/view,pointout,

(3)maintain,reckon,assert,hold,claim,emphasize,insist,suppose,assume

2)

(1)Dueattentionhastobepaidto,Importanceshouldbeattachedto,

(2)beofgreatimportance/significance

(3)vital,essential,crucial,significant

3)peopleingrowing/expanding/increasing/mountingnumbers

4)forthepurposeof,aimto/at,inabidto

3、DIFFICULTY：primary/fundamentalfactors/courses.

4、SPLENDOR：

1)Myeyesweresparklingwithdelight.

2)Hefliedintoastormyrage.

3)Ifellintotheabyssofunspeakablepain.

4)Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeoplearewillingtosacrificehigherpayfor

theprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.

五、

1、

1)Isucceed.

2)IlikeLdy.

3)LYissmart.

4)WeiXiaobaogaveAkeanEnglishdictionary.

5)Tulongdaomademanypeopleselfish.

2、

1)Thefactthatagreatmanyseniorcitizensareill-treatedindicates/suggeststhatthis

issueisextremelyserious.

2)Whattheyfailtounderstandisthatrespectingtheelderlyisatraditionalvirtueof

Chineseculture.

3、We,studentsfromHZ,oneofthebestuniversitiesinBeijing,whichisthemostbeautiful

cityinChina,thegreatestcountryintheworld,aresingingapopsongnamedNDYZ

sungbyLDy,whoismyfavoritesinger,afterweplayedMJthewholenight.

六、

1、

1)Naturaldisastersclaimhundredsofliveseveryyear.

2)Idoappreciateyourefforts.

3)Onceinfrontofme,layarealchance.Yet,Ididnotvalueit.NotuntilthemomentI

lostit,didIrealizehowregretfulIwas.IfGodgavemeanotheropportunity,I

wouldneverstopmakingprogress.

4)Isatoutsideinthehall.Everythinginsidemehasgoneaway.Ididn'tthink.Icould

notthink.Iknewshewasleavingme,butIprayedshenot.(ErnestHemingway:

TheSunAlsoRises)

2、Aculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciatedandshared.

3^environmentalprotection/awareness

4^withdueconsiderationof,takeintoaccount/consideration

5、

1)

(1)只有这样下岗工人才能彻底搜脱贫困并且重新获得他们生命中的尊

严。

(2)总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。

(3)考虑到上述所有论证，政府早就该实行改革把传统教育模式转变为素

质教育。

2)

(1)Onlyinthiswaycanlaid-offworkerscompletelyshrugoffpovertyandregaintheir

dignityinlife.

(2)Inconclusion,itispersistentworkthatisconducivetoyourgraspinga

large/considerablevocabulary.

(3)Givenalltheabovearguments,itishightimethattheauthoritiesenforcedreforms

toconverttraditionaleducationstrategyintoeducationforall-round

development/quality-orientededucation.

6>AsJohnF.Kennedyputit,“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucan

doforyourcountry.”

7、

1)Justasanoldsayinggoes,4(AI1workandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”

2)Justasanoldsayinggoes,“GodonlyhelpsthosewhohelpIhemselves.”(天助自助者

/自助者天助之！)

七、

(一)

1>BikesaresopopularinChina.

2^Itisincredibletomanypeople.Cigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.

3、IsaidIhavemorerespectforhimthanhiswife.

4、Wecouldn'tdecideuponanewcar,thereweremanyattractivemodels.

5、Hewasknockeddownbyabycicle,butitwasnotserious.

6^Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject,persistenceisneeded.

7、Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod,whilenowthelaboratorymethodis

employed.

8、Itwasbothalongceremonyandverytedious.

9^Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.

10>Thecompetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyearandtheandidates

spenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexaminationandtheyneglecttheir

healthandsothenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthis

problemseriously.

11>Inmyopinion,Ithinkthepictureisverymeaningful.

12、Thedistantexplosionwasaudibletotheear.

13、TherearefourcompaniesinShanghai,andanyofthemcansupplyuswithspareparts.

14^Thebottlethatareplacedontheshelfcontainsomechemicalsthathavebeennewly

discovered.

15、Mr.Li,whoismyfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistingusihedTeacherAward.

1>BikesaresopopularinChinathatalmosteveryfamilyhasatleastone.

2、Itisincredibletomanypeoplethatcigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.

3、IsaidIhadmorerespectforhimthanforhiswife.

4^Wecouldn'tdecideuponanewcar,forthereweremanyattractivemodels.

5、Hewasknockeddownbyabycicle,butwasnotseriouslyhurt.

6、Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject,oneneedstobepersistent.

7、Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod;nowitistaughtbythelaboratory

method.

8、Theceremonywasbothlongandtedious.

9、Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobywhathedoes.

10、Asthecompetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyear,theandidates

spenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexamination,neglectingtheirhealth.

Inviewofthis,thenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthis

problemseriously.

11、Inmyopinion,thepictureisverymeaningful./Ithinkthepictureisverymeaningful.

12>Thedistantexplosionwasaudible.

13、AnyofthefourcompaniesinShanghaicansupplyuswithspareparts.

14>Thebottlesontheshelfcontainsomenewchemicals.

15、Mr.Li,myfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistingusihedTeacherAward.

八、

1、

1)increase,grow,rise,expand,ascend,accumulate,surge,swell

jump,leap,skyrocket,soarclimb

2)go/pushup,post/register/manageamoderate/smallgain,gainamomentum,

continueitsupwardtrend

3)increase,growth,rise,expansion,ascendance,accumulation,pickup,gain,

jump,leapclimb

4)ontherise/increase/ascendance

2、

1)decrease,decline,fall,reduce,descend,diminish,dwindle,plunge,

plummet,drop,dip,slump,slide,shrink,collapse

2)godown,drop/falloff,takeadip,continueitsdownwardtrend

3)decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,crawl,slump,shrinkage,clip,

drop,fall

4)onthedecline

3、

1)dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,alarmingly,

significantly,enormously,steeply,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,hugely,substantially

2)atanalarmingrate,byleapsandbounds,inbigleaps,byamassiveleap,

byawidemargin

4、

1)gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately

2)inamoderateway,bytheleastamount

5>remain/staystable/steady/constant/thesame/unchanged

6^riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween...and...,aminorfluctuation,

Wecanseesmallrisesandfalls/fluctuations.

九、

(一)

1、

1)DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,

2)DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)

Wang,

2、

1)DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)

Wang,

2)DearMichael,

(二)

1、

1)

2)

(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.

(2)Iamafreshmaii/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromthe

DepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.

3)Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommy

currentpost/position.

2、

1)

2)

3)

3、

1)

2)

(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.

(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.

(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekind

assistanceyourenderedme.

3)

(1)Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.

(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.

(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.

(三)

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

十、

1、

Manypeopleappreciatetheconveniencesofthecity.Thecityoffersawidechoiceofjobsfor

adultsandschoolsforchildren.Italsoprovidesplentyoffacilitiesforculture,entertainmentand

recreation------restaurants,departmentstores,cinemas,andsoon.Besides,transportationis

usuallywelldevelopedinthecity,withavarietyofmodesoftravel,includingbuses,tramsand

subways.

Inthecountry,ontheotherhand,onecanenjoytheadvantagesoffreshairandfood,andamore

relaxedlifestyle.Housingisusuallyspaciousandinexpensiveinthecountry.And,asfor

recreation,whatcouldbemorerelaxingthanastrolldownacountrylaneamidbeautifulscenery?

Conversely,therearedisadvantegestolivingineitherthecityorthecountry.Cityairtendsto

bepolluted,andthestreetsarealwayscrowdedandnoisy.Inthecountry,bycontrast,thelackof

stimulatingactivitiescanmakeapersonfeelboredandisolated.

Allinall,Iwouldsaythatlivinginthecityisbest,fortheconveniencethecityoffersintermsof

educationandwork;afterall,onecanalwaysspendvacationsinthecountry------andgetthebest

ofboth.(198)

2.

Nowadaysthereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Aschildrengetolder,

theybecomelesseagertocommunicatewiththeirparents,andaso-called^generationgap”is

formed.

Therearemanycausesforthis.Firstofall,parentstendtobeconservativeandsatisfiedwith

whattheyhave,whilechildrenarealwayskeentoexperiencesomethingnew,andarequickto

adoptnewfashionsandwaysofthinking.Parents,becausetheyhaveabetterunderstandingofthe

dangersinsociety,criticizetheiryounsters,behaviorandarereluctanttoletthemhavetheirown

way.Atthesametime,childrenregradtheirparentsasold-fashionedandignorantofthemodern

world.

Todispelsuchmisunderstanding,Ireckonthatparentsshouldrealizethattheirtheirchildrendo

notneedconstantprotectionsomuchashelptostandontheirownfeetasindependentyoung

people.Meanwhile,childrenshouldrecognizethattheirparentshaveawealthofexperience,and

appreciatetheiradviceandassistance.(165)

3.

TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareappearingontheTVscreen.Theyarenotonlyshown

beforeandafterallkindofprograms------news,weatherforecasts,quizshows,andsoon------but

eveninterruptdramasandmovies,andannoytheviewers.

Thefactorsforthisphenomenonarethat,tobeginwith,TVismostefficientandrapidwayof

disseminatinginformation.AsChinadevelopsitshighlycompetitivemarketeconomy,

manufacturesandsalespeopleneedtoinformthegeneralpublicofthelatestcommoditiesthatare

available.Furthermore,TVstationsusethemoneythattheyeamfromshowingthe

advertisementstoproducemoreprograms.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytokeepconsumers

informedoftherangeofproductsthattheymaychoosefrom.

Accordingly,advertisementsonTVservethreeusefulpurposes.Nevertheless,theTVstations

shouldavoidshowingadvertisementswhichareofpoorqualityandmakesurethatadvertisements

donotappearsofrequentlythattheyspoiltheviewers'enjoymentofhisorherfavouriteprograms.

(167)

4.

Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.Infact,friendsaresometimesmore

vitalandusefultousthanourownfamilymembers.Ourjoysaremorepleasantwhenwehavea

friendtosharethem;andoursorrowsareeasiertobearifwehaveafriendatourside.Indeed,we

sometimesfinditeasiertoconfideinfriendswhenwehavesecretswearereluctanttorevealto

evenourclosestrelatives.

Unfortunately,notallthepeopleweareaccustomedtocallingfriendsarefriendsinthetruesense

oftheword;mostofthepeoplewesharesocialoccasionswitharemerelyacquaintances.Real

friendshipinvolvessincerity,mutualtrustandself-sacrifice,bothinmomentsofhappinessandon

occasionsofcrisis.Atruefriendwillnotjusttelluswhatwewanttohear,butadviseustodowhat

heorsheassumesisreallybestforusinthelongrun.

Myprincipleinmakingfriendsistoignorethingslikewhatworktheydoandwhattheirsocial

backgroundsare,but,instead,toobservecarefullythelittlethingsthatrevealtheircharacters.

OnlyinthiswaycanIbesurethatthesefriendswillneverletmedown,andthatwewillalways

bereadytohelpeachothernomatterwhatproblemscropup.(226)

5.

Educationplaysaveryimportantroleinthemodernizationofourcountry.Withouta

well-educatedpopulation,Chinawillnotbeabletoachieveitsplannedeconomicgrowth,

catchupwiththedevelopednationstechnologicallyorimprovethelivingstandardsofits

people.Yet,accordingtorecentstatistics,thereareovertwomillionchildreninChinawho

havedroppedoutofschoolbecausetheirparentsaretoopoortopaythefees.

Atthemoment,theauthorityhastoomanythingstodoasitbuilduptheeconomy,and

cannotaffordthemoneyneededtogetthosechildrenbacktoschool.Andsoanationwidedrive

isnecessarytoraisefundstorescuethemfromilliteracyandignorance.Thatdriveiscalledthe

“ProjectHope”.Theprojectisatimelyresponsetotheproblem,andmanychildrenlivinginthe

poverty-strickenpartsofChinanowhaveamorebilliantfuturebecauseofthegenerosityofthe

peoplewhohavedonatedmoneytoit.

Nevertheless,the“ProjectHope^^isonlyatemporarymeasure,andnotapermanentsolution.

Whatisneededisaproperlyfundededucationsystemsothatallchildrencanbeguaranteedan

educationwhichwillequipthemtoplaytheirrolestothefullinthemodernizationofChina.

(211)

6.

Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.Withthequickeningpaceofurbanlifeand

ever-increasingpressure,peopleinmountingnumbersaresufferingeitherphysicalormental

problems.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatgoodhealthisthekeytoahappylifeanda

successfulcareer.

Therearenumerouswaysofkeepingfit.Firstandforemost,itismosteffectivetodophysical

exercises.Peoplerespectivelychoosejogging,playingbasketball,swimming,skating,climbingor

ridingastheirregularexercisesinthatexercisesneverfailtomakeusstrongerandmoreenergetic.

Moreover,weshouldputgeatemphasisonforminggoodhabits.Abalanceddietandsufficient

sleeparebothindispensabletophysicalfitness.Moreimportantly,mentalhealthshouldalsobe

takenseriously.Especiallyinadversity,weneedtomaintainanoptimisticmentalitytopull

throughlife'spainandsorrow,twistsandturns.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ihaveapeculiarinterestinyogaexercise.Anhour'sexerciseevery

dayusuallymakesmefeelhealthierandmorevigorous.Besides,Inevertouchanycigaretteor

wine,neitherdoIstayuplate.Instead,Ikeepabalanceddietandgotobedbefore11o'clockat

nightforIsupposeburingthemidnightoilisharmfultohealth.Whatismore,anoptimistic

attitudetowardlifemakesmeconfidentandpersistent.Tosumup,allthesepracticesguarantee

afithealthandahappylife.(236)

7.P.31

8.

Ascanbeseenfromthehumorouscartoon,ahen,whilelayingeggs,isproudlypromisingthat

hereggsareailnormalandoval-shapedratherthantwisted.Besides,theyallconsistofshells,egg

whitesandyokes.Sincethehenisemphasizingasimplefactknowntoeveryone,thepromise

soundsrathermeaninglessandqueer.

Undoubedly,thedrawinghassymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminourdailylife,the

widespreadmeaninglesspromisesmadebypeoplefromallwalksoflife.Inparticular,some

profit-drivenenterprisestakeadvantageofsuchpromisestowinpeople'strustandfavor.Although

theirproductshavenothingtorecommend,theypresentmisleadingadvertisementsanddeceptive

descriptionstoexaggeratetheirordinarywork.Similarly,someindividuals,obsessedwithfame

andsuccess,tryeverymeanstopublicizetheirdeeds,butactuallytheyarejustassumingtheir

duties.Suchemptypromisesandboastswilldefinitelydogreatharmtopeopleaswellastothe

society.

Hence,Measuresshouldbetakentoterminatetheridiculouspractices.Foronething,

authoritiesshouldestablishsomeregulationstoprohibitenterprisesandpeoplefrommaking

suchpromises.Foranother,peopleshouldgetreadytopasscriticismuponemptypromises

anytimeandanywhere.Afterall,itisimperativetodevelopoursocietybyperforminghard

workinsteadoftalkingnonsense.(215)

9.

ThetwochartsshowthattheincreaseintheU.S.populationhasbeenaccompaniedbya

correspondingdeclineinthenumberofwildlifespecies.Fartoomanyspecieshavebeenlost

already.Thisposesadangertotheecologicalbalance.

Asthehumanpopulationexpands,wildanimalsinmountingnumbersarehuntedforfood,or

becausetheyarethoughttopresentathreattoman.Butstudiesshowthatoneoftheprimary

causesofthedisappearanceofwildlifeispollution,whichisoneoftheconsequencesof

populationgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Thismakesuswonderifmenareabletoshare

thisplanetinharmonywithotherlifeforms.

Inmyopinion,itisimperativeforustotakestepstoreversethedisturbingtrendillustrated

inthecharts.Onemeasurewouldbetoforbidthebuildingofcitiesinareaswherewildlifeis

threatenedwithextinction.But,moreimportantly,menmustlearntostoppollutingthe

environment,orhehimselfwillbeextinct.(167)

10.P.41

11.

Whenweusetheword“love"，wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheopposite

sex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.Thepicturebelowillustratesthereal

meaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusno

matterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.Infact,throughouthistorypeopleofmany

differentcultureshaveregardedloveasthenoblestofhumanemotions.

Asanexampleofthepoweroflove,weshouldrememberhowtheChinesepeopleofall

nationalitiesrespondtothecalltohelpthevictimsofnaturaldisasterseveryyear.Althoughtheir

incomesarestilllowbyinternationalstandards,peoplealloverthecountrydonothesitateto

donatewhatevertheycan------beitmoneyorgoods------tohelptheirneedyfellowcitizens.

Moreover,theydothiswithnothoughtofgainforthemselves.

Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoaremoreunfortunatethanweare.

Weshouldalwaysbereadytogiveahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble,nomatter

whethertheyarefamilymembersorcompletestrangers.Inthisway,wecanhelptomakethe

worldabetterplace,for,asthepictureshows,thedarkertheshadowsofsorrowbecome,the

morebrightlythelampofloveshines.(232)

12.

ThepicturevividlydepictsalovelyAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostumewithasweet

smileonherface.Shewearsribbons,necklacesandotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristicof

theclothesofacertainChineseminoritygroup.Undoubtedly,thecostumehasaddedoriental

charmtoherbeautifullook/appearance/features.

Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondonlyanewfashiontrend.Instead,itcarries

culturalmeanings.Thefactthatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesareattractedtomysterious

Chinesecultureindicatesthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciated

andsharedinternationally.Inotherwords2anation'suniqueculturecanbecomeinternational

throughworldwideeconomicandculturalexchanges.Sincethetrendofglobalizationbecome

irresistible,culturalcommunicationcaneffectivelyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.

Itismyviewthatnationalcultureaspricelessspiritualtreasureshouldbepreservedand

cherished.Meanwhile,therearegoodreasonstoadvocateinternationalcultureforthoseideas

fromtheothercultures,controversialorevenabsurdatfirstsight,canprovideadifferent

perspectiveforustoobservetheworldinthelongrun.Nevertheless,whenweareconfronted

withadifferentculture,weshouldbesensibleenoughtoabsorbitsessenceandtoresistitsdark

side.Onlyinthiswaycanwepromoteculturaldevelopmentpositivelyandmakeourworld

dimensional,colorfulandvigorous.(220)

13.

Thesetofdrawingsabovevividlydepictsthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.As

isshowninthefirstcartoon,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousethatsheltersit

fromthethreateninglighteningandstorm.Withpropertemperature,moistureandfertilizer,the

flowerisgrowinginfullbloom.Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreenhouseand

exposedtothedrivingrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers,withthepetalscastaboutonthe

grounds.

Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreen

housecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshould

betakenmoreseriously.Thedelicateflowerisnaturallyassociatedwithyoungpeople,tobe

specific,theonlychildreninourcurrentsociety;thegreenhouseepitomizesparents'dotingcare

andabundantmaterialsuppliesthatcanshieldthechildrenfromthestorms,ortheharshreality.

Oncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchallengesfromtherealworld,

theyarefoundloospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.

Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provoking

drawings.Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemore

independentinlife.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheirchildren

morefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoils

inadversitycanyoungpeoplecultivatestrongpersonalityandability,andonlyinthiswaycan

theybecomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.(272)

14.

Itisvividlydepictedinthecartoonthataboyisrun