高考英语一轮复习Unit1Lookingforwards课后练习含解析外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEPAGE9Unit1Lookingforwardseq\a\vs4\al()课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(概要写作微技能)同义形容词(短语)的替换一、多样表达1．悲伤的：sad→heartbroken,depressed,frustrated2．富有的：rich→wealthy,well­off3．穷的：poor→needy,inpoverty4．开心的：happy→cheerful,delighted5．聪明的：clever→smart,intelligent,sharp­minded6．苦难的：difficult→tough,challenging,stressful7．巨大的：big→enormous,vast,massive8．美丽的：beautiful→eye­catching,good­shaped,appealing,charming9．最便宜的：thecheapest→theleastexpensive10．害怕的：afraid→frightened,scared,panic­stricken11．不同的：different→various,diverse,avarietyof12．粗鲁的：rude→impolite13．疲劳的：tired→wornout,exhausted14．有益的：helpful→beneficial,profitable,rewarding15．严重的：serious→severe16．勇敢的：brave→fearless,bold,courageous17．出名的：famous→notable,renowned,noticeable18．明显的：clear→obvious,evident,apparent19．少量的：abitof→asmallquantity/number/amountof20．重要的：important→significant,essential,vital,ofgreatimportance,ofgreatsignificance二、佳句观摩1．You'rebraveandyoucanmakeit.→You'refearless/bold/courageousandyoucanmakeit.你勇敢无畏，一定会获得成功。2．Youdidn'tneedtotellhimthenews;itjustmadehimsaD．→Youdidn'tneedtotellhimthenews;itjustmadehimheartbroken/depressed/frustrateD．你无须告诉他这一消息，那只会使他悲哀。3．Mostofthesepeoplearen'tveryrich.→Mostofthesepeoplearen'tvery_wealthy/well­off.这些人大都不算太富裕。4．Shesetsasideabitofmoneyeverymonth.→Shesetsasideasmallquantity/number/amountofmoneyeverymonth.她每月都存一点儿钱。三、佳句仿写用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分1．Heisalwaysreadytohelpthepoor.→Heisalwaysreadytohelpthose_who_are_needy/in_poverty．他总是乐于帮助贫穷的人。2．Thecheapestarticlesatthesalewerequicklysnappedup.→The_least_expensivearticlesatthesalewerequicklysnappedup.大减价货物中最便宜的物品很快被抢购一空。3．OfcourseI'mnotill.I'mjusttireD．→OfcourseI'mnotill.I'mjustworn_out/exhausted．我当然没有生病，只是有点累。eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(高考题型组合练)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然——科学研究——月球正在缓慢收缩Manyofusthink，wrongly，thatthemoondoesn'tchange.Forexample，theTangDynastypoetZhangRuoxuoncewrotethat“Generationshavecomeandpassedaway；Fromyeartoyearthemoonslookalike，oldandnew.”However，anewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureGeoscienceshowsthatthemoonisinfactslowlyshrinkingovertime.Forthestudy，agroupofUSscientistsexaminedandanalyzedthousandsofphotographstakenbytheNASA'sLunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera(月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机).Theyfoundthattherewerelotsoffaults(断层)onthesurfaceofthemoon.Thesefaultswereformedbyrecentmovementonthemoon.AccordingtoNASA，themoonismadeupofpiecesofrockswithahotcore.Themooncontinuedtoexpandasitwasborn.Butinthisprocess，itreleasedenergyandcooleddown.Thenitbegantoshrink，inawaycomparabletotheshrinkingofagrapeintoaraisin.Overthepastseveralhundredmillionyears，ithasbecome46meters“skinnier”．Butduetoitshardandrockylayer，themoon'ssurfacecontinuestopushup.“Someofthesequakescanbefairlystrong，aroundfiveontheRichterscale(里氏震级)，”saidThomasWatters，aseniorscientistattheSmithsonian'sNationalAirandSpaceMuseumintheUS.Butdoesthatmeanthemoonisadangerousplacethathumanshouldn'ttrytoexploreandliveoninthefuture？Maybenot，reportedTheTelegraph.“Thisisn'tanythingtoworryabout.Themoonmaybeshrinking，butnotbymuch.It'snotgoinganywhere，”Watterscomfortedus.Thenewdiscoveryprovesthattheideathatthemoonisadead，boringplaceiswrong.“Wehavebeentothemoonandwe'vedonesomegreatscience，butthereisstillalotwedon'tknow.Themoonisshrinking—wedidn'treallyrealizethatuntilrecently.It'samuchmoreactiveandinterestingplacethanwethoughtandweshouldexplorethat，”NASAscientistNathanWilliamssaiD．文章大意：月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间的流逝慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。1．Whichpointofviewaboutthemoonmaythewriteragreeto?A．Itstaysthesameasbefore.B．Itisbecomingslightlysmaller.C．Itisgettingolderandolder.D．Ithaspassedaway.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“However，anewstudy...showsthatthemoonisinfactslowlyshrinkingovertime.”可知，一项新的发表在《自然·地球科学》上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间的流逝慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthemoonfromthethirdparagraph?A．Ithasbecome46metersfatterduetoexpanding.B．Ithaschangedfromagrapeintoaraisininrecentyears.C．ItquakesevenatsevenontheRichterscale.D．Ithasahotcoreandreleasesenergyduringexpanding.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段前三句中的“themoonismadeupofpiecesofrockswithahotcore”“Themooncontinuedtoexpandasitwasborn.”“Butinthisprocess，itreleasedenergy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。3．Whothinksthatweneedn'tworryaboutthemoon?A．ZhangRuoxu. B．ThomasWatters.C．NathanWilliams. D．Thejournalist.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段中ThomasWatters说的话“Thisisn'tanythingtoworryabout...It'snotgoinganywhere”可知ThomasWatters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。4．WhatdoesNathanWilliamsthinkofthemoon?A．Itisadeadandboringplace.B．Ithaslotsoffaultsonthesurface.C．Itisvaluabletodomorescience.D．Itisn'taplacewherewecanlive.解析：C考查推理判断。根据尾段中NathanWillams说的话“Wehavebeentothemoonandwe'vedonesomegreatscience...weshouldexplorethat”可知，NathanWilliams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索，据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会——科学研究——用机器人创作音乐AtEngland'sUniversityofPlymouth，ProfessorEduardoMirandahasbeenprogrammingpairsofrobotstocomposemusiC．Miranda'srobotshavesimple“vocalcords”(声带)andareprogrammedtosingandlistentoeachother.Therobots'uniquewarblingsounds(颤音)donotperfectlymatchthehumanvoice，buteachmachineisexactlysharingmusicwiththeotherinanewanduniqueway.Eachrobotisequippedwithspeakers，softwarethatmimicsthehumanvoice，amouththatopensasit“sings”，amicrophoneforears，andacameraforeyes.Therobotsalsomove.Mirandahopesthatbystudyinghisrobotvocalists，hecandiscoversomethingabouthowandwhyhumanscreate，perform，andlistentomusiC．Whentherobotssing，thefirstrobotmakessixrandomsounds.Itspartnerrespondswithmoresounds.Thefirstrobotanalyzesthesoundstoseeiftheirsequences(顺序)aresimilar.Iftheyare，itnodsitsheadandcommitsthesoundstomemory，andthesecondrobotnoticesand“memorizes”themusicalsequence，too.Ifthefirstrobotthinksthesoundsaretoodifferent，itshakesitsheadandbothrobotsignorethesounds.Thentheprocesscontinues.Mirandasetupanexperimentinwhichheleftthetworobotsaloneinhisstudyfortwoweeks.Whenhereturned，hislittlewarblershad，byimitatingeachother，notonlysharednotesbutcombinedthem.Theproductoftheircooperationwasfarfromsymphonic，buttherobotshadbeguntocombinethenotesintotheirownself­developed“songs”.Withthehelpofhiswarblingrobots，oneofMiranda'sgoalsistocreatemusicthatnohumanwouldevercompose.Mirandabelievestherobotsareidealforthispurposebecausetheywouldnotbeinfluencedbyanyexistingmusicalstylesorrules.文章大意：普利茅斯大学的教授EduardoMiranda通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。本文介绍了Miranda的实验过程以及他的目标等。5．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“mimics”inParagraph2?A．Substitutes. B．Interrupts.C．Controls. D．Copies.解析：D考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句中的“amouththatopensasit‘sings’，amicrophoneforears，andacameraforeyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。A项意为“代替，取代”。6．WhatdidthetworobotsdoduringMiranda'sexperiment?A．Theyinteractedwitheachother.B．TheyignoredtheuniquesounD．C．Theylearnedtosingbetterthanhumans.D．Theycommittedrandomsoundstomemory.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第一、二句“Whentherobotssing，thefirstrobotmakessixrandomsounds.Itspartnerrespondswithmoresounds.”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。7．WhatdoesMirandawanthisrobotstodo?A．Singaswellashumansdo.B．CreatenewstylesofmusiC．C．MemorizeavarietyofmusiC．D．Promotetraditionalmusicalforms.解析：B考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“Withthehelpofhiswarblingrobots，oneofMiranda'sgoalsistocreatemusicthatnohumanwouldevercompose.”可知，Miranda的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Futurerobots.B．Specialsongs.C．Musicbyrobots.D．ExperimentsbyMirandA．解析：C考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“AtEngland'sUniversityofPlymouth，ProfessorEduardoMirandahasbeenprogrammingpairsofrobotstocomposemusiC．”为全文的主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了EduardoMiranda教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会——人际关系——鼓励的力量(2021·山东省新高考名校交流联考)Ididnotrememberher,butrecentlyheremailnotesurprisedme.Theemailbegan，“WemetinasubwaytraininQueens”．Fatehad__1__usnexttoeachother.She__2__thatshehadbeensadanddepresseD．Hersadfeelingsdidnot__3__me.Icontinuedtotalktoherabout__4__andlove.Igaveherquotecardsthatsheputinherbag.Athomeshewas__5__tofindthewordsonthequotecardsresonated(共鸣)withherpresentsituation.Shebecameveryhappyandher__6__heartwantedtoseemeagaintothankmeaboutthe__7__shereceiveD．She__8__mefor3yearswithno__9__．ShedidnotknowIwasconnectedtoKindSpring.LastweekshetalkedwithherfamilyandthoughtImightbeworkingatKindS.InanemailtoKindSpring,notknowingmy__10__，sheexplainedmyfaceandour__11__．IamverygratefultoKindSpringforgoingtheextramiletofindmyemailIDandbetheconnecting__12__betweenus.FatemahiseagertomeetmewhenIvisitNewYorknextyear.Shesaidmy__13__changedherlife.Ihave__14__probablyoverfiftythousandcards，buttheoneshereceivedis__15__．文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在地铁上作者和一个叫法蒂玛的女孩偶遇并坐在一起，作者的鼓励卡让这个女孩摆脱了痛苦，重获新生。多年来，心怀感恩的法蒂玛一直在寻找作者。最终两人再次联系上了。1．A．introduced B．savedC．seated D．cheated解析：C根据前面的“WemetinasubwaytraininQueens”可知，作者和这个女孩在地铁里相遇，命运让两人挨着坐在了一起。seated使就座，符合语境。故选C。2．A．wrote B．forgotC．realized D．guessed解析：A她写道她一直很悲伤和沮丧。根据前面的“butrecentlyheremailnotesurprisedme”可知，作者最近收到了女孩的邮件，在邮件中，女孩描写了她那时的情绪状态。故选A。3．A．move B．botherC．stop D．surprise解析：C根据后面的“Icontinuedtotalktoher”可知，女孩糟糕的情绪并没有阻止作者继续与其交谈。stop阻止，符合语境。故选C。4．A．friendship B．lossC．sadness D．hope解析：D根据前面的“shehadbeensadanddepressed”和后面的“andlove”可知，作者继续和女孩谈论希望和爱的话题。所以才有了后来这个女孩的改变。故选D。5．A．shocked B．excitedC．embarrassed D．puzzled解析：A根据后面的“tofindthewordsonthequotecardsresonatedwithherpresentsituation”可知，作者给她的卡片上的文字与她当时的境况是有共鸣的，所以当她看到卡片上面的话语时感到很震惊。故选A。6．A．anxious B．gratefulC．broken D．curious解析：B根据后面的“wantedtoseemeagaintothankme”可知，这个女孩变得非常高兴，感恩的心使她想再次见到作者并向作者道谢。grateful感激的，符合语境。故选B。7．A．lesson B．kindnessC．respect D．sympathy解析：B根据前面的“Shebecameveryhappy”和后面的内容可知，女孩受到了鼓舞，重新获得了幸福，她对从作者那里获得的善意深表感谢。kindness善意，符合语境。故选B。8．A．turneddown B．reliedonC．passedover D．searchedfor解析：D根据后面的“ShedidnotknowIwasconnectedtoKindSpring.”及上下文语境可知，为了感恩，她3年来一直都在寻找作者。searchfor寻找，符合语境。故选D。9．A．complaints B．excusesC．results D．regrets解析：C根据后面的“ShedidnotknowIwasconnectedtoKindSpring.”可知，这三年以来，女孩一直都在寻找作者，但是一直没有找到。withnoresults没有结果。故选C。10．A．colleagues B．nameC．boss D．appearance解析：B根据后面的“sheexplainedmyfaceandour______”及上下文语境可知，在给KindSpring的电子邮件中，由于她不知道作者的名字，所以她描述了作者的长相和当时见面时的情景。故选B。11．A．promise B．appointmentC．meeting D．misunderstanding解析：C根据上下文语境可知，这个女孩通过描述作者的相貌和当时见面的情景，让别人知道她要寻找的人是谁。故选C。12．A．bridge B．barrierC．person D．way解析：A根据前面的“IamverygratefultoKindSpringforgoingtheextramiletofindmyemailID”可知，KindSpring帮助女孩找到了作者，它成为了他们之间得以再次见面的桥梁。故选A。13．A．visit B．talkC．email D．work解析：B根据前面的“talktoher”可知，在地铁上作者与法蒂玛的那次交谈改变了女孩的一生。故选B。14．A．paidfor B．soldoutC．usedup D．givenaway解析：D由上文语境可知，作者送给这个女孩一张卡片，现在可能共赠送出了5万多张卡片。givenaway赠送，符合语境。故选D。15．A．well­kept B．specially­madeC．worthless D．priceless解析：D根据上文语境可知，作者与女孩的那次交谈对女孩的影响很大，所以说作者送给女孩的那张卡片是无价的。priceless无价的，极其珍贵的，符合语境。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空语篇类型新闻报道主题语境人与自然——人类对大自然的探索——中国嫦娥四号无人探测器月背成功着陆Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e­4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1.____________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole－Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2.____________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3.____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4.____________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5