2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero限时规范特训新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE6Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroⅠ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)AWinstonChurchillwasbornonNovember30,1874,inEngland.HeservedintheBritishArmyuntil1899.Thefollowingyear,Churchillbeganhislongcareerinthegovernment.Churchillwaselectedtovariouspositionsforthenextseveralyears.AfterthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ，Churchillwasappointedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)FirstLordoftheAdmiralty.InearlyMay,theformerPrimeMinisterofEnglandresignedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)andChurchillwasappointedtothepositionbyKingGeorgeⅥ.England'sarmysufferedmanylossesearlyonandChurchillfacedagreatdealofcriticismeq\a\vs4\al(W3).Butoneofthemajorcontributionshemadetotheeventualvictoryeq\a\vs4\al(W4)washisabilitytoinspiretheBritishpeopletogreatereffortbymakingpublicbroadcastsonsignificantoccasions.Asabrilliantpublicorator(演说家),hewasatirelesssourceofstrengthtopeople.OnOctober29,1941,ChurchillmadeaspeechatHarrowSchoolwhichheattendedasayouth.Partofthespeechincludedthelines,“Nevergiveinexcepttoconvictions(信念)ofhonorandgoodsense.Neveryieldtoforce;neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingeq\a\vs4\al(W5)mightoftheenemy.〞Healsousedthephrase“Never,never,nevergiveup〞inhispersonalwritingandcorrespondence(信件)．Churchilllosthisbideq\a\vs4\al(P1)forre­electionin1945andshortlythereaftersufferedhisfirststroke.Heremainedactiveinpolitics,returningtothePrimeMinisterpositionin1951,untilhishealthforcedhimtoretire.ThroughouthislifehewasanenthusiasticwriterandevenwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.SirWinstonChurchillpassedawayeq\a\vs4\al(P2)onJanuary24,1965.篇章导读：本文是关于温斯顿·丘吉尔的一篇传记，简述了其辉煌的一生。1．Thetextisdevelopedby________.A．providingexamples B．followingtimeorderC．makingcomparisons D．followingspaceorder答案：B篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章主要按照人物事件发生的先后顺序展开，即时间顺序。2．ByusingthelinesfromChurchill'sspeech,theauthorwantstoprovethat________.A．ChurchillalwaysacceptedhismistakesB．ChurchillwasthankfulforhishomecountryC．ChurchillwasatirelesssourceofstrengthtopeopleD．Churchillmainlyinspiredyoungpeopletomakegreatereffort答案：C推理判断题。联系第二段最后一句和第三段第二句可推知，引用丘吉尔演讲的台词主要是为了证明他一直是人们的力量源泉。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsChurchill?A．Admiring. B．Skeptical.C．Sympathetic. D．Disappointing.答案：A推理判断题。通读全文并根据文中出现的褒义词(如：contributions,inspire,brilliant,enthusiastic等)可以看出，作者对丘吉尔是充满钦佩之情的。4．Thistextcanbeclassifiedasa________.A．historicalstory B．medicalreportC．newsreport D．biography答案：D推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要按照时间顺序简要介绍了温斯顿·丘吉尔的生平，故本文为一篇传记。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．appointvt.任命；委派2．resignv.辞职；放弃(工作或职位)3．criticismn．批评；指责4．victoryn．胜利；成功5．overwhelmingadj.难以抗拒的；压倒性的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．loseone'sbid失利2.passaway去世B[2022·河南八市质检]ChineseNewYearcelebrations,alsoknownastheSpringFestivalstartonthe23rddayofthe12thlunareq\a\vs4\al(W1)monthoftheChinesecalendar,andendonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthinthefollowingyearintheChinesecalendar.ChineseNewYear'sDay'sdateiscalculatedaccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar.In2022it'sThursday,February19.ManypeoplecleantheirhomestowelcometheSpringFestival.Theyputuptheredposterswithpoeticversesonittotheirdoors,ChineseNewYearpicturesontheirwalls,anddecorateeq\a\vs4\al(W2)theirhomeswithredlanterns.Itisalsoatimetoreunitewithrelatives,somanypeoplevisittheirfamiliesatthistimeoftheyear.IntheeveningoftheSpringFestivalEve,manypeoplesetoffeq\a\vs4\al(P1)fireworksandfirecrackers,hopingtocastawayanybadluckandbringforthgoodluck.Childrenoftenreceiveluckymoney.ManypeoplewearnewclothesandsendChineseNewYeargreetingstoeachother.Variouseq\a\vs4\al(W3)activitiessuchasbeatingdrumsandstrikinggongs,aswellaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)dragonandliondances,areallpartoftheSpringFestivalfestivities.TheSpringFestivalisanationalholidayinChina.Governmentoffices,schools,universitiesandmanycompaniesareclosedduringtheperiodfromtheSpringFestivalEvetotheseventhdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheChinesecalendar.However,someenterprisessuchasbanksoftenarrangeforworkerstobeonshiftduty.Publictransportisavailableeq\a\vs4\al(W4)duringtheChineseNewYearperiod.Theredposterswithpoeticversesonitwereinitiallyatypeofamulet(驱邪物),butnowitsimplymeansgoodfortuneeq\a\vs4\al(W5)andjoy.VariousChineseNewYearsymbolsexpressdifferentmeanings.Forexample,animageofafishsymbolizes“havingmorethanoneneedseveryyear〞.Afirecrackersymbolizes“goodluckinthecomingyear〞.Thefestivallanternssymbolize“pursuingthebrightandthebeautiful〞．篇章导读：春节是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，也象征着团结、兴旺，是对未来寄托新的希望的佳节。从腊月二十三到正月十五人们一直沉浸在欢乐的节日中。5．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．ChineseNewYearisaroundthecornerB．whatpeopleusuallydoduringChineseNewYearC．howpeopletreateachotheronthespecialdayD．ChineseNewYearwitnessesthelongestholidays答案：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中主要讲述了中国的春节，以及在春节前后人们所做的活动。6．TraditionallyChineseNewYearwilllastabout______.A．23days B．15daysC．7days D．25days答案：A细节理解题。依据第一段可知，春节始于腊月二十三，到来年的正月十五结束，历时23天的时间。7．Theoriginalpurposeoftheredpostersis________.A．toshowsomewonderfulpoemstoothersB．todecoratethehousewithbrightcolorsC．todrivetheevilsawayfromtheirhomesD．towelcomefriendsandrelativeswarmly答案：C细节理解题。依据尾段的第一句可知，最初在门上贴红色的对联是为了驱邪。应选C。8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．theNewYearsymbolsmeangoodforthefutureB．givingluckymoneyisamustforparentsC．theChinesecelebratethefestivaldifferentlyD．thestaffinbankshaveaseven－dayholiday答案：A推理判断题。依据尾段可知，不管是对联、爆竹、鱼还是节日的灯都意味着对未来的美好祝愿。应选A。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．lunaradj.阴历的；月亮的2．decoratev.装饰；装修3．variousadj.各种各样的4．availableadj.可得到的；空闲的5．fortunen.命运；运气eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．setoff动身；起程；引爆2．aswellas除……之外，还……Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时8′)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。4ReasonsChangeIsGoodforYouWeallknowthatchangeishardbecauseyourbrainisusedtodoingthesamethingoverandoveragain.___1___Butthepositiveconsequenceisreallygreat.Herearefourreasonswhychangeisgoodforyou：___2___Lifeinthecomfortzoneiseasy.Yousimplyfollowaroutineandyoucanpredicttheconsequences.Outsideofthecomfortzone,yourassumptionsarechallenged.Theideaofdoingthesamethingoverandoverwithoutquestionisdiscouraged.Yougettoexperiencemore.___3___Whenyoulookbackonyourlife,allofthereallyamazingthingsarebecauseofanewexperienceyouhad.Allofthosevacationsyoutookandallofthepeopleyouhavemethavetaughtyoumorethanyoueverlearnedinschool.Theseexperiencesnowmakeupwhoyouaretoday.You'llbemoreflexibleandadaptable.Withoutdoubt,changemakesyourmoreflexibleandadaptable.Youlearntodealwiththingsinawaythatseemsforeignbutacceptableandachievable.___4___Youbegintothrive(兴旺)innewsituationsbecauseyouhaveproventoyourselfthatyoucan,notonlyhandlechange,butFLOURISH.Youhavemorefun.Whenyouareopentochange,youareopentosayingYEStomore.Youareopentomoreexperiencesandopportunities.___5___Whenyouaddallofthesethingstogether,youaregoingtohaveamorecolorfullifeandyou'llhaveatonoffunfiguringitalloutalongtheway—there'snodoubtaboutit.A．Youarepushedoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Experienceiswaitingforyouatthedoorstep.C．Youhavetheopportunitytomeetmorepeopletoo.D．Whetherthechangeisgoodorbadforyou,itdoeshappen.E．Wealsoknowhowchallengingitcanbetogothroughchange.F．Then,you'llbemoreconfidentwheninthenextuncomfortablesituation.G．Changeisgoodbecauseyouhavethechancetoinvolveinnewexperiences.篇章导读：众所周知改变是件不容易的事情。但是学会改变确实对人们有着积极的影响。本文介绍了四种改变给人们带来的好处。1．E根据上文内容及后句的转折可以判断，前句是讲述关于改变的不容易。应选E。2．A本段介绍人们适应了舒适的生活，而学着改变那么是在强迫人们走出舒适区域。应选A。3．G根据段落标题可知，本段是介绍改变能够让人们体验更多新事物，此处的信息提示词是experience。应选G。4．F前句介绍改变可以让人们以一种不熟悉的方式去处理问题，而F选项内容是当下次遇到不安的情况时，人们就有了自信，由此判断F选项可以承上启下，提示词是foreign和nextuncomfortablesituation。5．C前句内容是介绍改变会给人们带来更多的时机和体验，由此可知，它同时也能够使人们接触更多的人。应选C。Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时10′)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Iremembertheoccasionwhenmothersentmetothemainroad,abouttwentyyardsawayfromourhouse,toinviteapassinggroupofseasonalwork－seekersforameal.She___1___(instruct)metotakeabasketalongandcollectdrycowdung(牛粪)formakingafire.Iwasthentopreparethemealforthegroupofwork－seekers.___2___thoughtofmakinganopenfireoutsideatmidday,and___3___(cook)inalargethree－leggedpotinthatintenseheat,wassufficienttoupsetevenanangel.Ididnotmanagetohidemyfeelingsfrommymotherand,afterservingthegroup,shecalledmetotheveranda(走廊)___4___sheusuallysattoattendtohersewingandknitting.___5___straightintomyeyes,sheasked“Whydidyougetangry___6___Irequestedyoutoprepareamealforthosepoorpeople？〞___7___myattempttodenyherblame,usingtheheatofthefireandthesunasanexcuseformyrudebehavior,mother,shegavemeafirmlook,___8___(say),“Youcannotdetectwhattroublemaylieaheadofyou.〞I___9___(sudden)realizedthatifIhadrefusedtoofferthisgroupofpeopleameal,___10___wouldbeimpossiblethatinmytravelssometimeinthefuture,Iwouldgettheseindividuals'help.篇章导读：小时候，母亲让“我〞到“我们〞家附近的路上邀请那些找季节性工作的人来“我〞家吃午饭。“我〞还得捡干牛粪生火，所以“我〞感到心烦。看到“我〞一脸的不悦，母亲批评了“我〞一顿。“我〞认识到，也许有一天，“我〞会需要这些人的帮助。1．instructed考查动词的时态。本空在主语后，空格处需填谓语动词，整篇文章用的是一般过去时，因此应填动词的一般过去式。2．The考查冠词。本空在名词前，填定冠词The，表示特指。3．cooking考查动名词。由空格前的and可知，本空与前面的短语makinganopenfireoutsideatmidday并列，作介词of的宾语，因此填cooking。4．where考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词theveranda为地点名词，是关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此填关系副词where。5．Looking考查现在分词作状语。本空应填现在分词Looking，表示伴随状况。由语境可知，母亲直视着作者的眼睛，问作者为什么因帮助别人而闷闷不乐。6．when考查状语从句。根据句意可知，空格处需填连词when，连接时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候〞。7．Despite/Regardlessof考查介词(短语)。结合语境可知，此处填介词Despite“尽管〞或介词短语Regardlessof“不顾，不管〞。8．saying考查现在分词作状语。mother与say之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。9．suddenly考查副词。空格在动词前，应填副词suddenly作状语，修饰动词。10．it考查代词。代词it用作形式主语，代替后面的that引导的主语从句。Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)[2022·河北武邑调研]假设你是高中三年级的学生李华，你们学校组织了一项“有烦恼向谁说〞的调查活动。请用英语给校报编辑写一封信，反映相关情况。内容包括：调查结果(如下图)、持相应想法的理由及你对调查结果的看法。注意：1.信的开头和结尾已经给出；2．词数100词左右。DearEditor，IamaSeniorThreestudent.Recentlywehavecarriedoutasurvey—“Towhomdoyougowhenintrouble？〞Theresultsareasfollows.____________________________________________________________________________________________________