2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷7

考研外语专家预测过关卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Readingandwritinghavelongbeenthoughtofascomplementaryskills:toreadistorecognizeandinterpretlanguagethathasbeenwritten;towriteistoplanandproducelanguage(1)_____itcanberead.Itisthereforewidely(2)_____thatbeingabletoreadimpliesbeingabletowriter,atleast,beingabletospell.Often,childrenaretaughttoreadbut(3)_____noformaltuitioninspelling;itisfeltthatspellingwillbe"(4)_____up".Theattitudehasits(5)_____inthemethodsof200yearsago,whenteacherscarefullytaughtspelling,andassumedthatreadingwould(6)_____automatically.Recentresearchintospellingerrorsand"slipsofthepen"hasbeguntoshowthatmattersare(7)_____sosimple.Thereisnonecessarylinkbetweenreadingandwriting:goodreadersdonotalways(8)_____goodwriters.Noristhereanynecessarylinkbetweenreadingandspelling:therearemanypeoplewhohaveno(9)_____inreading,butwhohaveamajorpersistent(10)_____inspelling—someresearchershaveestimatedthatthismaybeas(11)_____as2%ofthepopulation.Withchildren,too,thereis(12)_____thatknowledgeofreadingdoesnotautomatically(16)_____tospelling.Ifthere(14)_____acloserelationship,childrenshouldbeabletoreadandspellthe(15)_____words:butthisisnotso.Itis(16)_____tofindchildrenwhocanread(17)_____betterthantheycanspell.Moresurprisingly,the(18)_____happenswithsomechildrenintheearlystagesofreading.Onestudy(19)_____childrenthesamelistofwordstoreadandspell:several(20)_____spelledmorewordscorrectlythantheywereabletoreadcorrectly.

A.inorder

B.for

C.that

D.sothat

2、(2)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.recognized

D.implemented

3、(3)

A.with

B.had

C.given

D.obtained

4、(4)

A.picked

B.gathered

C.found

D.put

5、(5)

A.encounter

B.counterpart

C.cause

D.standard

6、(6)

A.realize

B.reach

C.acquire

D.follow

7、(7)

A.not

B.really

C.exactly

D.precisely

8、(8)

A.achieve

B.answerfor

C.match

D.make

9、(9)

A.fun

B.difficulty

C.interest

D.talent

10、(10)

A.mistake

B.handicap

C.incompetence

D.fracture

11、(11)

A.much

B.many

C.great

D.far

12、(12)

A.assumption

B.reason

C.evidence

D.refer

13、(13)

A.transform

B.translate

C.refer

D.transfer

14、(14)

A.were

B.exists

C.is

D.came

15、(15)

A.same

B.other

C.several

D.correct

16、(16)

A.often

B.frequent

C.popular

D.commonplace

17、(17)

A.very

B.far

C.no

D.any

18、(18)

A.adverse

B.counterpoint

C.reverse

D.insufficiency

19、(19)

A.required

B.told

C.gave

D.demanded

20、(20)

A.actually

B.likely

C.sideways

D.slyly

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Inaninterviewlastmonth,FrankChurch,chairmanoftheSenatecommitteethatisinvestigatingtheCIA,issuedanobliquebutimpassionedwarning,thatthetechnologyofeavesdroppinghadbecomesohighlydevelopedthatAmericansmightsoonbeleftwith"noplacetohide".Thatdaymayhavearrived.Newsweekhaslearnedthatthecountry'smostsecretintelligenceoperation,theNationalSecurityAgency,alreadypossessesthecomputerizedequipmenttomonitornearlyalloverseastelephonecallsandmostdomesticandinternationalprintedmessages.

Theagency'sdevicesmonitorthousandsoftelephonecircuits,cablelinesandthemicrowavetransmissionsthatcarryanincreasingshareofbothspokenandwrittencommunications.Computersareprogrammedtowatchfor"trigger"wordsorphrasesindicatingthatamessagemightinterestintelligenceanalysis,whenthetriggerispulled,entiremessagesaretape-recordedorprintedout.

Thatkindofeavesdroppingis,however,relativelysimplecomparedwiththebreakthroughsthatlieaheadinthefieldofsnoopery.Alreadyitistechnicallyfeasibleto"bug"anelectrictypewriterbypickingupitsfeebleelectronicemissionsfromaremotelocationandthentranslatingthemintowords.Andsomescientistsbelievethatitmaybepossibleinthefutureforremoteelectronicequipmenttointerceptand"read"humanbrainwaves.

Wheresuchcapabilitiesexist,sotoodoesthepotentialforabuse.Itistheoldstoryoftechnologyrushingforwardwithsomenewwonder,beforethemanwhosupposedlycontrolthemachineshavefigureouthowtopreventthemachinesfromcontrollingthem.

Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FightAgainstEavesdropping

B.ANewBreakthrouth

C.NoPlacetoHide

D.AnImpassionedWarning

2、

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobebugged?

A．Internationaltelephonecalls.

B．Internationalprintedmessages.

C．Domesticprintedmessages.

D．Electrictypewriters.

3、

ThewarninggivenbyFrankChurchis______.

A．indirectbutenthusiastic

B．directbutpassionate

C．ambiguousbutcalm

D．definitebutindifferent

4、

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardseavesdropping?

A．Admiration.

B．Worry.

C．Fury.

D．Unconcern.

5、

Itcanbeinferredthat______.

A．manwilleventuallybecontrolledbymachines

B．machineswilleventuallybecontrolledbyman

C．manissometimesdeceivedbymachines

D．machinesoftenrushintohumanbrains

6、Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirproduct'smanifestadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers'seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch'sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,constructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburger,carrots,bread,bakingpowder,cannedpeaches,andpotatoes,withthebrandsoramountsspecified.Theseventhitem,infifthplaceonbothlists,read"1lb.MaxwellHouseCoffee"ononelistand"NestleInstantCoffee"ontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachoneinagroupoffiftywomen,andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe,asfarastheycould,thekindofwomen("personalityandcharacter")whowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhand,onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlist,aslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstant-coffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.

Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplesaidtheydidn'tlikeinstantcoffeebecause______.

A.ithadmanydisadvantages

B.theydidn'twanttobelazyhousewivesandpoorplanners

C.theydidn'tlikeitstaste

D.itwasspoiledbytoomuchadvertising

7、

Whichofthefollowingwasconfirmedbythemotivationstudies?

A.Instantcoffeewasstronglyresistedinthemarketplaces.

B.Theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.

C.Theremightbedeeperreasonsintheresistancetoinstantcoffee.

D.Itwasalazyhousewifewhousedinstantcoffee.

8、

Howmanyitemswereincludedineachshoppingfist?

A.6

B.7

C.12

D.14

9、

Whichofthefollwingstatementsistrueabouttheresultofthetest?

A.Nearlyhalfofthewomentesteddescribedtheinstantcoffeeuseralazyhousewifeandapoorplanner.

B.Aboutfiftypercentofthewomenwerelazy.

C.25%thewomentestedbelievedthatwiveswhousedinstantcoffeewerelazy.

D.Wiveswhousedregularcoffeeweregoodplanners.

10、

Accordingtothepassage,manywomenpreferredregularcoffeetoinstantcoffeebecause______.

A.regularcoffeetastedbetterthaninstantcoffee

B.theyintentedtodosomethingthehardway

C.theyfeltunconciouslyashamedofprepairinginstantcoffee

D.theydon'tliketochangetheirwayofdoingthings

11、GeorgeBernardShaw(1856—1950)wasborninDublin,Ireland.Attheageof14,aftergraduatingfrommiddleschool,Shawwasputintoajobasclerkinalandagent'soffice.At20hewenttoLondonwhereheremainedjoblessfor9years,devotingmuchtimetoself-education.Meantime,Shawtookanactivepartinthesocialistmovement.AcontemporaryofShaw'sthuswroteofhim:"IusedtobeadailyfrequenteroftheBritishMuseumReadingRoom.Evenmoreassiduousinhisattendancewasayoungman.Mycuriositywaspiquedbytheoddconjunctionofhissubjectsofresearch.Dayafterdayforweekshehadbeforehimtwobooks—KarlMarx's'DasKapital'(inFrench),andanorchestralscore(管弦乐乐谱)of'TristanandIsolde'".

ThoughShawadmittedMarx'sgreatinfluenceonhim,hefailedtograspthenecessityofarevolutionaryreconstructionoftheworld.AstronginfluencewasexercisedonShawbytheFabiansociety,theEnglishreformistorganization.

Intheearlyperiodofhisliterarycareer,Shawwrotesomenovels,"AnUnsocialSocialist"andothers,inwhichhedevelopedthetraditionsofcriticalrealism,bitterlycriticizingthestupidity,snobbishnessandpettytyrannyofthemiddleclass.IntheninetiesShawturnedtothetheatre,firstworkingasadramaticcritic,thenwritingplaysforthestage.Hisroleinthedevelopmentofdramaturgyisverygreat.Shawwasanenemyof"artforart'ssake".Hewrote,"forart'ssakeIwillnotfacethetoilofwritingasentence".Heusedthestagetocriticizetheevilsofcapitalism.Hewrote51playsintotal,theimportantonesincluding"Widower'sHouses","SaintJoan"and"TheAppleCart".InhisplaysShawlaidbarethegrossinjusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeoissociety.Thisheachievednotsomuchbythestructuresofplotsinhisplaysasbythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharacters.HisexposureofcapitalistsocietyisverysignificantanditplacesShawamongthemostimportantrepresentativesofcriticalrealisminmodernEnglishliterature.

TheinferencewecandrawfromwhatacontemporaryofShaw'sisthat______.

A.hewasmorediligentthanShaw

B.hewasafriendofShaw's

C.ShawoncemadeacarefulstudyofMarx'sworks

D.Shawoncecomposedanorchestralscore

12、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesecondparagraph?

A.ShawwasnotinfluencedbyMarx,anymorethanhewasinfluencedbytheFabiansociety.

B.TheinfluenceoftheFabiansocietyonShawexceededMarx'sinfluenceonhim.

C.ShawadmittedthathewasinfluencedbybothMarxandtheFabiansocietytosomeextent.

D.Marx'sgreatinfluenceonShawsurpassedthatofFabiansocietyonhim.

13、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?

A.AnUnsocialSocialististypicalofShaw'snovels.

B.Shawleft51playsforhisreaders.

C.Shawfirstworkedasadramaticcriticforhisliterarycareer.

D.Shawtookastrongstandagainstthetrendof"artforart'ssake".

14、

Inhisplays,Shawachievedtheexposureofcapitalistsociety______.

A.byeitherthestructuresofplotsorthebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharacters

B.bythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharactersbetterthanbythestructuresofplots

C.byboththebrilliantplotsanddialoguesequally

D.bythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharactersinsteadofbythestructuresofplots

15、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Inhisteens,Shawtookanactivepartinthesocialistmovement.

B.Inhistwenties,Shawwasoutofworkfor9years.

C.Inhisworks,Shawspokeforthesocialismmovementbycriticizingtheevilsofcapitalism.

D.Inhisnineties,Shawturnedtothetheatre.

16、Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingawarenessoftheinadequaciesofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStates.Costsarestaggeringbothforthetaxpayersandthelitigants—andthelitigants,orparties,havetowaitsometimesmanyyearsbeforehavingtheirdayincourt.Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeconcerningmethodsofamelioratingthesituation,butasinmostbranchesofgovernment,changescomeslowly.

Onesuggestionthathasbeenmadeinordertomaximizetheefficiencyofthesystemistoallowdistrictsthathaveanoverabundanceofpendingcasestoborrowjudgesfromotherdistrictsthatdonothavesuchabacklog.Anothersuggestionistousepretrialconferences,inwhichthejudgemeetsinhischamberswiththelitigantsandtheirattorneysinordertonarrowtheissues,limitthewitnesses,andprovideforamoreorderlytrial.Thetheorybehindpretrialconferencesisthatjudgeswillspendleastimeoneachcaseandpartieswillmorereadilysettlebeforetrialwhentheyrealizetheadequacyoftheirclaimsandtheiropponents'evidence.Unfortunately,atleastonestudyhasshownthatpretrialconferencesactuallyusemorejudicialtimethantheysave,rarelyresultinpretrialsettlements,andactuallyresultinhigherdamagesettlements.

Manystateshavenowestablishedanothermethod,small-claimscourts,inwhichcasesoversmallsumsofmoneycanbedisposedofwithconsiderabledispatch.Suchproceedingscostthelitigantsalmostnothing.InCalifornia,forexample,thepartiesmustappearbeforethejudgewithouttheassistanceofcounsel.Theproceedingsarequiteinformalandthereisnopleading—thelitigantsneedtomakeonlyaone-sentencestatementoftheirclaim.Bygoingtothistypeofcourt,theplaintiffwaivesanyrighttoajurytrialandtherighttoappealthedecision.

Incomingyears,wecanexpecttoseemoreandmoreinnovationsinthecontinuingefforttoremedyasituationwhichmustberemediedifthecitizenswhohavevalidclaimsaregoingtobeabletohavetheirdayincourt.

Thepretrialconference,intheory,issupposedtodoallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

A.narrowtheissues

B.causeearlysettlements

C.savejudicialtime

D.increasesettlementcosts

17、

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.AllstatesshouldfollowCalifornia'sexampleinusingsmall-claimscourtsinordertofreejudgesforotherwork.

B.Thelegislatureneedstoformulatefewerlawssothatthejudiciarycancatchuponitsoldercases.

C.Nobodyseemstocareenoughtoattempttofindmethodsformakingthejudicialsystemmoreefficient.

D.Whiletherearemanyproblemswiththecourtsystem,thereareviablesuggestionsforimprovement.

18、

Thewordlitigantsmeansmostnearly______.

A.jurymembers

B.commentators

C.partiesinalawsuit

D.taxpayers

19、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutsmall-claimscourts?

A.Itispossibletohaveone'scaseheardbyajuryifheorsheisdissatisfiedwiththecourt'sdecision.

B.Thelitigantsmustpleadaccuratelyandaccordingtoastrictform.

C.Thedecisionmaynotbeappealedtoahighercourt.

D.Thepartiesmaynotpresenttheircaseswithoutanattorney'shelp.

20、

Whatcanweassumefromthepassage?

A.Mostpeoplewhofeeltheyhavebeenwrongedhaveareadyremedyincourtsoflaw.

B.Manypeoplewouldliketobringacasetocourt,butareunabletobecauseofthecostandtimerequired.

C.ThejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesishighlyacclaimedforitsefficiency.

D.Pretrialconferenceswillsomedayprobablyhavereplacedtrialscompletely.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Inthelate1960'smanypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.(41)______.

Skyscrapersarealsolavishconsumers,andwastersofelectricpower.Inonerecentyear,theadditionof17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNewYorkCityraisedthepeakdailydemandforelectricityby120,000kilowatts—enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbany,NewYork,foraday.

(42)______..Theheatloss(orgain)throughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalmasonrywallfilledwithinsulationboard.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioningequipment,buildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedoubleglazedpanelsofglass,andreflectiveglassescoatedwithsilverorgoldmirrorfilmsthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.However,mirror-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings.

(43)______.Iffullyoccupied,thetwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldalonegenerate2.25milliongallonsofrawsewageeachyear—asmuchasacitythesizeofStanford,Connecticut,whichhasapopulationofmorethan109,000.

Skyscrapersalsointerferewithtelevisionreception,blockbirdflyways,andobstructairtraffic.(44)______.

(45)______.

A.Glass-walledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful.

B.Tallbuildingsareaninevitablebuildingform.andpartofthecontemporarylandscape.

C.InBostoninthelate1960's,somepeopleevenfearedthatshadowsfromskyscraperswouldkillthegrassonBostonCommon.

D.Skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity'ssanitationfacilities,too.

E.Still,peoplecontinuetobuildskyscrapersforallthereasonsthattheyhavealwaysbuiltthem—personalambition,civicpride,andthedesireofownerstohavethelargestpossibleamountofrentablespace.

F.Someoftheseideasmaysoonappearinthecityasamoreholisticapproachistakeninbalancingenvironmentalandsocialfactorswiththeeconomicsofbuildingdevelopment.

G.Ecologistspointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoftenoverburdenspublictransportationandparkinglotcapacities.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Accordi