高三语法专题复习之名词学案

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欢迎下载高三语专复习之词案上节回顾：就近原则：就远原则：本节内容导入：一、专有名词名词单数二普通名词词

个体名词集体名词复合名词

一、可数名物质名词

名词复数抽象名词名词本节知识点讲解：定义：名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。一、可数名词变复数1)一般情况下，直接加-s例如：book-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-beds2)以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，读作【】1页

二、不可数

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欢迎下载例如：bus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesbrush-brushes3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加es.例如：family-familiesstrawberry-strawberrieslibrary-librariesdictionary-dictionaries而以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s：toy-toysmonkey-monkeys4)以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加es，例如：life-livesself-selvesknife-knivesleaf-leavesthief-thieveshalf-havesself-selvesshelf-shelvesloaf-loaveswolf-wolves等。巧记忆：勇敢的妻子(wife)，拿了一把刀(knife)自己(self)把狼(wolf)杀死了，救回小牛(calf)半(half)条命(，又把躲在葡萄架子(shelf)的叶子(leaf)中的小偷(thief)抓住了也有直接加s的单词：roof-roofsbelief-beliefsproof-proofschief-chiefs5)以o结尾，大部分情况下直接加s，但是有特殊情况：例如hero-heroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes（英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆）piano-pianosphoto-photos6)特殊变化的名词：例如：man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-mice(鼠)child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth2页

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欢迎下载7)单复数同形的名词：例如：fish鱼deer鹿sheep绵羊works（工厂）means手段8)复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数；例如：passer-by变为passers-by过路人looker-on变为lookers-by旁观者注意：一些以man,woman结尾的合成词，在变复数时与man,woman的变化形式相同。例如：policeman/policemen(警察)，Englishman/Englishmen(国人)9)不同国家的人的单复数A.以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s.例如：Americans,Asians,Russians,Australians,Italians,GermansB.特殊：英国人和法国人要将man变为men例如：Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen巧记：中日瑞士不用变，英法国人man变men其余一律加s10)有一些名词只有复数形式：trousers裤子pants裤子shorts短裤glasses眼镜compasses圆规scales天平chopsticks子clothes服goods，物contents目录sands沙滩surroundings环境belongings财产earnings收入manners礼貌11)集体名词的数3页

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欢迎下载A.集体名词侧重于成员时表示复数意义不再变复数形式侧重整体时表示单数意义例如：classfamilyteampublicarmygovernmentB.只表示复数意义的集体名词：people人，人们police警察cattleThegroup______madeupofninestudents.Thegroup______dancinghappily.Theteam______somegoodplayers.Theteam_______handsome.Myfamilyabigone.AllmyfamilyinChinanow.总结：集体名词做主语，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果看成其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。12)名词作定语作定语的名词通常用单数；sport作定语时用复数man和woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。例如：aboystudent—boystudentsabanana→bananatreesashoefactory→shoefactoriessportsmeeting巩固练习：填入所给名词的正确形式：1)Ihavetwo_____(knife)2)Therearemany_____here.(box)4页

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欢迎下载3)Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4)Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5)The_____areplayingfootballnow.(child)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空：1．Lookatthose_______.(child)2．Icanseea__________standingnearthedoor.(policeman)3．Doyouwantsome________fordinner?(potato)4．Inautumn,youcanseealotof_______ontheground.(leaf)5．Hehastwo_______.Oneisblue,theotherisyellow.(box)6．Two________liveinthisbuilding.(family)写出下列单词的复数：watch_________child_________photo________diary_________day_________foot________book___________dress________tooth_______sheep__________box__________strawberry_____thief_______peach__________sandwich______man_________woman_________小结：二、常见不可数名词（必背）：（建议）fun（乐趣homework（家庭作业information（信息）sugar（糖）5页

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欢迎下载fruit（水果）news（新闻）paper（纸）progress（进步）trouble（麻烦）furniture（家具）traffic（交通）weather（天气）wealth（财富work工作value（价值）看似复数实际是不可数名词：newspoliticsmathsphysics

新闻政治数学物理1.Nonews______goodnews.(be)2.Ithinkmathsveryimportant.注意：一般说来，抽象名词、物质名词为不可数名词，但当它们表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化。如：抽象名词（不可数）insurprise惊讶地winsuccess获得成功winhonor赢得荣誉byexperience靠经验youth青春withpleasure乐意

具体化（个体名词，可数名词）asurprise一件令人惊讶的事asuccess一个()功的人(事)anhonor一件引以为荣的事anexperience一次经历ayouth一个青年人apleasure乐事havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情6页

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欢迎下载【典例6】改错：Oh,John.Whatpleasantsurpriseyougaveus!三、既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：chickenroom

小鸡/鸡肉房间/空间；位置work

作品/

工作paperglasstimewoodfishexercise

论文;报纸/纸玻璃杯/玻璃次；倍/时间树林/木头鱼/鱼肉练习/运动；锻炼light

灯/

光fruit(各种)水果/水果四、名词的数量修饰语：many/severalafew/fewquiteafew+可数名词anumberofmanya+单数可数名词muchalargeamountof+不可数名词7页

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欢迎下载alittle(little)some、any、enoughplentyofalotof+可数or不可数名词一）用some或any填空:1.Icansee_____birdsinthetree.2.Thereisn’t_____orangejuiceinmybottle.Pleasegiveme_____.3.—Doyouhave_____picture-books?—No,Idon’thave_____.ButIhave_____story4.—Isthere_____riceinthebag?—No,thereisn’t_____.5.—Arethere_____boysintheclassroom?—No,butthereare_____girlsinit.6.—WhichonecanItake?—Youmaytake_____oneofthem.7.—Wouldyoulike_____fruitjuice,please?—No.I’dlike_____tea.8.Ifyouhave_____questions,pleaseputupyourhands.9.MayIaskyou_____questions,MissWang?10.Canyousee_____bikesunderthetree?小结：二）afew/few/alittle/little练习题:1.Thereis_______waterintheglass.Let'sgoandgetsome.A.fewB.muchC.manyD.little2.Westill’ttobuyA.B.C.D.8页

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欢迎下载alittle3.Iamnewhere.SoIhave_______friendshere.A.B.C.D.alittle4.I’m_______thirsty.CanIgetsomethingtodrink,mom?A.B.C.D.alittle5.Thereis_______moneyinmypocket,soIcan’tbuyanythingnow.A.B.C.D.alittle6.Hehas_______friendshere,hefeelslonely(独地).A.B.C.D.alittle7.Ienjoymylifehere.Ihave_______friendsandwemeetquiteoften.A.B.C.D.alittle8Thelakeisnotnear,therearegoingswimmingthere.A.B.C.D.alittle9.Thetwinscanspeakonly_______French.A.B.C.D.alittle10.Let'sgoandhaveadrink.Westillhave_______timebeforethetrain9页

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欢迎下载leaves.A.B.C.D.alittle11.Pleasewaitjust_______minutes;I'mgoingtocleanmyselfup.A.B.C.D.alittle12._______OnlyhistellA.B.C.D.alittle13.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihave_______wordstosay.A.B.C.D.alittle14.Canyougethere_______earliernexttime?A.B.C.D.alittle15.Nowbequietfor_______minutesandlistentothis.A.B.C.D.alittle16.Thereis_______inkinmybottle,canyougiveme_______ink?A.few,afewB.little,alittleC.alittle,littleD.alittle,alittle小结：三）toomuch(many)太多10

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欢迎下载toomuch修饰不可数名词，还可以用来修饰动词。toomany修饰可数名词的复数形式。muchtoo是“很、太”的意思，用来修饰形容词或副词。例如：Heshouldn’twalktoomuch.Tomhastoomanybooksinhisroom.Thiswatchismuchtoodear.1.---Youshouldn'teat______meatbecauseit'sbadforyourhealth.---Thanks.Andeatingalotwillmakemelook_______fat.A．muchtooB．toomuchC．manytooD．toomany2---Mum,thesoupis_______salty.---Sorry,dear.I'veput_______saltinit,A．toomuch;alot．muchtoo;alot．manytoo;alotofD.muchtoo;toomuch3.Today，_____treesarestillbeingcutdownsomewhereintheworld．A．muchtooB．muchC．manytooD．toomany4.Look！There's_____iceonthelake．A．toomuchB．tooC．alotD.toomany5.Thesweaterisverybeautiful，butit's_____dear．A．toomuchB．muchtooC．manyD．more6.Theseshoesaremuchtoo_____formeA．bigB．biggerC．biggestD．thebiggest11

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欢迎下载注意：toomuch也可以作为名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：ToomuchwashappeningallatonceYouhavegivenmetoomuch小结：四）不可数名词不能与数词连用，其数量需要借助一定的单位词表示：1.借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词apieceofpaper

一张纸apieceofadvice一条建议apieceofnews2.借助表示容量的词

一条新闻apieceofchalk

一支粉笔abottleofink一瓶墨水acupofteaabowlofrice一碗米饭aglassofbeer3.借助表示重量的词

一杯茶一杯啤酒akiloofsalt4.借助表示形状的词

一公斤盐tentonsofcoal十吨煤adropofwater

一滴水agrainofsand

一粒沙注意piece/pair+名词”之类的结构作主语时谓语通常与“piece/pair”的数保持一致。例如：Thereisapieceofbreadonthetable.子上有一片面包。Therearepiecesofbreadonthetable.子上有几片面包。总结：如何表示不可数名词的量？五、名词所有格12

分类

学习必备欢迎下载构成及用法不以s结尾的名词和以s结尾的单数名词在词尾直接加’s。以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’。

例句Tony’sstory汤尼的故事theboss’svoicethestudents’books学生们的书’s所有格（表示人或其他有生命的东西的所有格形式）

表示几个人共同拥有某人或物时，仅在最后一个名词词尾加’s表示各自所有时，每个名词词尾都要加’s。

HelenandJane’smother海伦和简的母亲(两人共同的母亲)Helen’sandJane’smothers海伦的母亲和简的母亲(两人各自的母亲，两个母亲表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。表示具体的时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加’s构成所有格。

myaunt’s我姑姑家thebarber’s理发店aweek’stime一周的时间China’spopulation中国的人口13

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欢迎下载thelegsofthedesk桌腿of所有格

表示无生命的东西的所有格形式。adogofmyneighbor’sof+’s所有格我邻居的狗双重所有格afriendofmineof＋名词性物主代词我的一个朋友注意：要特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格：thekeytothelock，thekeytothedoor，thekeytothequestiontheanswertothequestion，thelid(盖子)totheboxtheentrancetotheweddingthesolutiontotheproblem【典例精析】1.My___________skirtisonthechair.A.sisters’B.sisterC.sistersD.sister’s2.—Whoseroomisthis?—It’s___________.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLily’s3.___________fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.14

学习必备A.JackandMike’sC.JackandMike

欢迎下载B.Jack’sandMike’sD.Jack’sandMike4.—Howfarisyourhomefromschool?—It’sabouttwo___________walk.A.hours

B.hours’C.hour’sD.hour小结：六、构词法——名词动词变名词主要的几种后缀（1）后加(t)ion,表示“行为或状态”collection，invitationinformationexhibitionattractionpollution，solution（2）后加ment,表示“行为或结果”achievementmanagement，requirement，statement，developmentequipment，disagreement，advertisement，appointment（3）后加er/or,表示“......的人”reporterwaiterinterviewerplayer，，，visitordirectorinventor（4）后加-ant,示“......的人”。如assistant，，merchant（5）后加ist,表示“......专家事......的人”，pianist，artist，scientist（6）后加ian/-an,表示“有......特征的于......的人”，historian，physician15

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欢迎下载（7）后加ice,表示“行为，性质，状态”。如notice，justice，service，choice（8）后加dom,表示“集体，领域，状态”。如：，kingdomwisdom高考精萃1．—Whytbuyasecondhandcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood________(suggest)2．Her________(motive)forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.3Imademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith________(patient)．4．WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopeda________(tasty)forfineart.5．My________(impress)ofheayoungman.6．—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well,youknow,Englishismy________(strong)．itismybestchoice.7．You'dofthatforfuture________(refer)．8．Your________(perform)asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.9．upmyjobtogobacktofulltimeeducationwasabig________(commit),butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.16

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欢迎下载10.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional______(competent)11．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond________(recognize)．12.Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovide________(accommodate)forthehomelessfamilies.13．Thehelpyoutalkthroughyourdon'tgiveyouanydirect________(solve)．答案与解析1．suggestion

句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话，为什么不先买辆二手车呢？——那个建议不错据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式，设空处前有不定冠词，故设空处填suggestion2．motivation

句意：她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词was，故设空处需用名词单数形式。3．patience

句意：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。设空处前面为介词with，故应填写名词patience(心)。4．taste故填taste。

句意：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词后加名词，5．impression

句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。myfirst修饰名词，所以填impress的名词形式。6．strength

句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道英语是我的强项因此这是我最好的选择后接名词所以此处填的名词形式，strength长处。7．reference

句意：为了以后参考，你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。17

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欢迎下载reference参考。8performance

句意如果你能养成一种经常思考如何学习的习惯那作为一名学生，你的表现会很优秀。设空处前面是形容词性物主代词your故此处应填动词perform的名词形式performance(表现)。9．commitment

句意：放弃工作重返校园接受全日制的教育对我来说是个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。冠词修饰名词，故填commitment(承诺，许诺，保证；已承诺或同意的事。10．competence

句意：教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业能力。设空处前面是形容词，故需要填一个名词competence(力，技能)。11．recognition

句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。beyond为介词后加名词，故recognition认出，承认。12．accommodation

句意：地震之后，当地政府做的第一件事是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境theearthquake)可知，对thehomelessfamilies首先应当提供的是住处。后接名词作宾语，故填accommodation。13solution

句意学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题但是他们不会给有词give，填词solution(解决方法)来作give的宾语。课堂总结：家庭作业一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.AfterlivinginQuanzhouforfiveyears,shehasdevelopedquitean________(affect)forthecity.2．Ifayoungmanwantsthetoadifferentcity18

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欢迎下载infutureyears,heshouldkeeprentinginsteadofbuyingahouse.3．Mr.Lihassometroublesleeping,sodrinkingaglassofmilkbeforegoingtobedeverynightishiscommon________.(practise)4．—We'vebeendestroyinglotsofforestseveryyear.—Whatashame!We'llbethe________(victim)ofourownfoolishbehavior.5．Thepolicetryingfindthe________(identify)ofthemurderedinthebathroom.6Hedidn'tmakeanappearanceatallinyesterday's________(negotiate).Whathappenedtohim?7．—I'mgoingtoApplebytomorrow.—Whata________(coincident)!I'mgoinguptheretoo.8．—HowcanItakethemedicine,sir?—Justfollowthe________(direct)onthebottle.9Asenseof________(devote)isthebasicrequirementforpeopleworkingintheserviceindustry,suchaseducationandhealthcare.10．—Areyoupreparedforthecominginterview?—Ofcourse.all,somequestionscanbeyondanddifficulttoanswer.答案与解析1affection

句意泉州居住了五年后经完全喜欢上了这个城市。affection喜爱，钟爱。2flexibility

句意如果一个年轻人想要在未来的几年里可以随意搬到19

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欢迎下载不同的城市，他应该租房而不是买房。flexibility弹性，灵活性。3．practice

句意：李先生睡眠有些问题，所以每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他的惯例。practice惯常做法，常规。commonpractice惯例。4．victims

句意：——我们每年都破坏大量森林。——太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受害者。注意主语表示复数，故答案也需是复数形式。5．identity

句意：警方正试图弄清浴室里被谋杀女人的身份。冠词后需为名词，本空应填identity身份。6negotiation

句意昨天的谈判上他根本没有露面发生什么事了？根据yesterday's可知，设空处需要填一个名词，故答案是(协商、谈判)。7．coincidence

句意：——我明天打算去阿普比。——太巧了！我也打算去那里。本题考查名词。冠词后需用名词形式。8．directions

句意：——医生，这个药怎么服用？——就遵照瓶子上的说明即可。directions用法说明，followthedirections遵循说明。9．devotion

句意：对于从事像教育、医疗这样的服务业的人们来说，具有奉献意识是最基本的要求设空处的前面是介词故应填名词devotion(奉献，忠心)。10．expectation

句意：——你准备好即将到来的面试了吗？——当然准备好了。毕竟一些问题可能会出乎意料，很难回答beyondexpectation出乎意料。二、完形填空Ihavetwofriendswholovebackpacking.TheyspentalotoftimeinapartofNewYorkState'sAdirondackMountains.It2146mountainswithaheightofover4,000feet.TheAdirondackMountainClubgives22recognition,andanaward,toanyonewho23all46mountains.Mytwo20

学习必备friendsdecidedtogoforthisaward.

欢迎下载Nowwhatyouhavetounderstandisthat24manyofthe46mountainshavewell-marked25totheirsummits山顶,othersarenotmarkedatall.haveto"bushwhack(在丛林中开路)"usingcompassandmap.Myfriendshadclimbed45ofthemountains.Theyhadone26—it27requiringbushwhacking.Ahikingpastbaseofthemountain,butfromthatpointtheywereontheirown.Earlyonelefttheir28andfiveonthehikingpathtothebaseofachainofmountains.Whentheyarrived,they29thattheyhadcompassmapbackcamp.Ratherthan30thecamp,theydecidedtobushwhackwithoutthecompassandmap.Forhours31enduringheat,bush,blackflies.32,lateintheafternoontheyfoundthemselvesatthe33ofamountainsuccessfully.Theywereexhaustedbut34.Thefeelingwasshort-lived,however.Whentheylookedacrossthevalley,they35mountain.Theythe36one!Itwastoo37thatweekendtoputtheirerrorright.Theyhadto38anotherfourmonthstoclimbtherightmountain.Thisstory39usalesson.inlifeweputinaefforttoreachagoal.Butwithouttheright"map"and"compass",itis40toget"lost".21.A.goesthroughB.consistsofC.reliesonD.connectsto22.A.specialB.similarC.normalD.general23.A.describesB.drawsC.observesD.climbs24.A.whileB.sinceC.becauseD.unless25.A.pathsB.riversC.viewsD.avenues21

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欢迎下载26.A.occupiedB.leftC.desertedD.missed27.A.interestingB.changeableC.reachableD.remote28.A.houseB.roomC.campD.yard29.A.ignoredB.discoveredC.sensedD.explained30.A.departingB.toC.toD.goingfor31.A.jumpedB.wanderedC.ranD.walked32.A.ImmediatelyB.SurelyC.FinallyD.Hopefully33.A.bottomB.topC.slopeD.base34.A.embarrassedB.movedC.disturbedD.excited35.A.admiredB.checkedC.sawD.appreciated36.A.strangeB.wrongC.distantD.steep37.A.lateB.dangerousC.puzzlingD.helpless38.A.saveB.waitC.gainD.put39.A.sendsB.tellsC.recommendsD.teaches40.A.easyB.hardC.annoyingD.Discouraging答案：BADAABDCBCDCBDCBABDA三、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式22

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欢迎下载WorldReadDayiseachtheWednesdayofMarch.It41_______(start)bytheLitWwebsitein2019andhasnowreached65countries.42aimistoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Thewebsiteaskseveryone43(celebrate)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite44(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasksvisitorstojoininthemovementtoreduce45numberofilliterate(不字)peopleintheworld.Itis46(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocannotread.Thewebsitesays,"It'stimetostartbyreadingaloudto47________mightlikeit.Shareabookwhomightawithwhotreasureit,listenpatiently48someoneelse'sstoryastheysharewithyou."TheUnitedNationssays,"Literacyinvolvesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,49toparticipatefullyinsociety."thatway,ReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea50(different).答案：41.wasstarted42.its/the43.Tocelebrate44.belongs45.the46.absolutely47.whoever48.to49.and50.difference四、短文改错（共10小题；每题1分，满分分）AforeignstudentgraduatedwithhonorsfromafinelyuniversityinGermany.Heexpectedtofindagoodjobandhaveabrightfuture.Butin23

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