高中英语Unit1FriendshipLearningaboutLanguage学案新人教版必修

PAGEPAGE1Unit1FriendshipLearningaboutLanguage直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)【语法感知】观察上面对话,完成下列句子:1.“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.安妮说:“我不想在日记中记流水账。”→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.

2.“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisteraskedher.安妮的姐姐问她:“你怎么称呼你的日记?”→Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.

【语法精讲】直接引语将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内。引语前常使用逗号,而不是冒号;引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写间接引语用自己的话对别人的话进行转述,不用加引号。间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化*“Ifeelthathappinessisachievedthroughhardwork,”PresidentXisaid.(引号内为直接引语)→PresidentXisaidthathefeltthathappinesswasachievedthroughhardwork.(第一个that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则一、人称变化的三原则1.“第一人称随主”原则:如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。2.“第二人称随宾”原则:如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。3.“第三人称不更新”原则:如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.

(2)Isaidtohim,“Youhavemadethemistakeagain.”→Itoldhimthathehadmadethemistakeagain.

(3)MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.

二、时态的变化(以主句为过去时为例)1.一般情况直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时*Mothersaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”→MothersaidthatJackwasagoodboy.*“Ihaven’theardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary.→Marysaidthatshehadn’theardfromherparentsthosedays.*Theysaid,“Wecaughtthethiefinthestreet.”→Theysaidthattheyhadcaughtthethiefinthestreet.2.直接引语变间接引语,时态无变化的情况(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言;*Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.*Myteachersaidtousyesterday,“Earlybirdscatchworms.”昨天我的老师对我们说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms.昨天我的老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。*Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.

(2)Shesaid,“Iwillgotoseemyfriend.”→Shesaidshewouldgotoseeherfriend.

(3)Shesaid,“IhadcalledhimbeforeIcamehere.”→Shesaidthatshehadcalledhimbeforeshewentthere.

(4)Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.

三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化类型直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month...)thatweek(month...)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month...)theweek(month...)beforetwoweeks(months...)agotwoweeks(months...)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month...)thenextweek(month...)地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake*Thegirlsaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thegirlsaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.*Davidsaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→Davidsaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.*Bobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”→Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore/earlier.【名师点津】不变化的特例上面的变化要根据说话的实际情况来定,不能机械照搬。假如就在当地转述,here就不必改为there。如果就在当天转述,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语(1)Shesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”→Shesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.

(2)Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.

(3)Shesaid,“Iwillgotheretomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.

(4)Thecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”→Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays’time.

四、句子结构的变化1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。主句谓语“saidtosb.”常改为“toldsb.”。*Hesaid,“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.*Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引导。如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。*“Doyouthinkadiarycanbecomeyourfriend?”thewritersays.→Thewriterasksusifwethinkadiarycanbecomeourfriend.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导。*“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhenshewenttobedthenightbefore.【名师点津】直接引语为疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。【巧学助记】巧记“直”变“间”陈述句变间接引语:去掉引号加that。一般疑问句变间接引语:去掉引号加if/whether,陈述语序要记住。特殊疑问句变间接引语:直接去引号,陈述莫忘掉,小心助动词,丢它最重要。以上变化请牢记,时态人称和状语,小心变化别马虎。【即学活用】同义句转换(1)Theboysaid,“Iwastalkingwhentheteachercamein.”→Theboysaid(that)hewastalkingwhentheteachercamein.

(2)“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”heasked.→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.

(3)“HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jimasked.→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语1.Thelocalreportersaid,“Theforeignershavearrivedatthesceneoftheaccident.”→Thelocalreportersaidthattheforeignershadarrivedatthesceneoftheaccident.

2.MaryaskedJohn,“Canyoucomeandhelpmewatermyflowers?”→MaryaskedJohnwhether/ifhecouldgoandhelpherwaterherflowers.

3.TheteacheraskedPeter,“Whydidn’tyouattendthefirstclassthismorning?”→TheteacheraskedPeterwhyhehadn’tattendedthefirstclassthatmorning.

4.Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthcirclesroundthesunallthetime.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthcirclesroundthesunallthetime.

5.Theyoungmansaidtome,“Iwasbornin1990.”→Theyoungmantoldmethathewasbornin1990.

6.Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidthathewasgoingtoplaybasketballthenextday.

7.Motheraskedme,“Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkby9o’clocklastnight?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomeworkby9o’clockthenightbefore.

8.Hesays,“Iboughtyouabookyesterday.”→Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.

Ⅱ.完成句子1.Iaskedhimwhether/ifhewouldstayathomethatnight.

我问他那个晚上是否将待在家里。2.MrSmithsaidthatChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

史密斯先生说中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。3.JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.

杰克在街上碰到约翰的时候问他正要往哪里去。4.Kateaskedwhethermysisterlikedthebluedress.

凯特问我的妹妹是否喜欢这条蓝色的裙子。5.“Wheredoeshelivenow?”Motheraskedme.

“他现在住在哪里?”妈妈问我。6.Hetoldhismotherthatifhehadenoughtime,hewouldgoswimming.

他告诉他的母亲如果有足够的时间,他会去游泳。7.HeaskeduswhetherTomhadleftthatdayorthedaybefore.

他问我们汤姆是那天还是前一天离开的。8.Hesaidtome,“Ileftthebookinyourroom.”

他对我说:“我把书留在你的房间里了。”9.FatheraskedPeter,“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”

父亲问彼得:“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的?”10.Thel