船长大副英文面试问题及参考答案

船长面试问题及参考答案

船长是船上最重要的职位，也是各方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考

核最认真，最浪费时间，也是最复杂的。作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上

工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极

佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前

树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最

长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、

各种具体商务和技术问题等等。

下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中的部分问题，不但船长必备，

其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。

1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationbackground?

PleaserefertoanMaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.

实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会

培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。

2.Whatisaclassificationsociety?Whatisthepurposeof

classificationsurvey?Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesin

theworld.

Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarries

outclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys([船舶]法定检验.[sttjutri]),

surveysrelatedtonotariesmattersforships,offshoreinstallations,

marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipment.Italsoprovides

safetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheir

ships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationof

ashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.

Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事协会)，

CCS(Chineseclassificationsociety),ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),

90910381.docPage1of51

LR（BritishLloyd英国劳氏），GL（GermanLloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korean）,RINA（意大

利船级社）。

3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsworkedonboard?

Pleaserefertoanmaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.

实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你口头介绍的资历

的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租

船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。

4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?

曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他

的一条船交给你时，对你是运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某

种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输中需要注意的事项有所了

解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。

下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：

Bulkcargo:cement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorusrock,

potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.Ureafertilizer,lime

Generalcargo:vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mine

equipment,steelconstructionmaterial.

Other:log,plywood,container,andsoon.

5.Wherewasyourlastvessel9stradingarea?Whichportshaveyoucalled?

IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedeveloping

countriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanal,and

DenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.Nagoya;

Oita;Tobata;Osaka;mu;Dampier;Walcoot;Gladstone;Haypoint;Merkey;Hedland

Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas:全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,

globally,worldwide;固定航线fixedroute.

90910381.docPage2of51

6.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestateownedshipping

companiesandforeignshippingcompanies?

Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemsto

methatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster'soverriding

authorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheir

localagentstodomoreforthevessel.Anothermajordifferencebetween

themisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisin

ChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What'smore,mostof

theChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmay

usedifferentclassificationsocieties.

各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是

不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如

何。

7.Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthe

dischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,how

wouldyouhandleit?

Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI'

11contacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityof

grain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwill

followtheowner'sinstructiontocontactit'stheP&Icorrespondentor

localagentfortheiradvice.

Ifnecessary,I'11prepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerand

thecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.

关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公同都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理

原则。

8.HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster,soverridingauthorityunder

emergencysituations?

Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothe

companyfirstbeforetakenactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediate

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danger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhatever

actionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotect

thesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandthe

environmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerand

thecharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyin

detailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.

9.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?

Hints:Yourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhave

workedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhaveeverbeento,thetypesof

vesselsyouhaveeverserved,thetypesofcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,

thetypesoftripyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthe

vessels,andsoon.

Pleasealsorefertochapteroneformoredetailedanswers.

10.WhatistheMaster'sStandingOrder?

ItisbasicallytheMaster'sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthe

vessel'soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfor

theofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentry

procedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituations1ikeoilpollution,

firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswel1aswhentocallthemasterto

thebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,

etc.)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.

TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandinthe

BridgeOrderBook.Besides,somewarningsshallbeprominently[prminntli]显著地

postedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.

11.Howdoyouunderstandtheimportanceofkeepinggoodandharmonious

relationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherOfficersandEngineers?

WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandtheother

officersandengineers,theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.Buthowcan

theMasterachieveit?

90910381.docPage4of51

Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheads

becausethedailymanagementisdelegated.[deligit]委托tothemalthough

theMasterhimselfisresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnel

management.

Secondly,theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhat

andhow.

Thirdly,theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineand

behavior.

Fourthly,heshouldbefairinjobassignment,paydistributionandother

dailymanagement.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster'sorderorthe

rulesonpurpose,theMasterwillhavetopenalize[pi：nlaiz]惩罚the

offenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheship

owner.

这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法，但是船东

希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：“I

willdismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。

上述答案只是笔者个人见解，谨供参考。

12.Didyouhavetheexperienceofworkingwithforeigncrews?

Yes,IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan,

Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea,Japan,BurmaandUkraine.

实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万

不要错过让船东知道的机会。

13.HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePhilippinecrews?

OrhowdoyoulikethePhilippine(Korean,Vietnamese,Indian,Burmese,

Ukrainian,Russian,Britishetc.)seamen?

IhadtheexperienceofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosare

mostlyveryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingin

termsofwages.Asawhole,theyareveryniceseafarers.

90910381.docPage5of51

在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是

的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文

化的人都有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类

似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得

十分重要。

14.Canyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedfor?Whatarethe

differencesamongthesecompanies?

ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.

Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyis,insomeways,

differentfromforeignshipownerscompanies.

实事求是。同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原

来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和

船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。

15.Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardships?Whatmaterialsdo

youneedtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans?

Usually,apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.The

MastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionsandhis

intentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthe

draftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.If

somethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldaskthe

SecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthe

draft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.

WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelp

providesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer,suchas

theportentryguidance,thesailingdirections,listsoflights,tidal

streamtables,deepdraughtvesselplanningguide,theIMOshiproute

guidance,governmentandportauthority'sregulations,pilotcharts,notice

tomariner,weatherinformation,andthevoyageplanandsoon.

90910381.docPage6of51

TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth“areainthe

passage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebest

sailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime,andavoidbadweatherconditions.

16.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUS

ports?

First,Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamento

makesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththe

customsclearances,thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition,

Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts,

UScostalpilotguide,lightlistbook,lightlistbook,tidetables,US

inlandrulesofnavigation,andrecentnoticetomariners.

Forty-eighthourspriortoentrytoaUSport,Ishallconductthefollowing

emergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks:operationof

themainsteeringgearfromsteeringcompartment,communicationbetween

bridgeandsteeringcompartment,andalternativepowersupply.Ishallalso

informtheQualifiedIndividualofmyarrival.

Twenty-fourhoursbeforearrivalinaUSport,IshallnotifytheUSCGofmy

ship'sarrival.

TwelvehourspriortoarrivalinaUSport,thefollowingequipmentshallbe

testedandrecordedinthelogbook:primaryandsecondsteeringgear,

internalcontrolcommunicationsandalarms,standing-byemergencygenerator,

andmainpropulsionmachinery.

Drillsarealsotheprioritiesofmypreparatorywork.Usually,theport

authorityoftheUSpaysspecialattentiontothedrills.Soboatdrills,

fire-fightingdrillsandotherdrillsmustbecarriedoutbeforeentering

intoanyUSport.

Sanitarysituationofmyshipisanotherconsideration.Properdisposalof

garbageoncyshipandanti-pollutiondevicesexaminationareveryimportant.

90910381.docPage7of51

Allinall,muchmorecareshouldbetakenbeforeentryintoanyUSport

thanintheportsinothercountries.

美国是世界上海事立法最多，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法

和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题。

17.DidyouencounteranyproblemsduringPSCinspectionsintheUSports?

No,IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparation

beforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothrough

thePSCinspectionssmoothly.

Oryoucansay:

Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPA

couldn,tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonly

allowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwas

backtonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckilywedidn'thaveanyfineimposed

onus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvance

areveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewto

rectifyitintheleastpossibletime.

18.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?

Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriorto

departureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperation

(includingthedeckandengineroom),cargo&hulllashingcheck,stowaway

check,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)matters

shouldbediscussedatthemeeting.

19.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenby

thepilot?

Well,it'sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelieve

theMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyofthe

shipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot'sordersare

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doubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,

theMastershallcommandtheship'snavigationhimself.

引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一

点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。

20.WhatshouldtheMaterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandingina

foreigncountryorastrangeport?

Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,

consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner'sP&Iandthelocalagentof

theshipwhocanprovideadviceandassistance.

绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白

的问题及时向他们报告。当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。

21.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityare

abnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?

TheMastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.At

thediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLatter

ofProtecttothenotarysurveyororterminal/portauthorityunderthe

instructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequire

furthermeasurementsandcalculationsandcalculationstobemade.

22.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloaded

withbulkcargo?

Usually,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L):measure,

quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalveunknownetc..Different

companiesmayhavedifferentformatsfortheirrespectiveB/LAB/L

consistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.The

firstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityofthevalidityofthe

othertwocopies.

23.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?

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AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutual

insuranceagainstmaritimerisks.Itcoverstherisksthatarenotcovered

bytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonnelillnessandinjury,cargodamage,

collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedor

floatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.

24.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74andMARPOL73/78are?Whatisthe

relationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?

SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.Itis

themostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyoflifeatsea

madeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.

Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,as

wellasthemarineenvironment.

MARPOL73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarine

Pollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthe

protectionofmarineenvironment.

几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，

ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISMCODE的目的、主

要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。

25.Priortoaship,sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedin

theShip，sLogBook?

Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:

a)Steeringgeartest

b)Ship,sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonization

c)Interval,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttest

d)Thewhistleandnavigationallightstests

e)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA,RADAR,

GMDSS)test

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f)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessary

26.HowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?

Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually,themoreoften

thedrillisdone,thebetter.

Butbeforeenteringintosomeports,forexample,intheUSwherePSC

inspectionsareverystrict,itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriorto

entry.

27.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthe

vesselisduringpassage,infairwaysandinsideports?

Duringthepassage,theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft;

infairway,10%ofloaddraft;insidetheports,10%ofloaddraft,oras

regulatedbyportauthority.

富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航

行安全，船长应在心中有大致数字。

28.WhataretheMaster'sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal?

TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationson

garbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship'sgalley,onthe

informationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedprior

todisposal.TheMastershal1discussthesubjectofshipboardgarbage

managementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthe

garbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMaster

shallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.

29.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlast

vessel?Howdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard?

Fourstepsshouldbefollowed:collection,processing(separation),storage,

anddisposal.

Thegarbagecanbedividedintothreekinds:

90910381.docPage11of51

Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials

Foodandaccommodationwaste

Othergarbagethatcannotbedisposedinthesea,e.g.,plasticand

plasticmaterials.

垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格

的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、

有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造

成污染，船东是会受到重罚的。

30.WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub?

Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureforsensitive

cargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClub

definesthefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes:cement,grain,and

sugarandsoon.

31.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage,whichpartsofthevessel

shouldbechecked?

Cargoholds,hatchcoves,ventilationsystem,tank-top,holdlighting,fire

fightinganddetectorappliances,biIge,soundingpipes,airpipes,cargo

gears(hooks,grabs,slings,wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbe

checkedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthe

checks,thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.

32.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP"?Whatcontentsshouldbe

includedintheSOPEP?

SOPEPmeansShippingOi1PollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthe

following:

(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsincharge

oftheshiptoreportandoilpollutionincident.

(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.

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(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersons

onboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.

(4)Listofoi1spillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintained

onboard.(Removers,sprayer,oilabsorbent,sawdust,sand,wasterags,

scoop,shovels,buckets,bamboobrooms,portablepump,protectiveclothing,

portablecontainers).

Simplyspeaking,SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts

(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication,address,etc.),theequipment

usedindealingwithoilpollution,themusterlistintheoilpollution,

andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappens,etc.

33.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport?

(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestination

portauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage,berthing,customsclearance

andportquarantineinspection,etc.

(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine,andaskthe

dutyofficertogiveETAandthetimetheshipisexpectedtobeon

maneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer.

(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMaster

shouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.,inUS),beforeentryintoport,

entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired.

(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags,signals,or

lightsareshown.

(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance,theMastershouldgivethe

C/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatan

anchorageorberth.

34.WhatshouldaMusterListinclude?WhatkindsofMusterListdidyou

haveonthelastvessel?

90910381.docPage13of51

AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints:

(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal

(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven

(3)Substitutesforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled

(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedin

anabandonshipsituation

(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneralduties

duringvariousemergencies

(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties

(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup

TheMusterListsmustbereadybeforeashipsails.

WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel;General

emergency,firefighting,fireintheengine,emergencysteering,abandon­

ship,manoverboard,oilpollutionstation.

35.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident,whomdoyou

reportitto?

AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL,theincidentshouldbeimmediately

reportedtothenearestcoastalState,andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.

Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.

36.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L?

Definitelyno.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo'sownership.

However,thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterof

Indemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthe

documents.

37.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining?

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Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthe

vessel,thecargo,andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.

Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedon

emergencyprocedures,anti-pollution,safetyequipmentfamiliarization,ship

operationaltrainingandworkingkills.

38.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheship-ownerand

thecharterer?

Well,thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner's

interestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow,sometimestheMaster

isunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandcharterer.Myexperienceis

thatthecharterer'sinterestsshouldbetakengoodcareofwithouthurting

theinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.

船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案。但一般而言，船东希望既能和

租船公司建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为船长拿的是船东的工资，但船东

拿的是客户(租家)的钱。

39.Whatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalaudit?Duringthe

internalaudit,howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors?

Usually,theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearin

accordancewiththeowner'sSMSmanuals.Itisunderthechargeofthe

DesignatedPerson(DP),oratthediscretionoftheDP.

Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany,theMastershouldholdapre­

auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheaudit

notice.TheMastershouldmakesurethatthebestcooperationisprovidedto

theauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewell

prepared.

Theexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromthe

Class.Ifmajornon-conformities,non-conformitiesandobservationsare

foundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit,theshipshouldmake

rectificationinthestipulatedtime.

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40.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoing

MasterandtherelievingMaster?

Usually,thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:

First,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthe

company'shandoverprocedureandchecklist.

Second,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedto

thereport.

Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure:

Documentation,communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsand

companies),bridgeequipment,storesandaccounts,personnel,ship

maintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides,itisalsoveryimportanttogive

therelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonal,thelocalagent,theport

andsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.Tryto

fillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.

41.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineer?Or

whatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave?

TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship,responsibleforthewholevessel

andtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineer

isfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.TheMastergivestheChiefEngineer

fullpowertomanagehisdepartment.Inthemeantime,itisalsoimportant

fortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhis

implementationofduties.Anyway,smoothcoop