2021高考英语真题及答案【全国乙卷】

绝密★启用前

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的

答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非

选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间

将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有

关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Askingtheway.B.Givingdirections.C.Correctingamistake.

2.Whatdresssizedoesthewomanwant?

A.8.B.10.C.12.

3.Whatisthewomanlikelytodo?

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A.Makeaphonecall.B.Handletheproblem.C.Havearest.

4.Whichtourdoesthemanseemtobeinterestedin?

A.Theeveningtour.B.Thehalf-daytour.C.Thefull-daytour.

5.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Atacanteen.B.Ataclinic.C.Atabank.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的

A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅

读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每

段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthematch?

A.Entertaining.B.Discouraging.C.Boring.

7.WhatdothespeakersplantodoonTuesdayafternoon?

A.Watchagame.B.Playtennis.C.Gotothecinema.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.WhatdoesthemanadviseMrs.Whitetodo?

A.Goonadiet.B.Domoreexercise.C.Getenoughsleep.

9.WhichcanbeincludedinMrs.White'sbreakfast?

A.Eggs.B.Sausages.C.Porridge.

10.Whatistheman?

A.Ateacher.B.Aphysician.C.Achef.

听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。

11.HowdoesNancylooktoDaniel?

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A.Confused.B.Excited.C.Anxious.

12.WhydoesDanielmentionhisperformanceinaplay?

A.TocomfortNancy.B.Toexpresshisregret.C.Toshowhis

pride.

13.WhatisNancygoingtodonextweek?

A.Takeaschooltest.

B.Haveacheck-up.

C.Goinforacompetition.

14.WhatdoesDanieloffertodoforNancy?

A.Rewriteherlines.

B.Drivehertothetheatre.

C.Helpherwiththepractice.

听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。

15.WhatwasProf.Stone'sgrandfatherafraidof?

A.Leavinghishome.

B.Partingfromhisson.

C.Takingearlyretirement.

16.WhatdoesoldagemeantomanyelderlyAmericans?

A.Lackofmoralsupport.

B.Lossofseli-worth.

C.Changeoflivinghabits.

17.WhatwillProf.Stonetalkaboutnextconcerningelderlypeople?

A.Publicservicestheyaskfor.

B.Healthcareavailabletothem.

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C.Contributionstheycanmake.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.Whatdoesthespeaker'smotherwanthertobe?

A.Aconfidentperson.

B.Awarm-heartedperson.

C.Ahumorousperson.

19.Whydidthespeakerfeellonelyinherchildhood?

A.Sheoftentraveledbyherself.

B.Herfamilymovedfrequently.

C.Hermotherwasbusyworking.

20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Importanceofhomeschooling.

B.Mother-daughterrelationship.

C.Arolemodelinherfamily.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选

项。

A

TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorld

Peoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancient

Greece.Inaround8A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremains

theworld'sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporary

design.Rome'sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating

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50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity'sCircus

Maximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.

Thesedays,safetyregulations一nottomentionthemodernsportsfan'

sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadium

capacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;

gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.

Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedby

theWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanent

capacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.

Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthe

biggesteventsinworldsport.

•Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity:

150,000.Opened:May1,1989.

•MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.

Opened:October1,1927.

•BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.

Opened:September17,1960.

,OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:

October7,1922.

•KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:

September24,1927.

21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?

A.104,944.B.107,601.

C.About150,000.D.About250,000.

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22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?

A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.

C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.

23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?

A.Theyhostbiggames.

B.Theyhavebecometouristattractions.

C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.

D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.

B

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfof

Australianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaoverthe

ageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkids

haveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls

anywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonly

justoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoa

survey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcede

thatifsnotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket一

19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeir

homephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentof

GenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentof

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BabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.

Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayifsalsotodowiththemakeupofyour

household.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfindit

convenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephonefor

everyfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverring

ourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplay

agameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCaller

IDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygotheway

ofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?

24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede“inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.

26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.

B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers,identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.

D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

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C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

C

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and

12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplastic

straworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwants

youtoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,

forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplastic

products.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled

“Strawpocalypse,“apairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.

Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeach

cleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebyno

meansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecently

comeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,

becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystraw

thafspartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeone

usedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltake

centuriestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecific

statistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.

Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,MVonWongandagroupof

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volunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentied

togethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniesto

reducetheirplasticfootprint.

28.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

30.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPIastic^^haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

D

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaid

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somethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）

inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“ThafswhyIhaveamembershipatthe

coworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.^^Hiscommentstruckme

asstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenoffice

layout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhis

approachworks.

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsasthey

completedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofour

groupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotal

silenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferences

betweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,the

participantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoise

similartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformed

theothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatour

creativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand

85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalso

suggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnot

totalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.The

rightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsof

thinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingit

impossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus“appearstobethebest

stateforworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybe

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that,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'

conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthat

face-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,and

yetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhile

alsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.

35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He'sanewsreporter.B.He'sanofficemanager.

C.He'saprofessionaldesigner.D.He'sapublishedwriter.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

中有两项为多余选项。

AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting^it'snot

difficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.

36,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderinginto

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somebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupand

beadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversation

withaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you'llbeableto

getalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalking

to.37,itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle^^or"I

rodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesinthe

back."Itjustopensupconversation.

38?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytryto

takeawaytheirsoapbox（讲台）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelp

youinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.

39.

Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?If

you'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthat

alwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（赞

扬）.40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremely

deliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.

A.Howdoyouknowthehost

B.Thefirststepistogoexploring

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?^^

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstop

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talking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardness

themost

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以

填入空白处的最佳选项。

Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.I

wasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa41justafewweeksago.

Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeof

wordsthatexpressdifferent42ofgratitude（感谢）.

Mythoughtsweresoon43.Wehadawomanpatientwhowas

44fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,while45

togetintobedshecollapsed（倒下）fromwhatwas46discoveredtobe

aheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,47theemergency

medicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though48,

andwasreadyfordischarge（出院）afterfourweeks.

Shewas49foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteam

haddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher50at

herrecovery.Asshewas51shewaseagertosay52toeach

ofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe53onenurse,shetriedtopress

afive-poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague54toacceptit,saying

thatwewerealljust55ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,and

then56:"Ohthisisn'tforthe57Ihad.Itakethatasa

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58.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.^^

Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,59livesispartofthe

jobbutstylinghairisan60andshouldberewarded.

41.A.cleanerB.chemistC.nurseD.doctor

42.A.gradesB.meaningsC.needsD.expectations

43.A.brushedasideB.puttothetest

C.broughtunderdiscussionD.takenintoaccount

44.A.departingB.escapingC.retiringD.recovering

45.A.attemptingB.choosingC.pausingD.promising

46.A.eventuallyB.fortunatelyC.casuallyD.secretly

47.A.assessingB.requiringC.formingD.proving

48.A.slightlyB.accidentallyC.slowlyD.happily

49.A.gratefulB.thoughtfulC.sorrowfulD.fearful

50.A.surpriseB.delight

C.curiosityD.disappointment

51.A.operatingB.thinkingC.hesitatingD.leaving

52.A.sorryB.helloC.goodbyeD.yes

53.A.reachedB.consultedC.introducedD.persuaded

54.A.wishedB.pretendedC.failedD.refused

55.A.enjoyingB.doingC.securingD.starting

56.A.repeatedB.recitedC.repliedD.reported

57.A.courageB.patienceC.dutyD.care

58.A.goalB.givenC.pushD.greeting

59.A.riskingB.changingC.savingD.building

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60.A.honourB.abilityC.openingD.extra

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)travelto

undisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallows

thetravelertobecome61(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsof

geographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovides

moneyforconservationandbenefitsthe62(develop)ofthelocal

areas.

Ecotourismhas63(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementof

the1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept64thelate

1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeit

desirable.

Dueto65growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedand

adventuretravel,varioustypes66tripsarenowbeingclassifiedas

ecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowing

principles:

,Minimizetheimpactof67(visit)theplace.

•Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandcultural

practices.

•Provide68(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

•Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththe

visitorsandthehosts.

KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularfor

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ecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.69（activity）thererange

fromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andaccommodationsaim70（have）

alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment

第四部分