高中英语三大从句

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。分别是：1、定语从句（形容词从句）2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）一、定语从句：定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。（1）,who,whom,that这些词代替指人，“whor”乍宾语指人，“tha既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。（2），Which用来指人或物（用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是thereason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（NounClauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that（宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever3、连接畐【J词（7个）:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however三、状语从句状语从句（AdverbialClause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起畐词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。状语从句细分的话，共包括九种：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句91.Marylivesintheroom,thedooropenseast.A.ofitB.ofwhichC.ofthatD.whoseTheengineermyfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.thatHelivesinahotel,isonlyfiveminutes'walkfromhere.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whereIsthereanythingIcandoforyou?.A.whichB.whoC.asD.thatThespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworksareknowntous.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whoThisisthereasontheyareallagainsttheplan.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.what

Itwasnotuntillateintheeveningthetravelerfoundahotel.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whereIdidn'tlikethewayshespoketome.A.whichB.thatC.howD.asThisisIcandoforyourightnow.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.asItwasatourcollegelibraryIborrowedthenovel.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.whereIhaveseentrees,openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.itsleaveswelcomedatA.whichtheleavesB.ofwhichleavesC.whoseleavesD.itsleaveswelcomedatAllisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.whichTheforeignguests,werescientists,werewarmlytheairport.A.mostofwhomB.mostofthemC.mostofwhichD.mostofthoseOnthetrainIsawastudentIthoughtwasyoursister.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.thatIstheriverthroughthetownverylong?A.flowsB.thatflowsC.whichflowD.theoneflowsIsthiscollegetheywenttolastyear?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatIsthistheuniversityyouvisitedlasttime?A.thatoneB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat18.I'dliketotellyouIsawintheexhibition.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./19.IhopethatthelittleIhavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.forwhich20.Whohascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom21Thebikeanditsriderhadknockeddowntheboyweretakentothepolice.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomPuttheletterhecanfinditeasily.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whereD.whichThisistheveryletterIamlookingfor.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whatTomdidn'tattendthemeeting,weexpected.A.whereB.thatC.asD.whatIwillgiveyousuchinformationwillhelpyou.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whatThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itTheladyisawomanscientist.A.whomyouspokeB.withwhichyouspokeC.whomyousaidtoD.youspoketoThisisthethirdweekthedustmenhaven'tcomefortherubbish.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.onwhichHeistheonlyoneofthestudentsthetruth.A.whoknowB.whoknowsC.thatknowD.whoareknowingDidtheyfindtheywentback?A.wherehadtheybeenB.whereweretheyC.wheretheyhadbeenD.wheretheywereTogetthejobstarted,Ineedisyourpermission.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythatMyfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,butwasinteresting.A.mostofthemB.noneofthemC.noneofwhichD.neitherofwhich“Thirty-nineSteps”isoneofthemostexcitingfilmsdirectedbyAlfredHotchcock.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.thatwereD.whichwereAlloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromtheplantswild.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrewThosewerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothes.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whoseThechildrenthemselveswerecalmenough;theparentsthatgotintoapanic.A.inspiteofB.thosewereC.itwasD.however

ItismanyyearswemetlastinLondon.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.whichShe'llbeonthesametrainIamontoday.A.asB.likeC.withD.thatWhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofUS,thefirstcomesintomindisNewYork.A.cityB.ofthemC.oneD.thatIsthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecity?A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.whoHehasn'tgotenoughmoneywithhecanbuythecomputer.A.thatB.whichC.itD.whomWinteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whoseFootball,isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.A.thatB.whichC.itD.whoBABDBCBBCDCBAABCBCBBBCBCCBDABCCBCCACADDBBCB1-5BABDB6-10CBBCD11-15CBADA16-20BCBCA21-25BACCC41-45CABBB21-25BACCC41-45CABBB61-65BCBAB81-85ADDAA26-30BBBBC46-50DBDAD66-70ACBDC86-90CCCAA31-35CBBBB51-55DAABC71-75DABCC91-95BCADB36-40CBDCD56-60CBCBC76-80ACCDA96-100CBCDB高中英语定语从句汇总讲解发表日期：发表日期：2009年1月9日作者：ZolaStone编辑录入：admin】♦英语谚语欣赏Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.It'sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.I.概念：定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语)常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who,not,,"没有,,不,,",在从句中作主语，宾语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语)；第三选择合适的关系词。n.几个关系代词的基本用法：•that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?Hereistheman（who/whom/that）youwanttosee.She'snolongerthegirl（that）sheusedtobebefore.（表语）Ourhometownisnolongertheone（that）itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.•which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）Thebook（which/that）Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.•who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.（代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.）Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.（宾语）He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman（whom/who/that）weshouldlearnfrom.比较：Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome关系代词作介词宾语:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.）Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook（that/which）youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson（whom/who/that）Ishookhandswith?Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.（介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等）•as的用法:（as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语）如为限制性的，多用于thesame,as;thesameas；such,as,;asmany/muchas；so,as等结构中。如：※Ihavethesamebookasyou（have）.我有一本和你的一样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.（关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.）※.---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作宾语）=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.※Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.（宾语,先行词是前面整个句子）川.关系副词引导的定语从句：•When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouVwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.•Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.•Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：Thereasonwhy/forwhich/（that）hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason（that/which）hegaveme.（作宾语）Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）Ex.）Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate..Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.（表语从句）（thereason）why/forwhichhewaslate.（定语从句）当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如:Thisistheway（that）/inwhichIdosuchthings.比较:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when，where,why,etc.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.V.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较：•that&which:在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.女口：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.被修饰词为数词时.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:①当关系代词的前面有介词时.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?②在非限制性定语从句中.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.当关系代词后面带有插入语时.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.先行词本身是that,宜用which.What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?先行词是those+复数名词.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.(B)who&that:who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如：1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.•as&which:as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：位置的不同：which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限

制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。探Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行词是一个词）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）※Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.as一般译为”正如""就像"，”这一点”asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.训练题汇总♦EX1.用定语从句完成下列句子。1．Thisisthemostbeautifulforest___（我所见过的）.DouPoTang（陡坡塘）Waterfall,（位于贵州省的）,is105meterswideand21metershigh.♦EX2用适当的关系词填空.Haveatry!!!IwillneverforgetthedayIfirstwenttoschool.IwillneverforgetthedaywespentinBeijing.Thehousewevisitedisbeingrepairednow.ThehouseLuxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.♦Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,isaninterestingbook.Hefailedintheexam.madehisparentsangry.Hefailedintheexam,madehisparentsangry.Hehastwosons.Bothofareteachers.Hehastwosons,bothofareteachers.♦EX4思考:用五种方式(定语从句)翻译句子这是他工作的工厂。1.This