2023年大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套

2023年６月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套)PartIＷrｉting（3０minutes)Direｃtｉons:Ｆｏrｔhispart，ｙouaｒeaｌloweｄ30minuteｓtowｒiteａsｈｏrtesｓayonthefoｌlowｉngqｕeｓtion.Yｏuｓｈｏuｌdwritｅatlｅast120worｄｓbｕtnｏmorethan18０ｗords.Suｐposeaｆoreignfriendoｆyoｕrsisｃomiｎgtovisｉtyourｃampus，ｗhａtistｈｅmostｉntｅrｅstｉｎgplaｃeyoｕwoｕlｄliketoｔaｋeｈim/hertoseeanｄwhy?PartIILiｓteningCoｍpｒeｈension(３0minuteｓ）SｅctionADｉrectｉoｎs:Iｎtｈisseｃtion,youｗｉllhear8shortcｏｎvｅrｓaｔioｎsand２ｌoｎgｃonｖersatiｏnｓ.Attheｅnｄofeachｃｏｎveｒｓatiｏn,oneormoｒequeｓtioｎｓｗilｌｂｅaskeｄaboutwhatｗassａｉd.Boｔhtheｃoｎversatioｎａｎdthｅqueｓtionsｗiｌlbespokenonlyｏnce.Afｔereachquestｉｏnｔhｅrewiｌlｂeapaｕse.Ｄｕｒｉnｇthepause,ｙoumusｔｒｅaｄthefouｒｃhoicesmarｋｅdA)，B)，C）anｄＤ），aｎｄdeｃｉｄｅwhｉｃhiｓthebestanswer．TheｎmaｒktｈecoｒrｅｓｐondｉnglｅtteronAnswｅrＳｈeet1ｗithaｓiｎｇlｅlinetｈroughthecentre．1.ﻩA）Thｅｙcameiｎfiｖｅdiffeｒentcolorｓ.ﻩC）Tｈeywereａｖerygoodｄesiｇn． B）Ｔhｅywerｅgｏｏｄvalueｆormoney．ﻩD）Theywｅresoｌｄoｕtｖeryｑuickly.２. A）Askherrｏomｍateｎotｔoｓpeakloudlyontheｐhonｅ. B）Aｓkherroommａteｔomaｋｅｈｅrphonｅｃallsｏｕtsｉde.ﻩC）Goandfiｎｄaquiｅterplａcetoreviewheｒleｓsoｎs．ﻩＤ）Repｏｒｔｈerproblｅmｔotｈedｏrmmaｎａgｅmenｔ.3. A）Ｔｈeｗaｓhｉngmachiｎｅistoｔalｌybeyondｒepair.ﻩB)HeｗillhelｐＷｅndyｐｒepareｈeｒaｎnuaｌｒeｐort. Ｃ）Weｎdyｓhouldgivepｒｉoｒitｙtowrｉtingheｒrｅport.D)Tｈewashinｇmａchiｎeshoｕldbecｈeckedannｕａlly.４.ﻩA)Tｈemanfｅllｄowｎwhｅnremoviｎｇthepaiｎｔｉng． B）Ｔhewａllｗillbｅｄecoraｔｅdwiｔhanewpaintｉng． C）Thewomanlikesthepaintiｎgonthewａll．Ｄ)Thepaintiｎgisnowbeingｒefrａmed.5. Ａ）Iｔmuｓtbemissｉng. C)Thｅｍaｎtookiｔｔoｔhｅmarkeｔ.ﻩB)Ｉtwａsleｆtiｎtｈeroｏm.ﻩ D)Sheｐlacedｉtoｎthedrｅssingｔabｌe.6.ﻩA）Gotoａplay.ﻩ ﻩﻩC)Bｏｏｋsｏmetickｅts.ﻩB)MｅeｔJaｎｅｔ.ﻩ D）Haveageｔ-tｏｇether．7．ﻩA）Ｏnｅboxofbｏｏksisfoundmissing.ﻩC)Ｒｅplaｃemｅntshavetoｂeｏrdeｒed．ﻩB）Somｅoftｈebｏxesａrriveｄtoolate. D）Soｍｅofｔhｅbookｓaredａｍagｅd.8.ﻩA)TheｍanwilｌpiｃkｕpＰrofessoｒJohnsoｎａtheroffiｃe． B）Tｈemandidｎotexpeｃｔhispapｅrtoｂegｒaｄeｄｓosoon.ﻩC）ＰrofeｓｓoｒJohnsonhasgiventhemanaverｙhｉｇhgrade. Ｄ)PrｏfeｓｓorＪｏhｎsonwｉlltalktoｅacｈｓtudｅntinheｒoffice．Qｕestｉｏnｓ9ｔo１1ａreｂasｅdoｎthｅcoｎｖersatｉonyouhaveｊｕstｈeard.9. A)Toｂｕyａｐresenｔｆoｒhisfrｉｅndwhoisgeｔtｉngｍarrｉeｄ．ﻩＢ)Tofiｎdoutｔｈｅcostforacompletesetｏfcｏokｗａｒe． Ｃ）Ｔoseｅｗｈａthｅcouldaskhisfriendstobuyforhｉm． D）Toｍaｋeinqｕiｒiesaboｕttｈepｒiceofaneleｃtriccookｅｒ.10.ﻩＡ）Ｔotｅachhimhowtouseｔhｅkitｃｈenware.ﻩＢ）Todｉscusscｏｏkiｎgeｘｐｅrieｎceswiｔhhiｍ.ﻩＣ）Totｅlｌhimhowtoｐrｅparedelicioｕsdishｅs．D）Torｅｃommeｎdsuitaｂlekitcｈenｗaｒｅｔohim．１１. A）Thereaｒesomanydifｆeｒｅｎtsｏrtsofkniveｓ. Ｂ)Cｏokinｇdｅvicesａresuｃｈpracticalprｅｓents.ﻩC）Amｉxercansaｖeｓoｍuｃhtimeinmakingcakes．D)Ｓａucepansandｆｒyinｇpaｎsarｅaｍusｔintｈekitchen．Ｑuｅstions12ｔo1５ａreｂａｓeｄｏntｈｅconveｒsａtionｙouhａvｅjuｓtheard．１2.ﻩA）Somenewpｒoblｅｍsinheｒwork． ﻩC）Hercｈaｎcｅforproｍｏtionｉntｈebank. B）Coopｅraｔiｏnｗitｈaｎintｅrｎatioｎａlｂank．ﻩＤ）Heriｎｔeｎtioｎtoleavｅｈerpresentjｏb.１3.ﻩA）TheWorldBanｋ． C）AU.Ｓ．ｆinancecｏrpoｒａtioｎ.ﻩB)BanｋofWashｉnｇtoｎ. D)ＡｎｉnvestmenｔbａnkiｎNewYork．14．ﻩA）Supeｒvisｉngfｉnanciａｌｔransactｉons．ﻩB）Takinｇchargeofpublｉｃｒeｌatiｏns.ﻩC)Makｉｎglｏaｎｓtoｐrivatecｏｍpaniesiｎｄevｅlopｉngcountrieｓ.ﻩD)OffeｒinｇseｒvｉceｔoｉnterｎaｔiｏnalcompaniesiｎtheUnitｅdＳｔａtes.15.ﻩA)Itisafiｒｓｔmａｊorｓteptoreａlizingthewoｍaｎ’sｄreａm. B）Iｔisanhoｎoｒｆoｒthewomanandherpｒeｓenteｍplｏyeｒ. C)Iｔiｓaｌossforｈercurrentcｏmpanｙ. Ｄ)Ｉtisｒｅalｌybeyondhisｅxpectａtiｏｎ．SeｃtｉonBDireｃtｉons:Iｎthissectioｎ,ｙoｕwｉllheａr3shortｐassagｅs.Ａtｔhｅenｄｏfｅaｃhpａssａｇe，youｗillhｅarｓomequestioｎs.Bothtｈepasｓageａndthequestioｎswillbｅｓpokenonlyoncｅ．Afteryouｈeaｒａｑuestion,youmustcｈoosetheｂestanｓweｒｆｒomthefourcｈｏicesｍarkeｄＡ)，B）,C）ａndD)．TｈenmａrktheｃorrespｏｎdiｎｇlｅtｔｅrｏnＡnswｅｒSｈeet1witｈasinglelｉneｔhｒouｇhtheｃeｎｔre．PａｓsageOneQuｅｓtiｏｎs16to18aｒｅbasedonthｅpaｓｓageyouhavejustheａrd.１6．ﻩA）Carrｙoutathｏroughcheckｕｐ.ﻩC)Keeｐextｒａgasiｎｒｅｓｅrｖe.ﻩB）Ｔryｔokeｅpthegastaｎkfｕll.ﻩＤ）Ｆｉllupｔhewatertaｎk.１7.ﻩA)Atｔemptiｎgtoleaveyｏuｒcartoseｅkheｌp.ﻩＢ)Ｏpｅninｇaｗinｄoｗabiｔtoletinfrｅshair． C)Runninｇthｅengineeverynowandtheｎ.D）Keepｉngｔｈeheatｅronfｏrａｌoｎgtime．１８. A)Itexhaustsyｏｕpｈysically.ﻩ C)Ｉtｃausｅｓyｏutolosｅboｄyheａt.ﻩＢ)Itmakｅsyｏｕfallaｓleeｐeasilｙ. D）Itconsumｅstoｏｍuｃhoxyｇen.PassａgeTwoQueｓtions19to21arebasｅdｏnthepａｓｓａgeｙouhavejusｔhearｄ．19． A）Thｅyarｅｖeｒygenｅrousｉnｇｉｖiｎgｇiｆts.ﻩB）Theｙｒefｕsegiｆtswhendoingbusinｅss． C)Ｔｈeyregardgｉｆtｓasatｏｋenoｆfrｉendshiｐ. Ｄ）Thｅygｉｖｅｇiｆｔsonｌyｏｎsｐecialｏccａｓiｏｎｓ.20. Ａ)Ｔheyeｎjoygivｉngｇiftｓtｏotherpeoｐle. B）Tｈeｙｓpeｎdａlotoftimechoｏsinｇgifts． C)Thｅyhavetofoｌlowｍanｙspecifiｃrｕｌes. D)Theｙpayａttｅntionｔothequalityｏｆgｉｆts．２1. A）Giｆt-giｖingｐｌａyｓanimportantroleinhumanrelatioｎshiｐs. Ｂ）Wｅmustbeawaｒeoｆcuｌturaldifferenｃｅsingｉviｎｇgifｔｓ. C）Wemuｓtlearnhowtogｉvegiftsbｅfoｒegｏinｇabroaｄ． Ｄ)Readｉngｅｘｔｅｎsｉvelymaｋｅsoneabettｅrｇｉｆｔ－giver.ＰasｓageThrｅｅＱuｅｓtions２2to25aｒebaｓedｏntheｐａssageyoｕhａvejustheard.22.ﻩA)IｔｒeｆlectｓAmeｒｉｃaｎpeople’sｖiewofFreｎｃhpｏlitics. Ｂ）ItiｓfirｓtpublｉshediｎWashingtonandtheninPaｒis.ﻩC）ItexplainｓAｍerｉcaｎpoliｔicstotheFreｎcｈpubｌic.ﻩD）ItｉspopｕｌaramｏｎgFrenchgovernｍentoffiｃiａｌs．2３．ﻩA)Workonｈｅrｃolumn.ﻩ C)Eｎｔｅｒtainｈerｇuｅsts.ﻩB)Dohouｓｅｗorkathｏmｅ.ﻩﻩD)Goshopｐinｇdowｎtoｗｎ．2４.ﻩＡ)Toreｐｏrｔtｏhｅrnewｓpaper.ﻩC)Tovｉｓitherpaｒeｎts.ﻩB）TｏrefresｈｈerFｒench.ﻩ D)Tｏmｅetherfrieｎｄｓ.２5. Ａ)ＳhｅmｉghｔbeｒecalｌedｔoFｒａｎcｅ. ﻩC)ＳhｅmighｔcｌｏseheｒMonｄaｙcoｌｕｍn. B）Ｓhemightchangeheｒprofeｓｓioｎ.ﻩD)Ｓhemighｔbｅａssignedtoaｎｅwpoｓｔ．SeｃｔioｎCDｉrectｉonｓ：Intｈｉssｅｃtioｎ,youｗillｈearａpasｓagethrｅetiｍes．Wｈenｔhepassageisreaｄfｏrthｅfirsｔtime,ｙoｕshouldliｓtencａrefullyforitsgeｎｅｒalidｅａ.Wｈeｎｔhepassａgeｉsｒeadfortｈeseconｄtime，ｙoｕaｒerｅquiｒedｔofiｌlintheｂｌankｓwiｔｈtheeｘacｔwｏrｄsyouhavejustｈeard．Ｆinaｌlｙ,wheｎthepassaｇeｉsrｅadfoｒthetｈirdtime,ｙousｈｏulｄｃhｅckｗｈaｔyouhaｖeｗrｉtten．AcｃordｉngtoＡｍericanlaw,ｉfsomｅoneiｓaccuｓeｄoｆａcｒime,ｈeiscｏnsidered（26）________＿_untilthｅcourtｐrovestｈeｐｅrsoｎiｓgｕilty.Tｏarｒesｔａpｅrson,theｐoliceｈavetobeｒeａsｏnａblｙsuｒeｔhａtａcrｉｍehａsbeen(27）_＿__＿_____．Theｐｏｌicemｕｓｔgｉｖetｈesuspecttherｅasoｎswhythｅyａｒearreｓtｉngｈiｍanｄtellhimｈisriｇhtsuｎｄerthelａｗ．Tｈｅnthepｏlｉcetaｋetｈesｕsｐecｔtoｔhｅｐｏｌicestａtion,wheｒｅthｅnａmeofｔheperｓoｎandtｈｅ（2８）＿___＿＿＿___ａgainｓthiｍaｒｅｆormalｌylistｅd．Ｔhｅnextｓtepisfｏｒtｈesuｓpｅcｔtoｇｏbeforｅajudge.Ｔhejｕdgedeｃｉｄeswｈetherｔhesusｐectsｈoulｄｂｅｋｅｐｔinjａｉlｏr(2９）＿_______＿＿.Iｆｔｈesuspｅｃthasｎｏprｅviouscriｍｉｎalｒecordａnｄｔhejudgefeelｓtｈaｔhｅwilｌｒeｔｕｒｎｔｏcｏｕrｔ（30）__＿___＿___rｕnaｗay,hecａngofree.Otheｒwise,ｔhesｕspectmｕｓｔputuｐbaｉｌ（保释金).Atthistime,tｏｏ，thejuｄgewill（3１)＿＿＿_______acｏｕrｔlawyeｒｔｏdefeｎdthｅsuspecｔiｆｈecan’tafforｄone.Thesｕｓpectreturnstocourｔaweekoｒtwolater.Alａwyerfrｏmthediｓtrｉｃtattorney’sｏfficeprｅsentsacasｅａgaiｎstthesｕｓpect．Theattorneｙmaypreｓent（３2）＿__＿_____＿aｓwｅllaswiｔnesses.Thejudgethendｅｃidesｗhethｅrtｈereisenouｇｈｒeasｏｎtｏ（33）__＿_＿___＿_.TheAmeriｃanjustiｃeｓystemiｓvｅrycomｐlｅxandsoｍetｉmesopｅｒａｔｅsslｏｗly．Hoｗeｖer,ｅveｒysｔｅpis（3４)______＿＿＿_toｐｒotecttheriｇhｔsoｆｔhｅpeoplｅ.Ｔhｅｓｅinｄividualrightｓａｒethｅ（35)＿_＿______＿ｏftheAｍericaｎｇoverｎｍeｎt．ＰａｒｔＩIＩＲeadｉｎgCoｍｐreheｎsｉon(40miｎutes)SeｃｔioｎAＤiｒeｃtions：Iｎthiｓseｃtion,therｅisapassageｗｉtｈｔenｂlankｓ．Yｏuaｒerequiredtｏseｌeｃtｏｎｅwｏrdfｏreａchblａｎkfroｍaｌｉstofchoｉcｅｓgｉvenｉnaｗoｒdbaｎｋfolｌｏwingtheｐassagｅ．Ｒeaｄthepａｓsagethrougｈcaｒefullｙｂefoｒeｍaｋiｎgyｏurchｏｉcｅs．Eａchｃhoiceinｔhebａnkｉｓidｅntiｆiｅdbyａletｔer.PleaｓemarkｔhｅcorrｅsponｄingｌｅtteｒforeａchitemonAnｓwerSheeｔ2withaｓiｎgleｌinｅthroughtｈecentre.Yoｕmａyｎotｕｓeanｙｏfthewordｓｉntｈeｂankmoreｔhａnonｃｅ．Qｕestｉoｎｓ3６to45arｅbasｅｄontｈefollｏｗiｎgpassage.Glｏbａlwarmiｎgisaｔｒendｔoｗardwａｒｍercondｉtionsaroｕndthｅwｏrld.Ｐartofthewaｒminｇiｓnａｔｕral;wｅｈaveexpｅrｉenceda20,000-ｙｅar-loｎｇｗarmiｎgastheｌaｓtiｃeageeｎdeｄandｔheice＿＿_36_＿_aｗａy.Hoｗevｅr,wｅhavealreadyreａchedtempeｒatｕrestｈatareｉn___３7＿＿_withｏtｈerminimｕm-iｃeperｉods，socoｎtiｎuedｗａｒmｉnｇisliｋelｙnｏtｎatuｒａl.Weaｒe＿__3８__＿toaprｅdictedｗorldwiｄｅｉnｃrｅaseiｎtｅmperatｕｒes__＿3９_＿_ｂetｗｅeｎ１℃and6℃oveｒｔｈenext10０years.Ｔhewarmiｎgwｉllbemore_＿_40___ｉｎsｏmearｅas,ｌessinｏtｈerｓ,ａnｄsｏｍｅplaceｓｍａｙｅｖencoolｏff.Ｌｉkewisｅ,the＿＿_41_＿_oftｈiswarmingwillbｅｖeryｄｉｆｆeｒentdeｐｅndiｎgonｗheｒeyouare—coａｓtalａｒeasmustwｏrryabｏutrｉsｉngsｅａｌｅvｅls,whｉｌeSiberiaaｎdnortｈeｒnCanadaｍaybecomｅmorehａbitable(宜居的)and_＿_４2___ｆorｈumansｔhaｎｔhｅsearｅasarenoｗ.Thefaｃtremains,hoｗeｖer,thatitｗillｌiｋelygeｔwａrｍer,ｏn＿__43__＿,eveｒywｈere.Sｃienｔiｓｔsａrｅingenerａlaｇrｅeｍｅnｔthatthewarmeｒconditｉｏnswehａvebeenｅxperｉencingareatleａsｔiｎparttｈｅｒesｕltｏfaｈuｍan－iｎduｃeｄglobalwａｒmiｎgtｒend．Somesｃｉentisｔs_＿＿44___thaｔtheｃhangeｓwｅaｒｅseeｉngfallｗithinｔｈｅｒangeoｆrandom（无规律的)variaｔion—someyeaｒsarecolｄ,oｔｈerswaｒm,andweｈaｖｅjusｔhａdanuｎremａrｋａblestrinｇofwarmyｅars＿__4５_＿＿—bｕtthatｉｓｂecominganincｒeａsiｎglyrareｉnterpreｔationinｔhefaceoｆcontinuｅdａndiｎcｒeasingwａrｍcoｎditions.ﻩA）aｐｐealinｇﻩ I）melｔeｄﻩB)averａge ﻩ Ｊ)perｓiｓｔﻩC）contributｉng ﻩK）ｒaｎｇing D）dramaticﻩ L）recｅｎtlyﻩE）fｒequｅntly M）resolvｅdﻩF)ｉｍｐactﻩ N）sｅnsiｂleﻩG）ｌｉnｅﻩﻩ O）shoｃkﻩH)maｉntａｉnSeｃｔiｏｎBDiｒectｉonｓ:Intｈisｓecｔion,youａregoinｇtorｅａdapassaｇｅwｉtｈtenstateｍｅnｔｓaｔｔachｅdtｏit.Eaｃhstaｔｅmeｎｔcoｎtainsiｎfoｒmａｔｉｏｎgiveninｏneoftｈeｐaragrapｈs．Identifｙthｅｐaragrａｐhfromwｈichtheinfｏｒmaｔiｏｎisderiveｄ.Ｙoｕmaｙchｏoseaparagraｐhmｏreｔhａnonce.Eａｃhparagraｐｈismarkeｄwithaletter.AｎswｅｒtheqｕesｔionsbｙｍarkingｔhｅｃorｒｅｓponｄinｇｌｅtterｏnＡnsｗerSｈeet2．ＴheEndoｆｔhｅBook?Ａ）ﻩAmaｚon，byfarthｅlａrｇestbｏokｓelｌerinthecounｔry,ｒｅportedｏｎMay19thatｉtiｓnowsellinｇmorebooksｉnitselecｔroniｃKindlefoｒｍattｈａnｉｎtheoｌdｐａｐer－and-ｉnkforｍａｔ.Tｈａtiｓremarｋaｂｌe，considｅringthatthｅKindlehasonlybeｅnaｒounｄfｏrfoｕｒｙeａrs.E-booksnoｗacｃountｆor14ｐｅrceｎtofaｌlbｏokｓａlesinthiｓｃouｎtｒyａnｄａｒｅiｎcｒｅａsｉngｆarfastｅrｔhａｎoｖｅrallboｏksａles.E-bｏoksaｌesareup１46percentoveｒlａstyear,whｉlｅhaｒｄbacksalｅｓｉnｃｒeａsｅd6percｅntaｎｄpａperbackｓdecreａsｅd8ｐｅrcent.Ｂ）ﻩＤｏesｔｈisｓpｅlｌｔhｅdoｏmofthepｈysicalbooｋ?Cｅrtaｉnlynotiｍmedｉately，aｎｄpeｒhapsnotａtall．WhatｉｔｄoesmeanisthattheｂookbusｉnｅssｗｉlｌｇｏthroughatransfｏrmatiｏnｉnｔhenｅxtｄecadeorｓomoreprofoundtｈaｎanyithasseenｓiｎceGutenbeｒgｉｎtrｏｄucedｐrｉｎtｉngfrｏmmoｖeabletypeinthe1４５０s.C) Physicａlbooksｗillsurelybecｏmemuchrarerintheｍarkeｔpｌacｅ.Massmarｋetpaｐｅｒbacks,wｈｉｃhhavｅbeendｅcｌiningforｙｅａrｓanyway,wilｌprｏbaｂｌydisappear,ａｓwillhardbacksformyｓterieｓ，thrillｅrs,“romaｎcｅｆiｃtiｏn,”etc．Suchbooks,whichｏnlyrarelyendupｉnｐeｒｍａｎentｃollections，eitherprivatｅorｐｕbｌic,ｗilｌｐrｏbａblyonｌybeａvａilaｂlｅase-booksｗitｈinafｅｗyeａrｓ.Ｈａrdbａｃｋanｄtｒaｄｅpaｐerbaｃkｓfoｒ“serious”ｎoｎfｉctionandfictioｎwiｌlｓurｅｌylａｓtlonｇer.Ｐｅrhapｓitwｉｌlbecｏmｅthemarｋofanａuｔhortoreckonwiththaｔｈeｏrsheisstillｐｕｂlishｅｄinhaｒｄcｏpy.D) Asforｃhｉｌdｒen’sbｏoｋｓ,whoknowｓ?Childrｅn’sbooksarelｉkedogｆooｄiｎthattｈｅpuｒchａsersａｒenotｔheconｓuｍers,sotｈemarkeｔ(ａndthｅmarｋetｉｎg)ｉsinｈerentｌyｓtｒanｇe.Ｅ) Ｆorcluestｏthebｏoｋ’sｆutｕre,let’sloｏｋaｔsｏmeexａmpｌｅsoftechnoｌogicalchangeandsｅｅwｈatｈapｐｅnｅdtoｔｈｅｏldtechnoloｇy．Ｆ)ﻩOneｔeｃhnologyｒepｌaｃesanoｔherｏnlybecａusetheneｗｔｅchｎｏlogyｉｓbetter,ｃheａｐeｒ,oｒboth．Ｔhegreaterｔhedifｆerence,theｓｏonｅrａndｍorethoroughｌytheneｗtｅｃhnoｌｏｇyrｅplacestｈeold.Pｒintingwiｔhｍoveableｔypeoｎpaｐeｒdraｍａｔicallｙreduceｄthecｏstofprｏducingabookｃomｐaｒedｗitｈtheold－faｓｈionedoneｓhａｎdwrｉｔtenoｎveｌlum,whicｈｃomesfroｍsheepsｋｉｎ.ABiblｅ—toｂesｕｒｅ,alongbook—rｅquirｅdvｅｌlｕmmadeｆrｏm3０0shｅepｓkiｎsａnｄcountleｓsman-ｈｏursoflaｂor.Beforｅpriｎtingaｒrived,aBｉbleｃosｔmｏｒｅthanａmiｄdle-classhousｅ.Therewｅrepｅｒhaps50，0０0booｋsinalｌｏｆEuｒｏpein１450.By１５00therewere１0ｍilliｏn.Ｇ） Buｔwｈilepｒｉntinｇquｉcklycausedthehandwrittenbooktｏdieout，ｈandwritｉngliｎgeｒeｄon（继续存在)welｌｉｎtothe1６tｈcenｔｕry.Vｅｒｙsｐeciａlbｏoｋsarｅstilloccasionａllｙprｏducedonｖellｕm,bｕtthｅyaｒｅone-of-a-kiｎdsｈowpieｃes.H） Sometimｅｓanewtecｈｎoｌoｇydｏeｓｎ’tｄｒiｖetheoldoneout,bｕｔonlypartsofiｔwｈilｅｆorｃinｇｔheresｔtoevｏlｖe．Themovieｓｗerewidelyｐredicｔedtｏdriveｌiveｔheａteｒoutoftｈｅmａrｋeｔｐlaｃe,ｂuｔthｅyｄidn’ｔ,bｅｃａｕsetheaterｔｕrnｅdouｔtohaｖeqｕａlitｉesmoviｅｓcｏuldnoｔreprｏｄｕce.Equａllｙ，ＴＶwａssupposedtoreplacemoｖiesbｕt,ａgain,didnｏt.Ｉ)ﻩMovｉesｄid,ｈowevｅr,fatalｌyiｍpactｓoｍeｐartｓoflivｅtheatｅｒ.AndwhileTＶdｉdn’ｔｋiｌlｍoviｅs,ｉtdidkilｌｓecond-ratepictureｓ,shorts,andcａrｔｏｏns.Ｊ) NordｉdTVkiｌlｒadio．Cｏｍedyanddramaｓhowｓ（”ＪａckBeｎｎy,”“AmoｓanｄAndy,”“TｈｅShadow”)allmiｇｒatedｔotelｅvisiｏｎ.Butbecauseyoucaｎ’tdrivｅacａraｎdwatchteleviｓionaｔtheｓametime,ｒushhouｒbecａmerａdio’sｐrｉmetime，wｈilｅmusｉc,tａlｋ，ａnｄｎewsｒａｄiｏgrｅatlyｅｎlaｒgedtheiraudiences．Radioiｓtodayａｖerydｉfｆereｎtｂｕsinessｔｈaniｎｔhelatｅ１９40saｎdamuｃhlargｅrone.K） Sometｉｍｅsoldｔeｃhnoloｇylingersforcｅnturｉesbｅcauｓeoｆitsｓｙmbｏlｉcpower.Moｕnteｄcavalrｙ(骑兵）repｌacｅdtheｃhａｒiot（二轮战车)ｏnｔｈｅbａttlefｉｅldaround100０BC.ButcｈariotｓmainｔａiｎedtheirplaceｉｎparadｅｓandtriｕｍpｈsrｉgｈtｕpｕntｉltheendofｔheRoｍanEmpiｒe１,5００yearslａter.Thesworｄｈａsｎ’thadamｉlitａryfuｎcｔionforahundredyears,butiｓｓtillｐaｒｔｏfaｎoｆfｉcｅr’sｆｕll-drｅsｓunifｏrｍ，preｃｉｓｅlybecauseaswoｒdalｗayssymbolｉｚed“ａnofficeｒａndagｅntleｍａn.”L) Sometimｅｓneｗｔechnｏlｏgyisalitｔlｅｃrａｎky（不稳定的)aｔｆｉrst．Ｔelｅviｓionrepａｉrｍａnwaｓａｃommｏｎｏccupａtiｏｎinthe19５0s,forinｓtance.Ａnｄsｏｔｈeoldtechｎolｏgyremａinsａsabacｋup.SｔｅamｓhipscapturedthｅNortｈAtlaｎｔｉｃｐassengｅrbusinessfromｓaiｌiｎthｅ１８４0sbeｃauseofitｓmｕcｈｇreatersｐeed.Bｕtsteａｍsｈｉｐsdidn’tlosetheiｒsaiｌｓｕntiltｈｅ1880s,ｂeｃauｓeｅarlymarｉneeｎｇｉneshadanaｓtyｈabｉtofbreakiｎgｄown.Unｔｉlｓhiｐsbecａmeｌargeeｎoｕｇh（ａｎｄｅnｇinessmalｌenouｇh）tｏmoｕnttwｏenｇinｅssideｂysｉde,thｅyneedｅdｔokeｅｐｓaｉls.(Ｔhehighcostofｓｔeａmandthelｅsｓｅrnｅedｆorｓｐeedkepttheｍajoｒitｙｏftｈeｗorｌd’ｓoceanfreigｈｔｍovingｂyｓailuntilｔhｅearlyyeaｒsofｔhｅ２0thcentury.）Ｍ）ﻩTｈenthereisｔhefirｅplａce．Cｅntralhｅａtiｎgｗaspresｅntｉneｖeｒyｕpper-aｎdmiｄｄｌe－clａsｓhomｅｂyｔｈｅseｃonｄhalfofｔhe19thcenturｙ.Ｂutfunctｉonｉngfireplacesrｅmaintｏtｈｉsdayapowｅrfulseｌlingpointiｎaｈｏuseoraｐartmeｎt.Isｕspecttｈereasoｎisaｄeｅp-roｏtedloveoffire.Fiｒewａsoneｏfｔｈeeaｒｌiestmajortechnoｌogicaｌadvancesｆorhｕmａｎkind,prｏviｄiｎgｈeat,protectｉon,andcooｋedｆood(whichｉｓmuchｅasierｔoｅａtａｎｄdigeｓt）.Ｈumancoｎtrolｏfｆｉregｏesbａckfarenougｈ（oveｒamｉlliｏnyearｓ)ｔhａteｖｏlutiｏncｏulｄhａvｅproducｅｄａｇeneticlｅaｎingtowａrdsfｉｒeasaceｎｔralasｐectoｆhｕmaｎlife.N）ﻩＢoｏks—especiallyｂooksｔheaveragepｅrsoncouldａfforｄ—hａven’tｂeenaroｕndloｎgｅnoughtｏprodｕcｅevｏlｕｔｉonarｙｃhangeinｈumaｎｓ.Bｕtｔheyhａｖeaｐowerfulhoｌdonmaｎypｅoplｅｎｏnetheless，ahｏlｄextｅndiｎｇfarbeyondthｅirliteraryｃontent.Ａｔtheｉrbｅsｔ,ｔhｅｙareｗｏrksoｆａrtandｔhereisatacｔile（触觉的）pleasureinbooksnecesｓarilｙｌostine-boｏkvｅrsｉons．Theaｂilｉtytoqｕiｃklyｔhumbｔhroｕgｈpaｇesｉｓalsｏlｏst．Aｎｄaroomｗithｂookｓiｎitｉｎｄuｃｅs,atleａstiｎsoｍe,aｆeelingnoｔdissｉｍilarｔｏthatofafireinthｅｆiｒｅplaceonacoldwiｎter’sｎight．Ｏ)ﻩＦortｈeｓeｒeａsonｓIｔhinｋphｙｓicaｌbooｋｓwｉｌｌｈavealonｇeｒeｘiｓteｎceａsacommｅrcｉａlｐｒoｄucｔthansoｍeｃurrｅntlｙpｒeｄicｔ．Liｋesworｄs,ｂoｏkshavesｙmｂolｉcpoｗer.Ｌｉｋｅｆireｐｌaｃｅs,thｅyinduceaｓenｓeofcomforｔaｎdwａrｍth.Ａnd,perhapｓ,sｉｍilａrtｏsails,theyｍakｅausefｕlｂackｕpforwhｅｎthｅｌightsgooｕt．4６.ﻩAuthoｒsstilｌpubliｓｈeｄinｐrintｅdveｒsioｎswillbecｏnsｉderediｍportantoｎes.47. Somｅpeoｐleａｒestilliｎｆaｖorofprｉntedｂooksbecauseｏfthｅｓenｓｅoftoucｈtｈeｙcａnpｒovide.48.ﻩTheradiobｕsineｓshaschａnｇedgｒｅatｌｙanｄnｏwaｔtrａcｔsmoreｌｉstｅneｒs.4９. Contrarytomａｎｙｐeople’spredictｉｏnｏfitｓdeath，thefiｌmindustryｓurvived.50. Rｅmａｒｋablecｈangeshavetakenｐlacｅinthｅｂookbuｓiｎesｓ．51. Ｏldｔeｃhｎoloｇｙsometimescontinuｅstoeｘistｂecauseｏfitsrｅlｉability.52. Ｔheincrｅaｓｅofe-ｂooｋｓalesｗｉllforｃetｈebookbusiｎｅsｓtｏmakechangesｎotseenfoｒceｎｔuries．53． Anewtｅchnｏlogyiｓunlｉkｅｌytotaketheplaceofanoldonewiｔｈｏuｔaclｅaradvaｎtage．54．ﻩPａｐeｒbacｋsofpｏpularliterａtｕreaｒemoreliｋeｌｙtoｂerepｌacedｂye-books.５5.ﻩAhousewiｔｈafiｒｅｐlａcｅhａsasｔrongｅrappｅalｔobuyeｒｓ.SectiｏｎCDirectioｎs:Tｈereare2passａgesinthisｓecｔｉon．Ｅａchｐasｓageisｆoｌｌｏｗｅdbysomequｅstionsoruｎfinｉsheｄstatｅmeｎts．ＦoｒｅachoｆｔhemthｅreａrefoｕrchoｉｃesmaｒｋｅdA）,B）,C)andD)．YoushoulｄdecideonthebestcｈoiceandmａrkｔhecoｒreｓponｄiｎgｌｅtteｒonAnswｅrSheｅt2wｉｔhaｓingleｌｉnｅtｈｒｏughthｅcentre.PassａgｅOneQuestions56to60arｅｂasedonｔhｅｆolloｗｉnｇpaｓsagｅ.Theqｕestionofwhetheroｕrgoｖernｍentshouldpromotescｉenceandtｅｃhnoｌogyｏrｔheｌibｅralartsinｈｉgｈｅreducａtionｉｓｎ’ｔａneitｈｅr/oｒprｏpositｉoｎ(命题),alｔhougｈthecuｒｒeｎteｍphasｉsonpｒeｐaringyｏungAmeriｃansfｏrSTEM（sｃiｅｎce,teｃhｎolｏｇy，ｅnｇinｅerｉng,maｔhs）-rｅlaｔedfiｅlｄscａnmakeｉtsｅemｔｈaｔｗａy.Thelａtestcongｒesｓiｏnalｒｅportacknowledgesｔhecrｉticalｉmporｔancｅoｆtechnｉcaｌｔraｉnｉｎg,butaｌsｏaｓsｅrtsｔhattheｓtｕdｙｏfｔhehuｍanitｉｅs(人文学科)andsocｉalｓciｅncesmustremaiｎcentraｌcｏmpoｎentｓofAmerica’sｅduｃatｉｏｎalsysｔemaｔａｌlleｖｅｌs.Botｈaｒeａsareｃｒiticaltopｒｏｄuciｎgcitiｚensｗhocａnparticipatｅｅｆfectｉveｌyinouｒdemocｒaticsocｉｅｔy,bｅcｏmeinnovativｅ(创新的）leadｅrs，andbenefitｆｒomthｅspiritｕalenrichmeｎtthaｔtｈｅreflｅctｉononthegｒeatideasｏfｍanｋｉnｄｏveｒtimｅprovidｅｓ．Pａrｅntｓanｄstudenｔｓｗhohaveinvesｔedｈeavｉlyiｎｈigheｒeducａｔionｗoｒryaboutｇraduａｔｅs’ｊｏｂproｓｐectｓastechnoｌogicalaｄvancｅsａndｃhaｎgesindoｍｅstｉｃanｄglobａlmaｒkeｔstraｎsｆormｐrｏfessｉｏnｓiｎｗaystｈatreｄucewagesandcutjobs.Undeｒtｈeｓeciｒcｕmsｔａncｅｓ,iｔ’snaturalｔolookfｏｒｗhatmaｙａpｐeartｏｂetheｍosｔ“practical”ｗayoutoｆthｅproｂlem:“Ｍaｊorinasubｊeｃｔｄｅsignｅdｔoｇeｔyouajob”seemsｔｈeobviousａｎswertoｓｏｍe,ｔｈoｕgｈtｈisignoｒｅsｔhefaｃtthaｔｍanydiｓcipｌinesinthehumaｎitieschａｒacｔｅrizedas“soft”oｆten,infact，leadｔｏemploymentandsucceｓsinthelｏngrun.Indeed，ａccoｒdiｎｇtosurｖｅｙs,employershaｖｅｅxpｒeｓseｄaprefｅrencefoｒstudentsｗhohavereceｉvedabｒoadlｙ-bａｓｅｄeducaｔｉoｎthatｈastauｇhtｔhｅmtowrｉｔewell，ｔhinkcritically，rｅｓearｃｈcreatiｖｅlyａｎdcommｕnｉｃａtｅeａｓily.Morｅｏｖｅr,studｅntssｈouldbeｐreparｅdnotjｕstfortｈｅｉｒfiｒstｊｏb,butforｔｈeiｒ4thand5thjｏbｓ，asthere’slｉttｌｅreasontodoｕｂｔｔhatpｅｏpleenterｉｎｇｔheｗｏrkforｃetｏdaywiｌｌbecalｌｅｄuｐontｏplaymanydiffeｒeｎtｒolesoｖeｒthecourseoｆｔheｉrcareeｒs.Thｅｏneswhowilｌdothebestiｎthisnewenviｒonmｅｎｔｗｉｌｌbｅthｏsewｈｏseeduｃａtioｎshａveｐreparedｔｈemtoｂｅflｅｘibｌe.Theabilitytodrawｕponeveryavailａbletoolａｎdiｎsiｇhｔ—piｃkedｕpfromscｉeｎce，ａrｔsａｎｄｔeｃhｎｏlｏgy—tosolvetheｐroblｅmsofｔｈefuture,andｔakｅadvanｔageoｆtｈeoppoｒtunitiesｔhatprｅsenｔtheｍsｅｌvｅs,willbｅhelpfuｌtoｔｈemandｔｈeUｎiteｄStaｔeｓ.56. Ｗｈatdｏesthｅlatｅｓｔcｏｎｇrｅsｓｉoｎalreportｓｕｇgｅst? A）STEM-relatedsuｂjectshelｐsｔuｄenｔsfindｊｏｂsｉｎｔheinｆoｒmaｔｉonｓocieｔy． B）TｈｅhuｍａnitiｅsandSTEMsuｂｊectssｈoｕlｄbeｇiｖｅnｅqualimportａｎce.ﻩC）Tｈelibeｒａlaｒtsｉnhiｇhereｄuｃａｔionheｌpenrｉchｓtudeｎts’spirituａlliｆe. Ｄ）Hiｇｈerｅdｕcａtｉonｓhoulｄｂeadjｕｓtedtothepｒactiｃalneedｓｏfsociety.57．ﻩWhａtisthｅmaｉnconcernofstudentｓwhenｔｈeyｃhoｏseａmａjｏr? A）Tｈeiｒiｎtereｓtiｎrelevanｔsubjeｃtｓ. C)Tｈｅｑuaｌityｏfedｕcatｉontｏrecｅｉve. Ｂ)Tｈeaｃadｅmicvalueofｔhecｏuｒsｅs.ﻩD)Thｅirchａｎｃesofｇettinｇａgｏｏｄjoｂ.５８. Whaｔｄoｅsｔheaｕthｏrｓａyａboutｔheｓo-calledｓoftsubｊｅcts？ﻩA)Ｔheyｂeneｆitｓtｕｄentｓｉntheｉrfutuｒelifｅ.ﻩ Ｂ)Tｈｅybroaｄenｓtuｄeｎts’rａnｇｅofinterests.ﻩC)Thｅyimprｏveｓｔudents’comｍuｎicａtionｓkills.D)Thｅyareｅｓｓeｎtialtostudentｓ’heaｌthygrowth.59.ﻩWhatkinｄｏfjｏbapplｉcantｓdｏeｍploｙeｒsｌoｏkfor? A)Thoseｗhoｈaveaｓtrongsｅnｓｅoｆresponｓibiｌｉtｙ.ﻩB）Ｔhosewｈoareｇoｏdatsolvingｐrａcｔicalprobｌｅms.ﻩC）Ｔhｏsewhoaｒelikｅlytｏｂｅcomｅinnovatｉｖeleaders.ﻩＤ)Thoｓewｈｏhavｅrｅceivedａwell－rounｄｅdedｕcatｉon.60.ﻩWhａtaｄｖiceｄoestheａｕｔhorgｉvetocollegestudents?ﻩＡ）Sｅｉｚeopporｔunitiestotaptｈeｉrpｏtｅnｔｉａl. B）Ｔryｔotａkeavarietyofｐraｃtｉｃalｃouｒses.ﻩC）Prepaｒethｅｍselvesfordｉffereｎtｊｏboｐtｉoｎｓ. D)Aｄoptafｌeｘiｂleapproacｈtosoｌvingpｒoblemｓ．PassagｅTwｏQuestｉｏnｓ61to６5arebaｓedonｔｈeｆollowiｎgpａssaｇｅ.Eneｒgyｉndepenｄenｃe.Iｔｈasａnicｅrｉngtoｉｔ，ｄoeｓn’tit?Iｆyｏｕthinｋso,you’rｅｎotalonｅ,beｃauｓeenergyindependencｅｈasｂｅentｈｅdreamoｆAmｅrｉｃanpresiｄenｔsfｏrdecades,anｄnevermoｒｅｓotｈaｎinthepastfewyears,ｗｈｅnｔhｅmｏsｔrｅｃentｏilｐriceshockhasbeenpartlyresｐonｓibleｆoｒkｉckｉnｇoffｔｈegｒｅatｒｅcｅsｓiｏn．“Enｅrgyindepeｎdeｎｃe”ａｎditsrｈetorical(修辞的）compaｎｉon“ｅnｅｒgysecｕｒity”are，howeｖeｒ，ｓｌippeｒｙcｏnceptsｔｈatarｅｒａｒelythoughtthｒough.Whaｔisiｔwewａntiｎdepenｄeｎcefrom,exａcｔｌy?Mｏstpｅｏpleｗｏuldprobaｂlｙsａythaｔthｅywantｔｏｂeｉndeｐenｄｅnｔfroｍimporｔｅdoiｌ.Butｔhereareｒｅａsoｎsthatwebuyａllthatoｉｌfromelsewｈｅre.Ｔhefiｒｓtreasonistｈatｗeneｅｄiｔtｏkeｅpoｕrｅcｏnomyrunniｎg．Yｅs，thｅreiｓaｔrｉcｋle（涓涓细流）ｏfbiｏfueｌ（生物燃料)ａvaiｌaｂle,anｄmoremaｙbeｃomeavailablｅ，butmostbiｏfｕeｌscauseecｏnomｉｃwasｔeａndｅnvironmentalｄestructioｎ.Secｏｎｄ,Ａmeriｃａnｓhavebasiｃaｌｌydecｉdedthattheyｄon’trｅalｌyｗantｔoprodｕcealltheiｒownoiｌ.Ｔheｙvalｕetｈeenｖｉｒｏｎmｅntａlｑｕaｌｉtytheypｒeserveoｖertheiroｉlimpｏｒｔsfromabrｏad.VａstareａsoftheUnｉｔedStatｅsａｒeoff－limitstooileｘplorationaｎdpｒoｄucｔｉｏninｔhe