新概念英语第四册第三单元单词学习

新概念英语第三单元单词学习pioneer开辟，倡导；先锋，开辟者【释义】apersonwhoisamongthefirsttoexploreorsettleanewcountryorarea拓荒者，开拓者；开发者afamouspioneerofbirthcontrol计划生育的著名倡导者Hepioneeredtheuseoftelevisioninlessons.他开创了在教学中使用电视的做法。PioneersfromtheEastsettledinthisregionin1875.1875年,来自东部的拓荒者在这个地区定居。Heisapioneerinmodernmedicalpractice.他是现代医学实践的先驱。Thiscompanypioneeredtheuseofsiliconchip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。summit顶峰【释义】thehighestpointofahillormountain顶峰；最高点■(figurative)thehighestattainablelevelofachievement.(喻)（成就的）顶峰，极点Thedramasareconsideredtoformoneofthesummitsofworldliterature.这些戏剧被看作是世界文学的一个顶峰。ameetingbetweenheadsofgovernment政府首脑会议，最高级会议Theyclimbedupthemountainandreachedthesummit.他们爬山,最终达到了山顶。AWesternEuropeansummitwasheldinBonn.在波恩举行了西欧各国首脑会议。asummitconference[meeting]最高级会议ThePicLongisthehighestsummitintheregion.长峰是该地区的最高峰。WewerestandingattheverysummitofthehighestmountaininIndia.我们就站在全印度的最高峰上。Theyreachedbasecamp,12000feetbelowthesummit.他们抵达了离顶1.2万英尺的大本营。【搭配】VERB+SUMMITThe2004summitwashostedbyJapan.2004年峰会是由日本主办的。（have,hold,host）ThesemeasuresweredecidedatasummitinJuly.这些措施是在7月的峰会上决定的。attain到达clarifyyourobjectivesandwaysofattainingthem说明你的目标和实现目标的方法。HeattainedtherankofBrigadier.他获得了准将军衔。Humanbeingscanattainhappiness.人类能获得幸福。■reach(aspecifiedage,size,oramount).达到（一定年龄、规模或数量）Dolphinscanattainspeedsinwaterwhichmancannotyetemulate.海豚在水中可以达到人类无法企及的速度。Heattainedthepositionofminister.他得到了部长的职位。Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.她实现了成为一名飞行员的志向。attainone'sgoal达到目的attaintheageof(年龄)有...岁了attainthetopofamountain到达山顶perilous危险的【释义】fullofdangerorrisk充满危险的aperilousjourneysouth危险的南部旅行。Theeconomyisinaperilousstate.经济处于崩溃状态。shudder不寒而栗【释义】[noobj.](ofaperson)trembleconvulsively,typicallyasaresultoffearorrepugnance（人）战栗，打颤，发抖Heshudderedwithrevulsion.他因情绪突变而战栗。Ishuddertothinkofretirement.我想起退休的事就不寒而栗。Thetrainshudderedandedgedforward.火车震动着，徐徐向前开。Heslammedonthebrakesandthecarshudderedtoahalt.他猛踩刹车，车颤抖着停住了。Thenewssentashudderthroughtheaudience.这消息使听众激动得直发抖。Shegavealittleshudderwhenshetouchedhisclammyhand.摸到他湿冷的手时，她微微一颤。repress,suppressashudder抑制住颤抖:Herepressedashudderofdisgust.他不让自己因厌恶而颤抖。Thesightofthecoffinsentashudderthroughhim.看到那副棺材，他浑身一阵战慄。withashudder颤抖着Herememberedthatawfulmomentwithashudder.想起那可怕的时刻，他一阵战慄。Sheshudderedinvoluntarilyasheapproachedher.他靠近她时，她不由自主地颤抖起来。Sheshudderedatthememoryofschoolexams.想起学校的考试，她就一阵哆嗦。court追求【释义】[withobj.](dated)beinvolvedwithromantically,typicallywiththeintentionofmarrying(旧)追求；恋爱；求爱；求婚Hewascourtingagirlfromtheneighboringfarm.他在追求相邻农场的一个女孩。Wewenttothecinemawhenwewerecourting.我们恋爱时常去看电影。gotocourt/takelegalaction上法院；打官司Theyaretryingtosettlethesquabbleoutofcourt.他们正试图私下解决争端。anout-of-courtsettlement私下了结Therewereseveralcourtingcouplesinthepark.公园里有几对谈情说爱的男女。bringintocourt诉诸法律，[转]引为证据bringtocourt诉诸法律，[转]引为证据clearthecourt禁止旁听，命旁人退席gotocourt上朝，朝见君主；上法院；打官司holdcourt开庭，开审，(国王)上朝incourt在法庭上laughoutofcourt对...置之一笑，讥笑，嘲笑outofcourt【律】被驳回，无诉讼权利；(论点，计划等)不值得考虑，不值一顾；没有理由［根据］payone'scourtto奉承，献殷勤，(向女子)求爱［婚］makeone'scourttoThecommitteeruledanyfurtherdiscussiononthematteroutofcourt.委员会拒绝对此事进一步讨论。Mysuggestionwasruledoutofcourtbecauseitwastooexpensive.我的提议耗资太大，因此被否决。Thisisthehighestcourtintheland.这是该国的最高法院。Theytooktheircasetotheappealcourt.他们把案子提请上诉法院审理。Wearepreparedtogotocourttogetourcompensation.我们愿意打官司索赔。Theirneighborstookthemtocourt.他们的邻居把他们告上了法庭。Thecaseshouldnotbeallowedtogotocourt.这个案子法庭不应当受理。Therewasn’tenoughevidencetobringthecasetocourt.没有足够的证据可把此案提交法庭。Thedisputewassettledoutofcourt.争端已庭外和解。Sheistooyoungtoappearbeforethecourt.她年纪太小，不应出庭。Hewillappearincourttomorrowchargedwiththemurder.他被控谋杀罪，明天出庭。ThecourtwaspresidedoverbyJudgeOwen.那宗案件由欧文法官主持审理。Thecourtheardhowthemotherhadbeatenthe11-year-oldboy.法庭听取了这个母亲如何暴打那个11岁男孩的经过。ThecourtacquittedReeceofthemurderofhiswife.法庭宣告里斯谋杀其妻的罪名不成立。Thecourtdismissedtheappeal.法院驳回了上诉。Thecourtupheldtheplaintiff’sclaimofunfairdismissal.法院支持原告声称解雇不公平。Thecourtheldthatshewasentitledtoreceivecompensation.法庭认定她有权获得赔偿。Shetriedtogetacourtordertopreventhimfromcomingnearher.她试图争取法院命令以阻止他接近自己。Hereceivedacourtsummonsfornon-paymentoftax.他接到法院的欠税传票。Divorcenolongerrequiresacourtappearance.离婚不再需要出庭。Theycouldnowfaceacourtbattleforcompensation.他们现在也许面临着一场争取赔偿的法庭之战。Shewasappointedahighcourtjudgein1998.*1998年，她获任命为高等法院法官。HewasfoundguiltyatSwindonCrownCourt.他在斯温登刑事法庭被判有罪。Thecaseisnowbeforethecourt.这个案子现已提交法庭审理。Hewaschargedwithcontemptofcourtaftershoutingatawitness.他因对证人大喊大叫而被控犯有藐视法庭罪。Thecasewillbeheardbythecourtofappealnextmonth.该案将于下月由上诉法院听证审理。Idon’tthinkthatargumentwouldstandupinacourtoflaw.我认为这个论据在法庭上站不住脚。Thechildwasmadeawardofcourtwhenherparentswerejailed.孩子的父母进了监狱之后，她就由法院监护。Offcourtsheisjustasaggressiveassheisonthecourt.球场下的她和球场上一样咄咄逼人。Theplayershavebeenoncourtforanhour.选手们已经上场一个小时了。Hespentthreemonthsassiduouslycourtinganewspapereditor.他花了3个月殷勤地追求一位报社编辑。solitary唯一的【释义】doneorexistingalone独自完成的；独居的Iliveaprettysolitarylife.我过着差不多是隐居的生活。Tigersareessentiallysolitary.老虎本质上是独居动物。【释义】(ofaplace)secludedorisolated.（地方）偏僻的；荒凉的solitaryfarmsteads偏僻的农庄。【释义】[attrib.][oftenwithnegative]single;only.单个的；惟一的Wehavenotasolitaryshredofevidencetogoon.我们没有任何证据可以继续下去。Sheleadsaverysolitarylife.她过着非常孤独的生活。impoverish使贫困【释义】[withobj.]make(apersonorarea)poor使（人，地区）贫穷impoverishedpeasantfarmers陷入贫困的农民们。【释义】exhaustthestrength,vitality,ornaturalfertilityof使（力量，活力，肥力）枯竭Thesoilwasimpoverishedbyannualburning.土壤因每年燃烧而缺乏肥力。Theywereimpoverishedbyaprolongedspellofunemployment.他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。Itsusespreadsdiseaseandimpoverishestheland.用了它之后,病害蔓延,土地贫瘠。coarse粗劣的【释义】roughorlooseintextureorgrain粗的，粗糙的acoarsewhitepowder粗粒的白色粉末。coarsefare粗食coarsecloth粗布coarsemanners粗鲁的态度［举止］coarsepored大孔状［隙］的acoarsejoke粗俗的笑话coarse-fibredadj.粗纤维的coarse指“言语、举止等粗鲁的或不雅的”，如：Don'tusecoarsewordsbeforealady.在妇女前不要讲粗鲁的话。gross指“粗野的”、“下流的”，如：arevoltinglygrossexpletive下流得令人作呕的一个虚词。vulgar指“粗俗的”、“卑下的”、“庸俗的”，表示说话者对述及者的态度或意见，如：Heisamanofvulgartaste.他是个有低级趣味的人。coarsesand.粗沙coarselanguage鄙俗言语同义词：uncouthcrudeearthygrossbumpychoppycommoncrudeinferiorpoorroughvulgar反义词：delicatefine相关词：coarse-grainedunrefinedinferiorindecenttroughboast自恃有【释义】[reportingverb]talkwithexcessiveprideandself-satisfactionaboutone'sachievements,possessions,orabilities自夸，自吹自擂，夸耀Tedusedtoboast‘Imanagetenpeople’.特德过去常吹嘘道:"我管十个人。Heboastedthathehadtakenpartinthecrime.他自吹自擂说自己参与了那桩犯罪活动。Sheboastedabouthermanyconquests.她自夸有很多人拜倒在她的石榴裙下。[withobj.](ofaperson,place,orthing)possess(afeaturethatisasourceofpride)（人