高一语法：主谓一致【2015全新升级版】课件

Subject-Verbagreement主谓一致Subject-Verbagreement定义：

所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间保持数量和人称方面的一致,即主语的单复数和人称决定着谓语动词的形式。什么是主语和谓语注意：形意有别树干?句子树枝?句子成分Look,thetree!词汇树叶?主语谓语宾语状语定语补语表语句子的成分表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Therich

shouldhelpthepoor.-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式-主语从句-名词化adj.主语一般位于句首！关注形式主语it!主语在哪儿1.

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.Thestudents

ofourclassoftenspeakEnglish.3.

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.

Theyoung

aretolookuptotheold.7.

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.10.Whenandwheretomeetisunknown.练习：在下面句子的主语下划横线，并说出由什么充当是句子的核心动词，说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,词形有“四位一体”的变化。主谓要一致谓语

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.谓语动词变形要遵循“四位一体”的要求：时态+语态+主谓一致+语气

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪儿

TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词或情态动词须和实义动词/系表结构一起构成复合谓语

Helooksaftertwoboys.

Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.？主语必须在句首吗？？主语和谓语必须挨着吗？？主语必须在谓语前面吗？Theboy___diving.They

____diving.Both

Jack

and

Tim

___diving.Allof

them____diving.Neither

Jack

nor

Tim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Diving

____veryinteresting.is牛刀小试BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBoth

Mike

and

Bob____workers.areNeither

Mike

nor

Bob___ateacher.isBillNeither

of

them_________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knowsAllof

them______workers.Noneof

them____________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/

know找准主语Eachofus___(have)thatbook.

Weeach_____(have)thatbook.hashaveTheholidaywehavebeenlookingforwardto________(come)es断定谓语1或不可数≧2主语三个原则语法一致意义一致就近原则稳！准！谓语夯实基础语法一致原则：主语为单数可数名词或不可数名词以及相当于它们的结构（动名词、不定式、主语从句等）时，谓语动词要用单数词形；而主语为复数可数名词或多主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。语法一致原则Collectingstamps

ishishobby.集邮是他的爱好。Waterandair

are

needed.水和空气都是必需的。解题关键：形Part1关注“特殊”名词常用的绝对不可数名词：clothing,equipment,baggage,fun,news,furniture,weather,advice,progress,information,jewelry等。1.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,shorts等以及goods,stairs,wages,surroundings,thanks,suburbs等,通常只用其复数形式,谓语动词用复数（被apairof修饰时除外）。如:Theshoesare

dirty.鞋子脏了。

Thepair

ofshoesis

dirty.这双鞋脏了。语法一致原则的几种特殊情况：Fewofthecars_______checked.这些车几乎都没有被检查过。Neitherofthestudents_____here.两名学生都没在这里。

were

is2.主语为不定代词both,many,(a)few时，谓语动词用复数形式；主语为不定代词each,either,neither,every-,some-,any-,no-时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.manya(n),morethanone与单数名词组成短语作主语,谓语用单数。

Manyachild

hasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。

Morethanonemeans

hasbeentried.不只一种方法被尝试过了。我是单数！意义一致原则意义一致原则：谓语形式不取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的名词作主语在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的名词作主语在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。解题关键：义Part2形意有别1.不定代词all,most,some,any,none,half,partof,lotsof,plentyof,therest(of),thelast(of)以及名词性物主代词或分数、百分数作主语,谓语动词视主语含义而定或与of后面的名词保持一致。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。

are

is意义一致原则的几种特殊情况：即学即练(语法填空)：1.Halfofthestudents________________(finish)

their

compositions.

一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。2.Morethan70%ofthesurfaceoftheearth____________(cover)withwater.

大于70%的地球表面被水覆盖。3.Aboutonethirdofthebook____________(miss).

这本书的大约三分之一缺失了。havefinishediscoveredismissing2.单数形式集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数，主要由句子的意思决定：强调整体时谓语动词用单数；强调内部成员时,谓语动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有：

public,family,class,crowd,team,population,army,group,audience,club,company,union,government等。

Hisfamily

____hisgreatestconcern.

家人是他最大的牵挂。

His

family

____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。但要注意：people（人们、人民）,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。

Thepolice

were

presentatthespot,butonlyonepolicewoman

was

amongthem.

The

cattle

areeatinggrassonthehill.is

are

3.某些名词以s结尾，表示学科、国名、书刊名、组织机构名称等，如：politics,physics,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations

等，谓语动词用单数。

Physicsis

averyinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。

Rootsis

afamousAmericannovel.我是单数！4.有些名词单数和复数同形,作主语时,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:

means,works,series,species,crossroads;deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。

Noteverymeans

is

useful.

不是每种方法都好使。

Notallmeans

are

useful.

不是所有的方法都好使。5.时间、距离、价格、度量等名词的复数作主语时常表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

Thirtyyears

is

notalongtime.

Tendollars

is

enough.

我是单数！6.主语是the+形容词(或分词)结构,表示类指，谓语通常用复数，如:thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,theblind,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed

等;但表示特指时（指个别）,

谓语形式则视语境而定。例如：Theblindstudy

in

specialschools.Thedeparted(死者)

was

awell-knownengineer.7.what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever)等引导的主语从句，其对应的主句谓语应视语境而定。如：

Whatweneedis

moreequipment.

Whatweneed

are

moreworkers.either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso

…,whether...or,or,not…but…在句子中连接并列主语时或者在therebe句型中出现并列主语时,谓语动词要和临近的主语保持一致。就近原则Eitherthechildorhisparents

arewrong.Iseitherthechildorhisparentswrong?解题关键：位Part3近水楼台先得月！1.Notonlythestudentsbutalso

theteacherwishes

foraholiday.2.EitheryouorJane

is

tobesenttoChina.3.NeitherRichardnor

I

am

going.4.NotyoubutIam

wrong.5.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Sentencesasexamples:特殊句式/结构中的主谓一致问题

A.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.就近原则（略）2.

and连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况：1）指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。其结构为：※bothAandB,※冠词+Aand冠词+B,※冠词+AandB(A、B不兼容),Part4or(1)TheChineseandtheEnglishdictionary________(belong)tome.(2)Bothwaterandair_____(be)

needed.(3)Adoctorandnurse_________________(send)theresofar.用所给单词的适当形式填空：belongarehavebeensent2）但如果连接两个或以上的名词共指同一个人或物,或者指同一概念时,谓语要用单数。其结构为：※冠词+AandB(A、B兼容)

※冠词+AandB（表示一套/副用具）※冠词+AandB（表示混合物）我是单数！

Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.

那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。

Theknifeandfork____onthetable.

刀叉在桌子上。

Lotsofsandandmud____washedawaybyfloodseveryyear.每年大量的泥沙被洪水冲走。

isisis用适当的单词形式填空：注意：两个或两个以上的不定式、动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语通常用复数。但是如果这个结构指一个共同概念，仍然用单数。Whathesaysandwhathedoes

do

notagree.Earlytogotobedandearlytorise

makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.即学即练：Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided3.every/each/no/manya(n)…

+

and+[every/each/no/manya(n)]…结构中，and连接两个单数名词做主语,谓语动词常使用单数。Everyboyand(every)girl

intheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundand(no)voice

isheard.听不到任何声音。我是单数！找准主语！

AliceisoneofthestudentswhoIamsurealways

dotheirbestinmostdifficultsituations.

AliceistheveryoneofthestudentswhoIamsurealwaysdoesherbestinmostdifficultsituations.B.其他特殊句式或结构中的主谓一致

1.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

Those

whoenjoy

singingmayjoinus.

Tom,whois

yourfriend,shouldhelpyou.2.强调句型中如果强调主语，要注意that/who后面的谓语形式与被强调的主语保持一致。Itis

I

that/whoam

yourbestfriend.我才是你最好的朋友。Itiswhatyoudo

ratherthanwhatyousaythat

matters.正是你做了什么而不是你说了什么才重要。3.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后面的主语一致。例如:

Betweenthetwowindows

hangs

apicture.

Onthemapexist

twocitiesbothcalledBirmingham.主语主语4.

主语后有介词：with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,including,without,except,but,ratherthan等构成的短语，谓语动词的形式随介词前面的主语变化。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.

老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。主语

A.

Marytogetherwithherfriends_____（live)abroad.

B.

Allbutone______(be)herejustnow.

C.

Sheaswellastheotherteachers_____(be)goingtoanotherpark.

D.

Hisparents,

ratherthantheboy,

_____(be)toblame.

E.

Thepassengersincludingtheboy_____(be)excitedthen.

F.

Nooneexcept/butme______(know)aboutit.即学即练：liveswereisarewereknows1）a/this/that/

each/every+kind/sort/type/pair/seriesof…作主语,其谓语用单数;several/these/those/all/different/various+kinds/sorts/types/pairs/seriesof…作主语，谓语用复数。另外，men

ofthiskind结构的谓语用复数。例如：

Thiskind

ofmenis

dangerous.

Men

ofthiskindare

dangerous.5.应该注意的几个主语修饰语:2）

a(n)number/total/variety/average

of+pl.

作主语时,谓语动词用复数;thenumber/total/variety/averageof+pl.

作主语时,谓语动词用单数。试比较：

Anumberofnewbooks

are

onthedesk.Thenumber/totalofstudentsinourclass

is

50.3）a(large)quantityof和

(large)quantitiesof均可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，作主语时,前者谓语动词依语境而定,后者谓语动词只用复数。Alargequantityofmoney

is

neededhere.Alargequantityofnewbookswerepublishedlastyear.试对比:Quantities

offood/papers

were

onthetable.

Alargeamountof(=Agreatdealof)damagewas

doneinaveryshorttime.

Largeamountsofmoneywere

spentontheproject.4）alargeamountof和largeamountsof均修饰不可数名词，作主语时,前者的谓语动词用单数;后者的谓语动词通常用复数。例如:Thenumberofteachershere_____(be)about300.Anumberofteachers_____(be)workinghardeveryday.Largequantitiesofwater______(be)sentthere.Alargequantityofbooks______(be)soldout.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____(have)beenthere.Heistheoneoftheboyswho_____(have)been

there.isarewereare

havehas即学即练：主谓一致问题解题思路解析结构，明确主谓；三个原则，具体分析；谓语变形，四项兼顾；

定语从句、强调句、倒装句、主语后有介词短语或有定语、状语、同位语语法一致意义一致就近原则主谓一致时态语态语气Let'spractise!语法填空：1.Thegirllikeboys_____(like)playingfootball.2.

To

learn

two

languages

_____

(be)

not

easy.3.

______

(

be)

there

any

police

around?4.

What

he

gaveme

_____

(be)

someusefuladvice.5.

Three

months

___________(pass)sincethen.6.

Bread

and

butter

___

(be)

daily

food

in

the

west.7.

More

than

one

boy

__________

(be)

therebefore.8.

Bikes

of

this

new

type

_________

(make)

in

China.9.

Insidethewalls

_______

(stand)

atalltree.10.

The

agreeable

____

(be)

not

always

the

useful.likesisAreishaspassedishasbeenaremadestandsare单句改错1:（1）Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar，talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.（2）Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.（3）Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.（4）Butthentherewasalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.（5）

Notall

informationaregoodtosociety.weregivesarewereis单句改错2:（1）HerparentswereinShanghai,andsowashis.（2）Asisknowntousall,rememberingEnglishwordsarenoteasy.（3）Thepolicewaslookingforthemurderereverywhereinthecity.（4）WritingEnglishandspeakingitisdifferentthings.（5）Itistheparentsandtheirsonwhowantstobuythebicycle.（6）Whathesaidatthemeetingwereveryimportanttous.（7）

HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoTibet.单项选择：1.

Asurveyoftheexperts’opinions______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.

show；areB.

shows；isC.

show；isD.

shows；are

解析：“asurvey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。

答案：B2.

Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.

isB.

areC.

hasbeen

D.

havebeen

解析：主语是“thetime”，故谓语动词用单数。

答案：A3.NotonlyIbutJaneandMary________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.

is

B.

are

C.am

D.be

解析：notonly...but(also)...连接并列主语要采取就近原则，此句主语应是JaneandMary，故谓语为复数。

答案：B4.

MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.

areB.

isC.

being

D.

tobe

解析：主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语动词用is。

答案：B5.

Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.

isB.

areC.

wasD.

were

解析：apoetandartist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。

答案：A6.

Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.

isgoing

B.

goC.

goesD.

aregoing

解析：主语仍为thefather，单数形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。

答案：C7.

________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.

Twofifth；isB.

Twofifth；areC.

Twofifths；isD.

Twofifths；are

解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。

答案：C8.

Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.

isusedB.

areusedC.

hasbeenusedD.

havebeenused

解析：everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。

答案：C9.

Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland.A.

number；hasB.

quantity；hasC.

number；haveD.

quantity；have

解析：alargenumberof不修饰不可数名词；alargequantityof＋不可数名词，谓语用单数。

答案：B10.

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.

is

B.

areC.

havebeen

D.

hasbeen

解析：有theonly修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。

答案：D11.

ThepopulationofChina________over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation________peasants.A.

is；areB.

are；isC.

is；isD.

are；are

解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。

答案：A12.Whoever________tosavethedrowninggirl________worthpraising.A.hashelped；isB.havelelped；isC.havehelped；are

D.hashelped；are

解析：whoever引导的主语从句强调个体含义，故谓语也用单数。

答案：A

13.

Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother________toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.

areB.

haveC.

isD.

had

解析：either...or...遵循就近一致的原则，因yourelderbrother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。

答案：C14.

30%ofthecattle________thin，buttherest________fat.A.

are；are

B.

is；isC.

is；areD.

are；is

解析：句中主语分别为thecattle/therestofthecattle，即“牛/余下的牛”