初中英语语法专题专讲-非谓语动词讲解及练习1

中考英语非谓语动词一、动词不定式的用法（要点1、结构及特色：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时能够不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能够作谓语，但能够担当除谓语外的任何成分一一主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特色，即它能够有自己的宾语和状语。不定式的语态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing不定式时态一般时态Ihopetoseeyouagain.有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生在谓语动词的动作此后完成Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes语动词表示的动词前

，有时发生动作发生在谓进行Heseemstobeeatingsomething表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特色，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。作主语例女口:ToleannEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytoleannEnglishwell.［说明］动词不定式作主语时，经常用it作形式主语,这类句型可归纳为下边的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.当形容词表示事物的特色，特色或客观形式，常有的形容词有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwoIanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth形容词表示性格,道德或表示主观感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2作表语Mywishistobecomeateacher.be动词此后，形成表语，常用来表示预约要发生的动作，也可用来表示将来的可能性和假设3作宾语只可用不定式作宾语的动词askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也能够接动名词rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下来开始跑Istoprunning.我停下来不跑了。it作形式宾语Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4作宾语补足语1不定式作宾补askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2使役动词省略toletmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.3Couldyouhelpme(toclosethewindow?5作定语Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未发生的动作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6作状语Hestoppedtohavealook.［说明］动词不定式的否定形式:not+to+动词原形组成例女口:Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后边能够按动词不定式，组成动词不定式短语，能够在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。网如：（1）Hedoesn'tknowliowgu翌申巳mMEg.（不加式作K语）比方；（1）Hedoesn'tknowhowfous巳th巳machine（不疋成作宾语）比方t口）Hedoesn'tknowhowtous匕tlwmachine（不宜成作宾诵）比方：（1）Hedoesnlknoi1使役动词let,have,make:2感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,fine等后作宾补,省略to。注意:在被动语态中则to不能够省却。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【难点】6不定式的特别句型：1tooto太而不能够so/such+adj/adv+asto+v表结果Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2enoughtodo足以做Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3Whynot+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为:"为何不?Whynottakeaholiday?4soas(nottodo:inordertodoonlytodotodo表示目的DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5用作介词的“to”okforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;devoteoneselfto献身于;be/getusedto习惯等等。IC*TmH动名词的用法二、动词的-ing形式:形式主动式被动式般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般时态Doyoumindmysmokinghere?动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作此后或者两个动作同时发生完成时态Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作从前在下边两种句型中，只好用动名词There+be+no+动名词Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+动名词ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking.只好够接动名词的动词也许动词短语dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比较：1共同点:动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，所以它们一般都能够放在句中除了谓语之外的其余地址。差别①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后边的动作还未发生，其他,若谓语动词后边的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词此后组成动宾短语或介宾短3接不定式或动名词，意义同样:begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoingcontinuetodocontinuedoing4动名词与不定式语义不同样：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing分词的用法现在分词（doing/havingdone和过去分词（done现在分词的用法用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起组成进行时态Whatareyoudoingnow?2.作定语1所修饰名词正在进行的动作Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2所修饰名词的特色和性质Donoreadinamovingcar.3.作表语，表示主语的特色和性质Thestoryisinteresting.4.作宾语补足语（seewatchnoticehearfindgetkee等Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.过去分词的用法过去分词一般表示完成的也许被动的动作用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起组成完成时态也许被动语态Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.2.作定语Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.过去分词作定语时放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后边作表语Thecupisbroken.作宾语补足语Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，现在分词与动名词，形态上完整同样，动词加上ing但是二者有一个实质的差别，现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，而动名词起名词的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考点讲解】1、考察非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能够担当句子中的主语。［考例】h'sverynice__________picturesforme［天津］ofyoutodrawforyoutodrawforyoudrawingofyoudrawing［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察lt's+形容词+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it为形式主语,todo是真切的主语，当形容词是表示质量意思时，应该用ofsb.,其余形容词用forsb.,故此题答案为Ao2、考察非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy_____allthewindows?Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］closeBwillcloseC.closingD.toclose［答案］C［剖析］动词mind意为介意”后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badminton［07黔岭东南州］toplayBplayingC.played［答案］B［剖析］enjoy后跟动词的ing形式作宾语，即:enjoydoingsomething,意为--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumind___thewindows?OK」'IIdoitrightnow.［黄冈市］A.notclosingBnotopeningCclosingD.opening［答案］D［剖析］mind是中考的要点考察词汇，此后跟v—ing表示介意”。---Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble______thetext.一Remember___itthreetimesatleast威海市］A.tounderstand;readingBunderstanding;readingCunderstanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toreadatnight.［答案］C［剖析］havetroubledoingsomething意为做某事有困难”所以答案在B与C中。remembertodosomething意为记得（去做某事”,rememberdoingsomething意为记得做过某事”由对话的语境可知，前者正确。--Howareyoufeelinghere?【碍例】lthsverynice_________picturesfornne［天;聿］howwhenC.whetherD.where［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑问词是走仍是留下来。”应选Co

+动词不定式”的用法。依据句意

我不知道【右例】Itsverynice_________picturesforme.［天津］for,toto,towith,for［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察主语+feel/think/make/find+it+adj.+forsb.+todosth.句中it为形式宾语,todo是真切的宾语，”故此题答案为AoThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Icantdecide河北］whattoeathowtoeatwheretoeatwhentoeat*TIfQM［答案］:A

o

［剖析］考察疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。依据句意

我不能够决定吃什么。”应选

Ao12.---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon'tknow---Let'sreadtheinstruction河南课改试验区］A.whattouseB.whichonetousehowtouseitwhentouseit［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。依据句意我不知道怎样使用。”应选Co13.lttookmydaughtertwoweeks________thenovels______byYandHongying.［潍坊］read;writtentoread;writtenreading;towritetoread;wrote［答案］:Bo［剖析］Ittakes+sb.+sometime+todosth表示花销多长时间做某事,novel与write的关系是动宾关系，应用过去分词,表示被动。故答案为B。Driversarewarned_______whentheyaretired佛山］todrivenotdrivenottodrive［答案］:Co［剖析］考察动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。应选CIfyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you'dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.［大连］howtousehowtomakewheretomendwheretobuy［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。依据句意若是你想要知道怎样使用手机的话，你最好先看一看说明书。”应选A。Chinawillspendabout52billionyuanofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod

___newairportsand__oldonesinthewest期间.［07临沂市］repairing;buildingBtobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build［答案］C［剖析］此题主若是考察动词spend的用法。spend...doingsomething意为花销做某事”由此可消除B、D两项。再从句意上看，应是修建”新机场，维修”旧机场。3.___________________________________studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［泰州市］hearB1istentoClisteningtoDhearingof［答案］C［剖析］此题考察了介词后跟动词的状况。payattentionto意为注意”其中to是介词，所今后边的动词应使用动名词形式。hearof意为听闻”与句意不符。3、考察非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，全部的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其差别是:不定式表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动【考例】Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.北京市课标卷］getgottogetgetting［答案］：C。［剖析］asksb.todosth表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为：爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”Ourparentsoftentellusnotaloneintherive『insummer.swimtoswimswimming［答案］:B。［剖析］考察动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tellsb.todosth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依据题意，应选B。---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecre繩兴］totellnotnottotellC.don'ttellD.nottell［答案］:Bo［剖析］tellsb.todosth.表示告诉某人做某事,tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依据题意，应选B。Bettyisoftenseen_____theoldmanwithhishousework咸宁］helptohelphelpedhelps［答案］:Bo［剖析］考察感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变成被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式一定加too应选BoTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________________howmuchtheymeantous哈尔滨］toknowknowingknow［答案］:Co［剖析］考察动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。makesb.dosth表示使某人”应选Co---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesus_______proud.包头］feeltofeelfeltfeeling［答案］:A0［剖析］考察感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带tOo应选A。4、考察非谓语动词用作定语【屯例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes__________.（2004江西省'南昌〕towashwashedwashtobewashed［答案］:A［命题立意］:此题考察动词不定式作定语的用法。［试题剖析］:作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。应选A。5、考察非谓语动词用作状语【岳例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes_________.（2004江西省南匕）buyboughttobuybuying［答案］：C。［剖析］考察不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：我们去近来的超级市场买些饮料。”Inorder________thewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface乐山］makesmakingtomakemake［答案］：C。［剖析］考察动词不定式作目的状语的特别结构。inordertodosth表示为”的意思，不定式作目的状语。应选Co_______.福州市］一Theregoesthebel一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstoptalkBtotalkC.talkingD.nottalk［答案］C［剖析］动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即:stoptodosth也能够接动词的一ing形式作定语，即:stopdoingsth。前者表示停下来（开始做后边的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境铃响了，到了上课时间,应停止讲话”可知,应选C项。【提升题】选择题。1.Thedoctorcame_____oureyes.toexamineforexaminingastoexamineexamining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.toworkworkworkingworked_____ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.CleaningB.CleanC.CleanedD.Toclean_____isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveThis,givingIt,togiveIt,givingIttookyears_____thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis____ahouseoftheirown.tohaveforhavinghaveofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.tolet,taketolet,totakeletting,takelet,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.lendinglenttolendinlending9.Idon'tlike_____people_________abouttheirneighbours.hear,talkingtohear,talkingtohear,totalkhearing,talked10.Ihaven'tdecided______totakewhichtrainwhichtotakeatrainwhichtraintotakewhichtraintaken11.Youmustremember___meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togivegavegive12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents__________Chinesefromthem.

English,andhelearnedhowtospeak,speakinghowtospeak,tospeakhowspeaking,speakinghowspeak,tospeak13.—Sorry,Iforgot_______youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.tellingItoldtoldtotellIwonder________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinviteIhope________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage16.—Wouldyoulike_______youthewaythere?三一教育知识点燃梦想成就小初高高效培优教育第一品牌一It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dpreferA.livingB.tolivealoneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.D.forhimtoliveC.thathelives18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow19.Sineenobodytoldher,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedid20.B.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodoMyauntshowedme____.B.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmadeA.howtomakeadress21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried________moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake___________losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto24.Patshouldlove_____littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake25.Weenjoy_A.runB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakeverymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.B.runningC.torunD.ran26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.——Oh,Iforgot.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest—Notatall.D.iftelling28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totell29.Hepromised_____________adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methath