2021考研英语一真题及参考答案2021年英语一真题

第第页共30页Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii＇sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoe_ploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,whereweefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhywee_plorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomymunityismakingpromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbeweledonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicatesherconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.itsprotectivesurroundings.itsreligiousimplications.itse_istinginfrastructure.28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof[A]severecriticism.passiveacceptance.slighthesitancy.fullapproval.答案：26-30DABCCTe_t3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry＇sGDPmeasures“everythinge_ceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBre_it,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2021globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,ineequalityandenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostmonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson＇ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.identifiedGDPwithhappiness.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.hadalowopinionofGDP.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]Ite_cludesGDPasanindicator.Itissponsoredby163countries.Itscriteriaarequestionable.Itsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhattheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthete_t?HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlessonGDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Bre_it,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being答案：31-35DCDCATe_t4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRole_watchandaFerrariAutomobilefromapanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasicpactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt[A]avoideddefiningthee_tentofMcDonnell'sduties.madenopromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.refusedtomentonMcDonnell'sethics.37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.sizablegainsintheformofgifts.leakingsecretsintentionally.breakingcontractsofficially.38.Thecourt'srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.e_emptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.inspirehopesinaveragepeople.40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.skeptical.supportive.答案：36-40CBABDPartCDirections:Readthefollowingte_tcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworldsprimarylanguageforinternationalmunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakerse_pandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.ple_international,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveapetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalpaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUKsprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&;1.3billionfortheUKininvisiblee_portsandourothereducationrelatede_ploresearnupto&;10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarkete_pands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.【答案】但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。大卫•葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。20__年考研英语一小作文点评及范文今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了推荐信。在英语一的考试当中，推荐信已经考查过两年了。例如我们英语一在2021年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。具体题目要求是Writealettertoafriendofyourstol)remendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand;2)givereasonsforyourremendation.20_—年考察的是youaregoingtoholdaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsremendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourremendation.而今年的作文题目要求给新来的澳大利亚国籍教授JamesCook介绍你城市的touristattraction。因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2021年或20__年的小作文，主要是推荐原因部分，稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们20__届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。那么今年的作文具体该如何来写呢?今年考题的Direction要求向新来的JamesCook教授推荐旅游景点。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。称呼：DearProf.JamesCook,注意称呼中，Prof后面的句点不能丢，称呼最后的逗号号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。当然如果称呼不写Prof.写成Mr.JamesCook也是可以的。正文第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点:1：欢迎Cook教授来中国；2:写信目的，表明推荐。用到了这样的表达WeletoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI'mwritingthislettertoremendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspot-Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.第二段：写作内容为推荐原因。可以从三个角度来考虑：美景、美食和热情的人们。用到了这样的表达：Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunisland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.第三段：再次强调写信目的。Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon'thesitatetoremendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.最后，表达祝福Bestwishesforyou!落款：Yourssincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；签名：LiMing特别注意Ming后面一定不能出现句点。落款和前面左、右对齐都可以。参考范文：DearProf.JamesCook,WeletoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI'mwritingthislettertoremendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspot—Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunisland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon'thesitatetoremendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.Bestwishesforyou!Yourssincerely,LiMing20__考研英语(一)大作文范文52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-20__wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay.Yous