2021年高考英语考试大纲(官方版)

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；2）做到语音、语调自然；3）做到语言运用得体；4）使用有效的交际策略附录1语音项目表基本读音26个字母的读音元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母在轻读音节中的读音元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音辅音字母组合的读音辅音连缀的读音成节音的读音重音单词重音句子重音读音的变化连读失去爆破弱读同化语调与节奏意群与停顿语调节奏语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表名词可数名词及其单复数不可数名词专有名词名词所有格代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词数词基数词序数词介词和介词短语连词形容词(比较级和最高级)副词(比较级和最高级)冠词动词动词的基本形式系动词及物动词和不及物动词助动词情态动词时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时被动语态非谓语动词动词不定式⑵动词的-ing形式动词的-ed形式构词法合成法派生法转化法缩写和简写句子种类(1)陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句句子成分(1)主语谓语表语宾语定语状语补语简单句的基本句型主谓一致并列复合句主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句间接引语省略倒装强调虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1.(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)告别(Farewells)⑷感谢(Thanks)道歉(Apologies)邀请(Invitation)请求允许(Askingforpermission)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)⑼提供帮助(Offeringhelp)接受和拒绝(Acceptanceandrefusal)约会(Makingappointments)(12)就餐(Havingmeals)就医(Seeingthedoctor)购物(Shopping)问路(Askingtheway)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)提醒注意(Reminding)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)劝告(Advice)建议(Suggestions)态度(Attitudes)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)冷淡(Indifference)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)情感(Emotions)高兴(Happiness)惊奇(Surprise)忧虑(Worries)安慰(Reassurance)满意(Satisfaction)遗憾(Regret)同情(Sympathy)恐惧(Fear)愤怒(Anger)时间(Time)(44)时段(Duration)频度(Frequency)时序(Sequence)空间(Space)位置(Position)方向(Direction)距离(Distance)存在(Existence)存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)特征(Features)形状(Shape)颜色(Colour)材料(Material)价格(Price)规格(Size)年龄(Age)计量(Measurement)长度(Length)宽度(Width)高度(Height)数量(Number)9.同级比较(Equalcomparison)(63)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)原因和结果(Causeandeffect)目的(Purpose)职业(Occupations)工作(Jobs)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表个人情况(Personalinformation)家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)周围的环境(Personalenvironments)日常活动(Dailyroutines)学校生活(Schoollife)兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)个人感情(Emotions)人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)计划与愿望(Plansandintentions)节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)购物(Shopping)饮食(Foodanddrink)健康(Health)天气(Weather)文娱与体育(Entertainmentandsports)旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)语言学习(Languagelearning)自然(Nature)世界与环境(Theworldandtheenvironment)科普知识与现代技术(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)热点话题(Topicalissues)历史与地理(Historyandgeography)社会(Society)文学与艺术(Literatureandart)附录5词汇表Aa(an)artabandonvabilitynableaabnormalaaboardprepabolishvabortionnaboutad&prepaboveprep,a&adabroadadabruptaabsencenabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvabstracta&nabsurdaabundantaabusevacademica&nacademynacceleratevaccentnacceptvaccessn&vaccessibleaaccidentnaccommodationnaccompanyvaccomplishvaccountnaccountantnaccumulatevaccuracynaccurateaaccusevaccustomedaachev&nachievevachievementnacidaacknowledgevacquaintancenacquirevacquisitionnacrenacrossprepactn&vactionnactiveaactivitynactornactressnactualaacuteaADabbraffordaffordvad=advertisementnadaptadaptvadaptationnaddvaddictedaadditionnaddressnadequateaadjustvadjustmentnadministrationnadmirableaadmirevadmissionnadmitvadolescencenadolescenta&nadoptvadorevadultnadvancev&nadvantagenadventurenadvertisevadvertisementnadvicenadvisevadvocatevaffairnaffectvaffectionnafraidaAfricanAfricana&nafterad,prep&conjafternoonnafterward(s)adagainadagainstprepagenagencynagendanagentnaggressiveaagoadagreevagreementnagriculturalaagriculturenaheadadaidn&vAIDSnaimn&vairnaircraftnairlinenairmailnairplanenairportnairspacenalarmn&vamazingamazingaambassadornambassadressnambiguousaambitionnambulancenAmericanamongprepamountn&vampleaamusevamusementnanalysevanalysisnancestornanchorv&nancientaandconjanecdotenangernanglenangryaanimalnanklenanniversarynannouncevannoyvannualaanothera&pronanswern&vantnalbumnalcoholnalcoholica&nalgebranalikeadaliveaallad,a&pronallergicaalleynallocatevallowvallowancenalmostadaloneaalongad&prepalongsideadaloudadalphabetnalreadyadalsoadalternativeaalthoughconjaltitudenaltogetheradaluminium(Amaluminum)nalwaysadamv(be)a.m./am,A.M./AMabbramateuraamazevAntarcticAntarcticaantiquenanxietynanxiousaanypron&aanybodypronanyhowadanyonepronanythingpronanywayadanywhereadapartad&aapartmentnapologizevapologynapparentaappealv&nappearvappearancenappendixnappetitenapplaudv&napplenapplicantnapplicationnapplyvappointvappointmentnappreciatevappreciationnapproachn&vappropriateaapprovalnapprovevapproximatelyadapronnarbitraryaarchnarchitectnarchitecturenArcticaarev(be)areanarguevargumentnarise(arose,arisen)varithmeticnarmn&varmchairnarmynaroundad&preparrangevarrangementnarrestvarrivalnarrivevarrownartnarticlenartificialaartistnasad,conj&prep

ashnattendvashamedaattentionnAsianattitudenAsiana&nattractvasideadattractionnaskvattractiveaasleepaaudiencenaspectnauntnassessvauthenticaassessmentnauthornassistvauthoritynassistancenautomaticaassistantnautonomousaassociatevautumnnassociationnavailableaassumevavenuenassumptionnaveragea&nastonishvavoidvastronautnawake(awoke,awoken)v&aastronomernawardnastronomynawareaatprepawayadathletenawesomeaathleticaawfulaAtlanticaawkwardaatmospherenatomnBattachvbabynattackv&nbachelornattainvbackad,a&nattemptv&nbackgroundnbackward(s)adbaconnbacterium(plbacteria)nbad(worse,worst)abadmintonnbagnbaggagenbakerynbalancenbalconynballnballetnballoonnbamboonbann&vbanananbandnbandagenbanknbarnbarbecuenbarbernbarbershopnbareabargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbaseballnbasementnbasicabasinnbasisnbasketnbasketballnbatnbathnbathevbathroomnbathtubnbatterynbattlenbaynBCabbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)vbeachnbeannbeancurdnbear1nbear2vbeardnbeastnbeat(beat,beaten)v&nbeautifulabeautynbecauseconjbecome(became,become)vbednbeddingsnbedroomnbeenbike=bicyclebike=bicyclenbillnbingonbiochemistrynbiographynbiologynbirdnbirthnbirthdaynbirthplacenbiscuitnbishopnbitnbite(bit,bitten)vbitterablacka&nblackboardnblamen&vblankn&ablanketnbleedvblessvblindablockn&vbloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)vbluen&aboardn&vboatnbodynbeefnbeernbeforeprep,ad&conjbegvbegin(began,begun)vbehalfnbehavevbehaviour(Ambehavior)nbehindprep&adbeingnbeliefnbelievevbellnbellynbelongvbelowprepbeltnbenchnbend(bent,bent)vbeneathprepbeneficialabenefitn&vbenta&nbesideprepbesidesprep&adbetrayvbetweenprepbeyondprepbicyclenbidv&nbiga

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