高考阅读二轮复习-篇章结构题

阅读理解复习

------篇章结构题

2016.3.15Objectives通过练习，讨论总结不同类型篇章结构题目的解题策略。2.运用所学策略，解决阅读中的问题。

篇章结构题考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序（记叙文）、所说明事物的结构层次（说明文）或在论述观点（议论文）过程中使用的方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。篇章结构类题目的特点：文章结构理解的设问方式:1.问指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____？2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

......Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.……（2014湖南，C）3.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“____”.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts

实例体验D（）existingeffortshavelargelyignoredthewaysthat...指代类问题解题策略：仔细分析，正确理解指代词所在句;(2)前后搜索，圈定答案范围，以之替换，看句子是否通顺;(3)

采用排除法，确定答案。2.问结构问段落结构Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?篇章结构理解的设问方式:2.问文章结构

1）Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby____?2)Whichofthefollowingshowthe

structure/organizationofthepassage?1.问段落结构

（选出最佳选项并总结解题思路）Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(贴标签)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Ihearherscreaming,“takeyoushoesaway!Whyundermybed!”deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.(2014重庆，A)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?byanalyzingthecauses.B.byshowingdifferences.C.bydescribingaprocess.D.byfollowingtimeorder.背景知识补充：常见写作方式及提示语：1.举例。常见提示语forexample,forinstant等。2.对比。常见提示语like，unlike，but,however,while等。2.时间顺序。常见提示词，明确的时间状语，later，then,afterwards等。3.空间顺序。4.逻辑顺序：常见提示词because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等。常见文体的文章基本结构

高考英语阅读理解常考查的体裁有三种，分别是、、和。它们都分别有自己的基本结构。记叙文说明文议论文背景知识补充2.问文章结构

1.记叙文的基本结构NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEnding2．说明文的基本结构DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Conclusion3.议论文的基本结构ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentences2.问文章结构

阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并总结解题思路。（见学案：问文章结构：实例分析）段落/文章结构题解题策略：4）对比选项定答案1）抓文章中心句重视文章首段和尾段2）抓段落中心句重视段落首句和尾句

总分式结构3）看段落逻辑关系对照式结构

并列式结构一正一反平行关系相互独立3.问文章后续1)Whatmaybetalkedaboutafterthelastparagraph?2)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____？篇章结构理解的设问方式:

Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock…Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshock...Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment….

Thefirststageisusuallyreferredto…

Butitisn’tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage…Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you’llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage…Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.4.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?Consequencesofcultureshock.Challengesinanewcountry.C.Preparationsforanewculture. D.The4thstageofculturaladjustment.

实例体验：完成下面的练习，并总结解题方法。

D文章后续题目解题策略：3）注意最后一段，特别留意最后几句1）通读全文，把握文章主旨2）关注段落逻辑关系，分析框架结构巩固练习见学案Everydayandineverywaywe’regettingbetter!巩固练习：（见学案）Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuilding,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheevaluatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,whichcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地)，andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.(2014湖北，E)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraphIreferto?thegeneralviewofelevators.B.theparticularinterestsofexperts.C.thedesireforaremarkablemachine.D.theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.A巩固练习：（学案）

Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad---baselayer(层)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充气轮胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyears