Unit 4单元知识点梳理讲义 牛津译林版八年级英语上册

PAGE20PAGE8PAGE88AU4Doityourself【知识积累】知识点1：Addsomesaladcreamifyoulike.(P49)add作________，意为________________，常用以下结构：

（1）add…to…意为“把……加到……”。例如：

Don’taddfueltotheflames.别再火上浇油了。

（2）addto表示“增加；增添”，其中to是介词，后接名词或代词。例如：Eachgirlpresentatthepartywaswearingaflowerinthehair,whichaddedtotheirbeauty.参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。addup意为“把……加起来”。例如：Addupallthenumbersandyouwillseehowmuchyoushouldpayme.把所有的数字加起来看看你该付我多少。

（4）addupto意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如：

Allthenumbersadduptoexactly900.所有数加起来一共900.知识点2：Cutsomeofthelargerfruitintosmallpieces.(P49)cut…into…____________他把所有的面包都切成了碎片。___________________________________________与cut相关的词组：___________切碎____________挖出___________切断知识点3：Chooseyourfavouritefruit.(P49)choosev.__________过去式__________过去分词__________n.__________知识点4：Tipsformakingafruitsalad(P50)tipn.___________________tipon/forsth./doingsth.___________________________知识点5：forexample(P50)forexample意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。forexample可置于句首、句中或句末。Therearemanykindsofpollution,forexample,noiseisakindofpollution.这里有许多种污染，例如噪音就是一种污染。Manystudentslikeplayingcomputergames,forexample,Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。知识点6：preparethefruitsalad(P50)preparev._______________preparesth.________________preparesth.forsb.________________________=_____________________________preparetodosth.______________________知识点7：whenyouleaveitintheair(P50)leavev.____________________________________________n.____________________________________________leavesth.behind__________________________________知识点8：Canwestopcleaningthehouse(P50)stopdoingsth._____________________stoptodosth.______________________知识点9：常见形容词的反义前缀un-(uncertain;uncomfortable;unimportant;uninteresting)in-(inactive;incorrect)im-(impatient;impossible)知识点10：Areyouabletofixyourbicycle(P51)fix作________，意为______________________________。例如：Hefixedashelftothewall.他把架子装在墙上。Mywatchhasstopped.Itneedsfixing.我的表停了，需要修理了。Haveyoufixedonadateforthewedding?你们选定结婚日期了吗?知识点11：I’muncertainthatIcanfixitmyself.(P51)certain是_________，意为_________________，相当于sure，对应的副词为_____________。certain常用于以下结构中：becertain/sureofsth.________________________becertain/suretodosth._____________________becertain/sure+that从句____________________Theyarecertain/sureofsuccess.他们有把握成功。I’mcertain/surethathewillcome.我确信他会来。知识点12：Lotsofthingswentwrongduringthattime.(P51)gowrong意为“走错路，发生故障”。Wemusthavegonewrongsomewhere；weshouldhavereachedthevillagebynow.我们一定在什么地方走错了路，这个时候我们本应到达那个村子了。Mycomputerhasgonewrong.Itdoesn’twork.我的电脑出故障了，不工作了。【专项训练】例题1、根据汉语提示，写出单词的适当形式1.MayI_____________（加入）inthegame?2.I’llsendyouanemailassoonasI____________（到达）there.3.______________（使充满）theglasswithwater.4.Heisamanoflittle________________（文化）.5.Hegotthefirstinthe________________(决赛).6.Heneedsour________________（支持）.7.Helearnedto____________（修理）desksandchairs.8.Pleasemakea______________（句子）withthesewords.9.Ifyou____________（混合）blueandyellow,youwillmakegreen10.____________（完成）thefollowingsentenceswiththegivenwords.例题2、用括号中所给单词适当形式填空1．Asweallknow,light________(travel)fasterthansound．2．Hehopeshe________(win)firstprizeagaininthe2016OlympicGames．3．WangHaospends6hours________(practise)________(play)tabletenniseveryday．4．Itrainedheavilyyesterday，somyfather________(drive)metoschool．5．Kittysaidshe________(prefer)togototheUSA．6．________(notbe)lateforschoolagain，Tom．7．Mycomputer_______(go)wrongyesterday.8．TheAmericanflag_______(stand)forfreedomandjustice(公平).例题3、句型转换，按要求完成下列句子1．Youmustnotplayfootballinthestreet．(改为祈使句)________________footballinthestreet．2．Jackistheshortestinhisclass．(改为同义句)Jackisshorter________________________________inhisclass．3．Ithinkhewillcomebacksoon．(改为否定句)I________________he________comebacksoon．4．Doitlikethis!(改为否定句)________________itlikethis!5．Mybookismoreinterestingthanhisbook．(改为同义句)Hisbook_____________________interestingasmybook．6．Ineedtoexerciseandkeepfit．(对划线部分提问)_____________youneedto______?7．Ittookmeovertwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight．(改为同义句)I_______overtwohours_______myhomeworklastnight．例题4、根据汉语意思完成句子1.谢谢你邀请我参加你们学校举办的时装表演。Thankyoufor________me__________________________thefashionshowatyourschool.2.在颐和园，你可以看到来自世界各地的游客。IntheSummerPalace,youcanseethevisitorsfrom______________________________.3.赵刚正在自学如何制作模型飞机。ZhaoGangislearning________________________amodelplane_________________.4.现在客厅不仅有蓝色的墙，而且还有一个蓝色的天花板和地板。Nowthelivingroomhas_______________bluewalls______________ablue__________andfloor.5.西蒙想把自己拉上山岩是很困难的。It'sdifficult_________Simon_____________________________________therocks.训练1、根据汉语提示，完成句子1．你能帮我修理这些旧桌子吗?Canyouhelpme________________________________?2．你最好在这次考试中细心些，因为你经常犯错误。You’dbetter________________inthisexambecauseyouoften________________．3．我爸爸撞坏了水管，结果弄得我们的起居室里到处是水。Mydadhitthepipeandoursittingroomwas________________water．4．不要把我的椅子漆成蓝色的。________________mychairblue．5．昨天爸爸给我买了一些故事书来读。Dadboughtalotofstorybooks________________________________yesterday．6．米莉喜欢自己做DIY。MillielikesdoingDIY________________________．7．现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。

________________________hewonthegamenow.8．我们可以停止打扫教室做些食物吗？Canwe________________thehouseandmakesomefood?例题5、完形填空Oncetherewasagirl,namedKate.Shewasverypoliteandreadytohelpeverybody.Onedayshefoundapinkpaperbagonthewaytoschool.Sheopeneditandsawtherewasalotof1init.Shethoughtsheshouldhanditintotheteacher,soshe2 itinherschoolbag.Whenshewenttotheteacher’soffice,herteacherwasn’t3 .Asitwastimeforclass,shehurriedtotheclassroom.Afterclass,shetoldherfriend,,aboutthemoneythatshe4 .Then,hergreedy(贪婪的)friendtookawaythebag.Afterschool,Katewantedtogotothe5officeagain,butshefoundthemoneywasmissing.Thenextdaywhenthechildrenwereplayingagame,Maryfelldownandwashurtverybadly.Theotherchildrenstoodaroundheranddidn’tknow6todo.Katekeptcalmanddidsomethingtostopbleeding.Shetoldtheotherstogototeachersfor7.SoonateachertookMarytothe8andthedoctorexaminedhercarefully.Withinaweekshewasallrightagain.Katebecameverypopularintheschool.weekslaterMarycametoKatehouse.Hereyeswerered.Shewascrying.ShegaveKatethe9paperbagwiththemoneyinitandsaid.“Kate,IhavetakenthemoneyThatdaywhenyouhelpedme,IfeltverysadandnowIdecidetotellyouthe10,youaresuchanicefriend!11Pleasedon’ttelltheschoolaboutthisplease!”thenKatesaid,“youarenow12,butyouhavedoneabadthing.ThoughIwillnottellanyone,Iwantyounottobegreedyand13todoanythingwrong.”ThegirlthankedKateand 14 .AttheendofthetermKatewasgivena15 forbeingaveryhelpfulgirlintheschool.Marybecameanhonestgirlandwasnevergreedyagain.Oncewrong,neverbewrongforever.1.A.bread2.A.gotB.moneyB.caughtC.paperC.keptD.fruitD.sent3.A.outB.awayC.offD.in4.A.foundB.lostC.savedD.made5.A.worker’sB.doctor’sC.teacher’sD.headmaster’s6.A.howB.whatC.whenD.where7.A.helpB.treatmentC.actionD.leave8.A.schoolB.classroomC.officeD.hospital9.A.redB.pinkC.whiteD.black10.A.lieB.storyC.truthD.result11.A.AndB.ButC.OrD.So12.A.friendlyB.politeC.generousD.honest13.A.neverB.seldomC.sometimesD.usually14.A.gotupB.wokeupC.gaveupD.cheeredup15.A.prizeB.laughC.jokeD.reply例题6、任务型阅读“USA?Britain?Whichcountryisbettertostudyin?”Weoftenhearsuchdiscussions.AsChinaopensitsdoor,studyingabroadhasbecomeadreamformanyChinesestudents.Theywouldliketoknowtheworldwell.

It’struethatstudyingabroadcanhelpstudentsdevelopthemselves.Theirforeignlanguageskillswillbeimprovedanditmaybeeasiertofindjobs.

Butthereareproblemsthatshouldbeconsidered.Languageisthefirst.Studentsmustspendalotoftimelearninganotherlanguageandgettingusedtoadifferentculture.

Studentsmustalsolearntolivewithoutparents’careanddealwithallkindsofthingstheyhaven’thadtodobefore,likelookingafterthemselves.TherearereportsaboutChinesestudentsabroadrunningintoanoceanofdifficultiesandgivingupfinally.Whentheyhavetotakecareofthemselves,itishardforstudentstostudywell.

Finally,studyingabroadbringsaheavyburden（负担）tothefamily.FormostChineseparents,thecostofstudyingabroadisveryhigh.Butisitworthit?

WeknowthattherearemanyfamouspeoplewhohaveachievedsuccessthroughtheirhardworkinChina.LiuXiangisagoodexample.OnceanAmericanteacherinvitedhimthere,butherefused.HekepttraininghardwithhisChineseteacher.HesurprisedtheworldwhenhewonagoldmedalattheAthensOlympicGames.Sowhenyouwonderwhichcountryisbettertostudyin,thinkagain.Title:Studyingathomeorstudy1?Phenomenon（现象）Studyingabroadhasbecomea

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forChinesestudents.AdvantagesItishelpfulforChinesestudentsto

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themselves.ItishelpfulforChinesestudentsto

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foreignlanguageskills.Itenables(使…能够)Chinesestudentstofindjobsmore

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.____6_______It

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Chinesestudentstoomuchtimetolearnaforeignlanguage.It’shardforChinesestudentstogetusedtothelifeabroad

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parents’care.Parentsmaybeunderpressure（压力）becausethecostofstudyingabroadisvery

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.Purpose:Totellusstudyingabroadisnottheonlywaytobe

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bydescri