高中英语人教版Unit1Womenofachievement 全国获奖

M4Period4教学设计广东省梅州市蕉岭中学胡美娜Period4GrammarTeachingImportantPoints1.Targetlanguagea.Importantphrases.achievement,inspire,worthwhile,observe,institute,respect,condition,argue,entertainmentb.Keysentences.OurgroupsareallgoingtovisitthechimpsintheforestOurgroupincludessixboysandfivegirls.2.Abilitygoals

a.Enlargevocabularybylearningword-formation.b.LearntouseSubject-verbagreementcorrectly.3.Learningabilitygoals

Teachstudentshowtoenlargevocabularybyword-formationandhowtousesubject-verbagreement.TeachingimportantpointsNounSuffixinword-formation.Subject-verbagreementofcollectivenouns.

TeachingDifficultPoints

Enablestudentstousecollectivenounscorrectly,byunderstandingtheirmeaningsincertainsituations.TeachingMethods

Letstudentsdotheexercises,andthencollecttheiranswers.Askthemtoconcludetherulesandthengivethemsomeexplanation.TeachingAids

A

projector.Teachingprocedures&ways

Step1

RevisionReviewthetextbycheckingtheanswersforExercises2,3and4onPage4and5.Theseexercisesareabouttheusefulwordsthatappearinthetext.Step2

DiscoveringusefulstructuresTellstudentswhattheyshoulddonext.

AskthemtoreadtheEXAMPLEinExercise1onPage5.

Makesurethattheyknowwhattheyshoulddo.

FinishExercise1,

andchecktheanswers.T:Doyouhaveanyquestions?Ss:Sometimesit'sdifficulttodecidewhetherthemeaningofthesubjecttendstosingleorplurality.T:Thisisagoodquestion.Althoughweknowthatifthewordreferstodifferentmembers,useaplural,andifthewordisconsideredasawhole,useasingularverb,westillfinditisdifficulttousethisinourpractice.Ithinkwhatweshoulddoistopracticeagainandagain.Trytoexperiencethemeaningofthewordinthesituation.That'sthewaytosolvethisproblem.Ok,let'sfinishExercise2onPage5.Letstudentsdoit.Theycanhaveadiscussiontochecktheanswers.Afterthat,checkwiththewholeclass,tofactteachershouldenlargethisstructureforstudents.DiegrammarchartinthereferencebookonPage5,isagoodonetoletstudentsknowmoreaboutsubject-verbagreement.Ifpossibleteachercouldshowallthegrammarknowledgetostudents.ThisisespeciallyusefulforthosewhowouldliketolearnEnglishGrammar.主谓一致

主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致（语言内容上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致）。

1.语法形式一致:按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式（1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：

1)Theperformancewasveryfunny.

2)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.

3)Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.

4)Manynaturalmaterialsarebecomingscarce.

5)BothyouandIare

students.

6)WhatIthinkandwhatIseekhavebeenfairlyreflectedinmypaper.

注1：在what引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

Whatwehavetolearnarethepiecesoflanguagethatproduceinversion.

注2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如：

Theperformanceofthefirstthreeclownswasveryfunny.（2）由aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,accompaniedby,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如：

1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.

2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.

3)Hissisternolessthanyouiswrong.

4)Thereadingcoursebook,plusitsreferencebooks,ishelpfultocollegestudents.(3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either,neither,each,one,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nothing,nobody等。例如：

1)Neitherlikesthefriendsoftheother.(两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。)

2)Everythingaroundusismatter.(我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)(4)在neitherof与eitherof的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，一般用单数形式。例如：

1)Neitherofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.

2)Haseitherofthembeenseenrecently?(5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如：

1)Thebreadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.(早饭供应黄油面包。)

2)Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.(正在出售黄油和面包。)(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure,

这些都用单数)（6）当oneof,aportionof,aseriesof,aspeciesof,achainof结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

1)Oneofthosestudentshaspassedtheexamination.

2)Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.（7）plentyof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,scadsof等+可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如：

1）Halfofthisbuildingistobecompletedbyspring.

2）Halfofthebuildingshavebeenpaintedcompletely.

3）Thereisplentyofwaterinthepail.

4）Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.

5）Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.

6）Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.（8）由allof,mostof,alotof,someof,noneof,plentyof,therest,themajorityof等+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。例如：

1）Noneofthebookssatisfythestudents.

2）Noneofthismeatisfittoeat.

3）Alloftheresearchworkwasdesignedbythechiefengineer.

4）Allofthestudentsareagainsttheplanforanoutingatthistimeoftheterm.

5)Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.

6)Themajorityofcriminalsarenon-violent.（9）由morethanone(或morethanone+单数名词)，manya+单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

1）Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.

2）Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.

注：如果morethan后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数。

例如：Morethantwohundredstudentshaveattendedthelecture.（10）quantityof+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式;quantitiesof+可数与不可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

1）Greatquantitiesofmilkareneededinthiscity.

2）Thereisalargequantityofmilk.（11）如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of+名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：

1）Overthree-quartersoftheswamplandhasbeenreclaimed.

2）Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.（12）定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如：

1）Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.

2）“Keepcool”isthefirstoftherulesthataretoberememberedinanaccident.

注：当one之前有theonly等限定词修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.概念一致（语言内容上一致）（1）有些集合名词如crowd,family,team,orchestra（管弦乐队）,group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如：

1）Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.

2）Hisfamilyareverywell.

3）Thepublicis/arerequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.

注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who;强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。例如：

1）Thegovernmentwhowereresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.

2）Thegovernmentwhichwasresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.

(2)有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people,police,militia,cattle,poultry（家禽）等。例如：

1）Cattlewereallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon.

2）Thepolicearesearchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard.(3)有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news,means,works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics,physics,mechanics,politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

1）Politicsisacomplicatedbusiness.

2）Hereisthenews.(4)用and连接的单数主语，前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如：

1)Eachpenandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.

2)Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.

3)Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.

4)Theoldworkersandtheyoungeachhavetheirowntools.(5)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：

1)Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.

2)Threepintsisn’tenoughtogetmedrunk.

(6)国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

1）WarandPeaceisthelongestbookI’veread.

2）GeneralMotorshasrecentlycloseddownaplant.(通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂。)

3.毗邻一致（就近原则）(1)由连词or,neither…or,either…or,notonly…also,nor等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如：

1)Heoryouhavetakenmypen.

2)Eitheryouorheisnotellingthetruth.

3)Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenchanged.(2)在therebe的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如：

1)Thereisadeskandfourbenchesintheoffice.

2)Therearetwochairsandadeskintheoffice.二、代词指代一致

指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。1.人称一致

(1)当代词指代名词或另一个代词时，须在人称上与所指代的词保持一致。例如：

1）Irecognizedoneofthegirls,butIdidn’tspeaktoher.

2)Thatwomansaidthatshewasoverfifty.

3)Theyaskedwhomtheyshouldapplyto.(2)当代词指代集合名词时，用单数人称代词强调整体，用复数人称代词强调个人。例如：

1)Thecommitteehavediscussedtheirreportonthedisaster.

2)Theaudienceareraisingtheirhandstosignifytheirapproval.(3)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody等作主语时，相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如：

1)Ifanyonecalls,tellhimI’llbebacklater.

2)Everyonethinksheisth