高中英语人教版Unit3AHealthyLife unit3sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit的用法(Ⅰ)阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1．ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.2．ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.3．Believeme，Iknowhoweasyitistobeginsmokingandhowtoughitistostop.一、用作代词1．it作非人称代词，常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、量度、价值等。Itistimetogetup.(指时间)到起床的时间了。Itisgoingtosnow.(指天气)(天)要下雪了。Itisalongwayfrommyschooltothehospital.(指距离)从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。2．it用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物或动物、指婴儿(尤指性别不明者)，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Herbaby'sduenexthopesitwillbeaboy.她的孩子该下个月出生。她希望会是个男孩(性别不明)。Weboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforewecanmovein.(代替前文提到的事物)我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要做很多工作。二、用作形式主语it充当形式主语，本身无意义，其真正的主语通常是不定式、动名词或主语从句。it作为形式主语常用于下面句型中：1．Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todo...(对某人来说)做……是……的常用于此句型的形容词有：possible，necessary，important，easy，strange，natural等2．Itbe＋n.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的名词有：good，use等3．Itbe＋adj.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的形容词有：useless，worthwhile等4．Itbe＋adj.＋that...(对某人来说)做……是……的常用于此句型的形容词有：necessary，important，strange，natural等Itisimpossibletogettherebyboat.坐船不可能到那里。Itisnousegivinghimsomeadvice.＝Itisuselessgivinghimsomeadvice.给他提建议没用。Itisnecessarythattheworkshouldbedonewell.这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的。Itwassaidthatthetyphoonhadcausedalotofdamage.据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。It'sapitythatyoumissedsuchanexcitingfootballmatch.你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。[名师点津]it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。三、用作形式宾语1．用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。Hemadeitclearthathehatedme.他表达得很明确，他讨厌我。[名师点津]为了便于记忆，可以把该句型称为“6123结构”：6指的是句中常用的六个谓语动词：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或宾语从句。2．在动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love等后代替if或when等引导的从句。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcome.如果你能来我会很感激。3．在动词have(表明；坚持说)，take(认为；猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达；写出来)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。Itakeitthatyoudon'tagreewithme.我认为你不同意我的见解。4．在动词短语answerfor(担保)，counton(期待)，dependon，insiston，seeto(确保)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。Hewillappreciateitiftheyinvitehim.如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。Seetoitthatyouareherepunctuallytomorrow.明天你务必要准时到这里。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．－What'sliketoliveattheNorthPoleinwinter,canyouimagine?－You'llhavetotolerateextremecoldandthelongabsenceofsunlight.2．I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.3．worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.4．Hedidn'tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.5．Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1．抽烟危害健康，这是个事实。thatsmokingisadangertohealth.2．我认为我们彼此保持联系是重要的。Ithinkthatwekeepupwitheachother.3．我们首次见面是在秋天。whenwemetforthefirsttime.4．他三年前买了个照相机，他已经用它拍了很多照片。Heboughtacamerathreeyearsagoandhastakenmanypictures．5．你这么做是聪明的。todoso.【答案】isafactimportantwasautumnit'scleverofyou应用文写作——回复建议信回复建议信是针对对方提出的问题或困惑，有针对性地提出自己的建议的一种书信文体。一、基本结构首先，要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。二、注意事项提出个人的建议时，应注意以下两点：1．态度谦恭理智：不管对方提出的问题有无实际价值，态度是否中肯，都要认真对待，理智分析，并对对方提出的问题给出合理的解释以及实际有效的解决方法。2.简明扼要，以理服人：针对问题提出解决方法时，一定要语气柔和，态度明确，逻辑分明，重点突出，让对方感到“纳而有因，拒而有理”。[亮点句式]1．首段：引出问题①Iamsorryyouhavehadsomuchtroublein...②Youhaveaskedformyadviceon...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.③Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtobetrusted...2．主体：提出提议①Inmyopinion，youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingaction.②Firstofall，...；Meanwhile，...；Inaddition...③It'simportantforyouto...3．结尾：提出期望①Don'tloseheart，whateverhappens.②Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.③PleaseletmeknowifIcanhelpfurther.④Cheerup！Yourtroubleswillsoonbeover.⑤Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.[写作任务]假设你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响。他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封回信，建议他养成良好的生活习惯。要点：1.限制玩游戏的时间，把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上；2．规定起床和睡觉的时间，形成良好的作息习惯；3．每天锻炼半小时，增强体质。注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua[审题谋篇]体裁建议信话题日常生活时态一般现在时人称第一、二人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．摆脱2．参加3．养成……的习惯4．增强体质【答案】ridof/removetakepartin/participatein/joininintothehabitof...up/strengthenone'shealthⅡ.句式1．I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicewillhelpgetridofcomputergames.(用定语从句合并句子)I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpgetridofcomputergames.2．Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoscheduleinordertogetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.(改为复合句)Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothat/inorderthatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.[妙笔成篇]DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely，LiHua【参考范文】DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourknowyouworryaboutitveryI'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpyougetridofcomputergames.Firstly，limitthetimetoplaycomputergamesandpaymoreattentiontootheractivitiesafter，youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingbutnotleast，dosomeexerciseforabouthalfanhourtostrengthenyourhealtheveryday.Ihopeyoucangetridofcomputergamestoliveahealthylife.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua学业分层测评（九）Ⅰ.完成句子1．很清楚他不喜欢它。hedoesn'tlikeit.2．请注意一下门锁了没有。Pleasethedoorislocked.3．做出那道数学题很容易。Itiseasy．4．我花了一周时间才看完这本书。tofinishreadingthebook.5．他习惯了黎明前起床。Hethathegetsupbeforedawn.【答案】isveryclearthat2．seetoitthat3．toworkoutthemathsproblem4．Ittookmeaweek5．makesitaruleⅡ.阅读理解Whohasn'tfoundthemselvesreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey'retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn'tallinourmind.Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods.Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood－byreachingforcookiesorpastawheneverthey'reupset.Unfortunately,itdoesn'talwayswork.Youmusteatamealconsistingof100%carbohydrate,onanemptystomach,toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood.Togetthewished­foreffect,youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate.Drycereal(谷类食品),apieceofbreadwithjam,orapotatoshoulddothetrick．ProteinforpowerOfcourse,sometimeswedon'tneedtobecalmandsleepy.Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration,sothisiswhenit'simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate.Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain,andtheriseinserotoninwon'toccur.WhydessertmakesushappyFatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(内啡肽),whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody.Thiswouldbefine,excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake.Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert.TimingyourmealsforenergyBloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood,causingadecreaseinenergy.Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes,butdon'tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals,rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.1．Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans．A．beextremelysmartB．intendtocheatsomeoneC．bringaboutthedesiredresultD．dosomethingtoamusepeople【解析】词义理解题。此处与本段开头部分的“Togetthewished­foreffect”相呼应，由此可推断其意思是“达到预期效果”。【答案】C2．Thefunctionofproteinis．A．tohelpyoukeepcalmandsleepyB．tomakeyoufeelenergeticC．toleadyoutoslownessD．toincreaseserotonininyourbrain【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个标题中的内容可知蛋白质的功能是让你精力充沛。【答案】B3．Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat．A．fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappyB．wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakesC．themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergyD．whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat【解析】推理判断题。根据第三个标题第一句中的内容可知脂肪和糖能极大地帮助人们感觉高兴。【答案】A4．Themainideaofthepassageis．A．eatingforabettermoodB．eatingtomakeyoucalmC．eatingformoreproteinD．eatingtomakeusstrong【解析】主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句是本文的中心句，根据本句的内容可知最佳标题是“吃出好心情”。【答案】AⅢ.语法填空【导学号：33100039】(2023·陕西西安高二模拟)Oncetherelivedarichman1.wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.2.firsthewantedtofindoutwhethertheydeservedhishelp.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothetown,heplaced3.verylargestone.Thenhe4.(hide)behindatreeandwaited.Soonanoldmancamealongwithhiscow.“Whoputthisstoneinthecentreoftheroad？”saidtheoldman，buthedidnottrytoremovethestone.Instead,withsomedifficultyhepassedaroundthestoneandcontinuedonhisway.5.mancamealonganddidthesamething；thenanothercame,andanother.Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnottriedtoremoveintheafternoonayoungmancamealong.Hesawthestone,6.(say)tohimself:“Thenight7.(be)verydark.Someneighborswillcomealong8.(late)inthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”Thenhebegantomovethestone.Hepushedandpulledwithallhis9.(strong)tomoveit,only10.(find)abagofmoneyunderthestone.Imaginehowsurprisedhewas!1．【解析】who引导定语从句，修饰arichman。【答案】who2．【解析】but表示转折。【答案】But3．【解析】averylargestone一块非常大的石头。【答案】a4．【解析】短文用一般过去时叙述了一个故事。【答案】hid5．【解析】前文提到anoldman，此处指另一个人。【答案】Another6．【解析】say与he为逻辑上的主动关系，故用saying。【答案】saying7．【解析】晚上将会很黑，由下文willcome也可知用将来时。【答案】willbe8．【解析】副词作状语。【答案】later9．【解析】形容词性物主代词后应该用名词。【答案】strength10．【解析】onlytodo表示意料之外的结果。【答案】tofindⅣ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2023·浙江宁海中学高二期中考试)Inschoolsandathome，mostofushavebeenscoldedorevengotpunishedformajorityofpeoplesaythatbydaydreamingwewasteourtimeandenergyinsomethingthatisnothinglessthanunproductivemanymedicalstudieshaveshowedsomething'vestressedonthefactthatdaydreamingworkswondersonourimaginationpower，creativityandsituation­handlingfact，manyproblemscanbeeasilysolvedifwedaydream.Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightseparatingyourselffromtheworldaroundyou，youtendtoenjoythealonenessinyourmindandgetpeacefromdaydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatcalmsyouryoustartimaginingthingswhiledaydreaming，youtendtoforgetallthestressand，yougethappinessfromitandthishappinesschangesintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouinworkinginagoodmood.Manypsychologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharper'struethatwhenyou'redaydreaming，youtendtog