Unit 9 名词的数和主谓一致

Unit9名词的数和主谓一致

一.名词的分类

专有名词

PropernounsBritainEiffelTowertheUnitedNations普通名词Commonnouns个体名词

Individualnouns

集体名词Collectivenouns物质名词Materialnouns抽象名词Abstractnouns可数名词Countablenouns不可数名词Uncountablenouns注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写集体名词CollectivenounsA.

复数集体名词:clothes,police,people,cattle,staffB.

不可数集体名词:poetry,machinery,clothing,furniture,equipment,luggage,merchandise,foliageC.army,audience,committee,class,crewfamily,team,government,public,group集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Hisfamily_____notlarge.(be)Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.(be)isare物质名词coffeeglasspaperwoodiron个体名词twocoffeesaglassapaperawoodaniron抽象名词relationpowerbeautyyouthworry个体名词arelationapowerabeautyayouthaworry二、名词的数1、可数名词复数的规则变化(1)一般情况加s:photo---photospiano---pianos(2)词末为两个元音字母加s:

radio---radioszoo---zoosstudio---studioskangaroo---kangaroosbamboo---bamboos(

3)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加­s，但是下列名词要加­es，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿

即：negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes(

4)均可，zero---zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加­s，但下列­f或­fe结尾的名词需把­f或­fe去掉，变为­ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。其它直接加S。--Howmany

doesacowhave?--Four.A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．StomachiesC2、可数名词复数的不规则变化构成方法举例改变名词中的元音字母及其他形式man-menwoman-womenmouse-micefoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese外来词沿用原来的复数形式basis-bases基础analysis-analyses分析crisis-crises危机medium-media媒介物phenomenon-phenomena现象单复数相同sheepdeerseries系列means方法fishspecies物种，种类aircraft飞机词尾加-ren/en变复数child-childrenox-oxen公牛表示某国人1、加-s2、单复同形3、以-man或-woman结尾的改为men或women1、AustraliansGermansGreeksAmericans2、ChineseJapaneseSwiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人3、EnglishmenFrenchwomenDutchman3.合成名词的复数合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数。

sons-in-law女婿passers­by过路人story­tellers讲故事的人lookers-on旁观者另外特殊的将两部分变成复数。womensingersmenservants4.只用复数的名词jeansshoestrouserspajamasglassestimes

greens

lookscontents

arms

fireworksforcescustomsruinsdamagescongratulations三、名词的所有格‘sof一幅中国地图amapofChinaBill的堂兄Bill’scousin我父亲的一位朋友afriendofmyfather’s

ExercisesⅠ.MultipleChoices1.Therearethirty________doctorsinourhospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s2.Howmany_________arethereinyouruniversity?A.radiosB.radioesC.radioD.radio’s3.It’s________walkfrommyhometoschool.A.ten-minutesB.tenminute’sC.tenminutes’D.tenminutes’s

4.LastSundayIsawfour_________carryingmanybagsontheirshoulders.A.passer-byB.passer-bysC.passers-byD.passers-bysBACCⅡ.

ErrorCorrection1.Hisuncle’sandaunt’shouseisinBeijing.2.Therestooda50-feettreeinthegarden.3.Thefarmerhasruinedthesoilsbyplantingthesamecropeveryyear.4.Inspiteofhisagedappearance,hismovementswereasspiritedasayoungman.5.IntheUnitedStates,inchesandfeetsarestillusedasunitsofmeasurement.6.Couldyoupleasetellmetheroom’snumberofLiMing.uncle50-footsoilayoungman’sfeetroom四、主谓一致Ⅰ.谓语动词用单数的情况

Ⅱ.谓语动词用复数的情况Ⅲ.

语法一致原则的情况Ⅳ.就近原则的情况Ⅴ.从句中主谓一致的情况Ⅵ.

就远原则Ⅰ.谓语动词用单数的情况

1.形复意单名词如：news;国名如：theUnitedStates;报纸名如：theNewYorkTimes;书名如：ArabianNights《天方夜谭》；以及theUnitedNations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。GreatExpectations

waswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.TheNewYorkTimes

isapopularreadingmaterialforstudents.2.以ics

结尾的学科名称，physics,mathematics,mechanics,politics,economics,linguistics,statistics这些词作学科意义讲时通常做单数用。但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。

Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.

Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.3.名词词组中心词是表示度量,时间,价格,金钱,容量等复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作是一个单一概念,看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式.

Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.Twoyearsisenoughto

learnaforeignlanguage.4.不可数名词的集体名词，谓语动词要用单数.foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,luggage,poetry

Themachineryhasarrivedundamaged.

AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.5.不定式、动名词、以及名词性从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

Readingoftenmeanslearning.

ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.

Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.但是两个由and连接的名词性从句做主语时，如果表示两件事情，其谓语动词用复数。

Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.6.由and连接的并列单数主语的前面,如果分别由each,every,no,manya,morethanone/a

修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Everymanand(every)woman____askedtohelp.(be)Nobirdand(no)beast____seenonthebareisland.(be)Manyaboyand(manya)girl____seenthefilm.(have)Morethanonestudent_____beentothepark.(have)isishashas7.oneof,eitherof,neitherof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Oneofmyfriendsneedsmyhelp.Neitheroftheanswersissatisfactory.

Oneandahalf,oneoutof,onein+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.

Oneintenstudentshasfailedintheexams.

Ayearandahalf_____passed.(have)has8.agreat/gooddealof,alargeamountof,amountsof,abitof+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

Alargeamountofwaterwasspiltonthefloor.9.主语是由aseriesof,aspeciesof,asequenceof,apieceof,apileof,apairof,atypeof,akindof,asortof,aportionof+名词构成，动词通常用单数。AseriesoflecturesonpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyMr.Li.Alargeportionofherpoemswaspublishedafterherdeath.Ⅱ.谓语动词用复数的情况1.(1)people,police,cattle,poultry,staff,clothes

Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides(皮).

TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.

(2)family,team,group,crowd,crew,army,class,audience,government,committee,public

将该名词所表示的集体作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式;将侧重点放在集体的成员上，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyisalargeandhappyone.Thefamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thecommitteehavedifferentideas.Thecommitteehaspassedaresolution.2.某些以-s结尾的名词：（1）compasses,scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers,pants,jeans,shoes,spectacles,scales这一类名词单独使用，谓语动词通常用复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。Joe’snewtrousersareblackandwhite.Onepairofscissorsisnotenoughbutthreepairsofscissorsareenough.（2）其他以-s结尾的名词,如arms,clothes,goods,contents内容,fireworks,minutes记录,remains残余；遗骸,stairs楼梯,thanks谢意,wages,belongings,surroundings,earnings,savings作主语，谓语动词通常用复数.

(3)单复数同形的名词：aircraft,deer,sheep,means,species,series等,随后的动词单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数。Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.(诉诸武力)Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Anewspeciesofmammalhasbeenfound.3.the+adj/v-ed

表示一类人时，用复数谓语动词；表示个别人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.thepoor/dumb/innocent/guilty/unemployed/aged/oppressed/exploitedWecandothedifficultfirst.Theimpossibletakesalittlelonger.Thebestisyettocome.

4.agreat/large/good/considerablenumberof,agreat/goodmany+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。5.anumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数。Ⅲ.语法一致原则的情况1.并列结构both…and,…and…作主语时谓语用复数;

Readingandwritingareveryimportant.当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。lawandorderbreadandbutterfolkandknifeneedleandthreadloveandhateeggandriceHamandeggs____agoodbreakfast.Ablackandwhitedog___playingintheyard.Ablackandawhitedog____playingintheyard.Thewriterandteacher____reading.Thewriterandtheteacher_____reading.

isisareisare2.allof,someof,anyof,noneof,halfof,mostof,majorityof,percentof,lotsof,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,loadsof,heapsof,therestof等加名词构成的主语，谓语动词的数取决于该名词的单复数。Allofus_____goingtoseethegame.Allofhistime________spentongambling.Mostofthemembers__________there.Someofthemoney______beenstolen.Halfofthebuilding______damagedinthe

explosion.Halfofthestudents______girls.areis/wasare/werehaswasare3.主语是由分数(或百分数)+of+名词构成，如果名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数，反之如果是单数或不可数名词或代词，则动词用单数，即由后面的名词决定。Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorsarewomen.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Ⅳ就近原则的情况1.由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式用就近原则处理。

Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.

Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.2.therebe

句型中，如名词由and连接，谓语动词由靠近动词的名词决定单复数形式。Therearesaidtobealotofscenicspots.Thereisacarandtwotrucksinfrontofmyhouse.Ⅴ.从句中主谓一致的情况1.强调句中Itis/was….that….,

如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，则that后的谓语动词在人称与数上应与原句一致。

ItisIthatamwrong.

Itisyou