职通商务英语综合教程3

U.S.ForeignTradeandGlobalEconomicPoliciesMarianneChen1.Intheearlydaysofthenation’shistory,governmentandbusinessmostlyconcentratedondevelopingthedomesticeconomyirrespectiveofwhatwentonabroad.在美国历史早期，政府和公司主要集中发展国内经济，不顾国外的状况。Paraphrasedas:IntheearlydaysoftheU.S.history,governmentandbusinessplacedmainemphasisonthedevelopmentofthedomesticeconomy,andignoredwhateverhappenedinothercountries.irrespectiveofirrespectiveof=withoutconsiderationof;regardlessof不论…(如何），不管…，不顾…;*Bytheopenpolicywemeanopeningtoallothercountries,irrespectiveoftheirsocialsystems.*Weshallhavetheworkdone,irrespectiveofthecost.2.TheUnitedStatesalsofrequentlyurgesforeigncountriestoderegulatetheirindustriesandtotakestepstoensurethatremainingregulationsaretransparent,donotdiscriminateagainstforeigncompanies,andareconsistentwithinternationalpractices.美国也频频促使外国放松对本国工业的规管，采取措施以取保其余规定是透明的，不歧视外国公司，并符合国际惯例。Paraphrasedas:TheU.S.alsofrequentlymakesforeigncountriestotakeloosecontroloftheirindustries,andtotakemeasurestomakesurethatotherregulationsaretransparent,donothaveaprejudiceagainstforeigncompanies,andareagreeablewithinternationalpractices.deregulateDeregulate:tomovegovernmentrulesandcontrolsfromsometypesofbusinessactivity.撤销对（贸易、商业活动等）的管制；解除控制deregulatedfinancialmarkets放宽了管制的金融市场syn:decontrolderegulationderegulatoryderegulatoryreforms撤销管制的改革“deregulatory”onlyusedbeforenountransparenttransparent:thatyoucanseethrough*TheChinesegovernmentwillworkhardtoprovideforeigninvestorswithastableandtransparentpolicyenvironment.*InthepasttwoyearsafteritsWTOaccession,ChinaisearnestlyimplementingitsWTOcommitment,dedicatingtoamoreopen,fairerandmoretransparentinvestmentenvironmentinordertoattractmoreFDIdiscriminatediscriminate:treatunequallyonthebasisofsexorraceetc.*practicesthatdiscriminateagainstwomenandinfavorofmen*Itisillegaltodiscriminateongroundsofrace,sexorreligion.3.Americaninterestinderegulationarisesinpartoutofconcernthatsomecountriesmayuseregulationsasanindirecttooltokeepexportsfromenteringtheirmarkets.美国之所以关注放宽规管，部分是考虑到有些国家可能会把规则作为阻止出口商品进入他们国内市场的间接手段。Paraphrasedas:Americansareconcernedaboutderegulationpartlybecausetheyfearthatsomecountriesmaycreatetraderegulationswhichwillindirectlypreventgoodsenteringtheirmarkets.outofconcernoutofconcern=considering,takesomethingintoaccount*Tradeislikeasport,inwhichallparticipantsplaybytherulesoutofconcernfortheirowninterests.*Theyhavedonethatoutofconcernforbothparties.out-of-work=unemployedout-of-townA.=locatedawayfromthecentreofatownorcity城外的；郊野的B.=comingfromorhappeninginadifferentplace(anout-of-townguest)外来客；anout-of-townperformanceoutofdateA.old-fashionedorwithoutthemostrecentinformationandthereforenolongeruseful过期的；缺乏新信息的；陈腐的*Suddenlyshefeltoldandoutofdate她猛然觉得自己老了，跟不上时代了。out-of-datetechnology落伍的技术anout-of-datemap已过时的地图B.nolongervalidanout-of-datedrivinglicense过期的驾驶护照4.Despiteitscommitmenttomultilateralism,theUnitedStatesinrecentyearsalsohaspursuedregionalandbilateraltradeagreements,partlybecausenarrowerpactsareeasiertonegotiateandoftencanlaythegroundworkforlargeraccords.尽管承诺多边主义，美国近几年也有实行区域和双边贸易协议，在一定程度上是因为小范围的盟约很容易协商，而且通常会为更大的协议奠定基础。Paraphrasedas：ThoughtheU.S.admitsmultilateralism,itstillhasinrecentyearssoughtregionalandbilateraltradeagreements.Thisisinpartbecausesmalleragreementsareeasiertoachieve,whicharethebasesofbiggeragreementslaythegroundworkforlaythegroundworkfor:bethebasefor*Theinitialtalksaregoingtolaygroundworkformorespecifictalks.*Toachievethisgoal,thegovernmentmustnotbedirectlyinvolvedineconomicactivities,butrather,laythegroundworkforamoralandfairmarket.基础（工作）accord（n.）一致、符合accord:agreementbetweentwopartiesorcountriesetc.*Hiswordsareinaccordwithhisideas.*Therearefewissuesonwhichthetwoareinperfectaccord.V.*Irewrotethearticlebecauseitdidn’taccordwithourpolicy.5.AmericansinrecentyearshavegrownincreasinglyconcernedaboutpiracyandcounterfeitingofU.S.productsrangingfromcomputersoftwareandmotionpicturestopharmaceuticalandchemicalproducts.美国人最近几年已越来越关心美国产品的盗版和假冒，从计算机软件、电影到制药和化学产品。Paraphrasedas:Inrecentyears,AmericansaremoreandmoreinterestedinillegalcopyingandfakingU.S.products,includingcomputersoftware,movies,medicineandchemicalproducts.counterfeit盗版counterfeit:notgenuinebutmadetolookexactlylikethegenuineoneSyn:forged*Mostbrandsthatarebeingcounterfeitedarewellknownandpopular.*Manufacturingandsellingcounterfeitproductsisadangerousprofession.6.Americanagriculturalexportersareincreasinglyfrustrated,forinstance,byEuropeanrulesagainstuseofgeneticallyalteredorganisms,whicharegrowingincreasinglyprevalentintheUnitedStates.例如，美国的农产品出口商不断受挫，因为欧洲反对使用者美国越来越盛行的转基因生物。Paraphrasedas:Forexample,Americanagriculturalexportersaregettingmoreandmoreupset,becauseEuropemakesrulestoprohibitusingorganismswithchangedgenes,andthesegeneticallyalteredorganismsaremoreandmoreacceptableintheU.S.prevalent盛行的、流行的、普遍的prevalent:widespread;ofwideextentoroccurrence;ingeneraluseoracceptance*Asthecomputerbecomesmoreprevalent,sodoestheamountofinformationanddatapeopletransmit.(传送）*Coldsareprevalentinthewinter.*Smogismoreprevalentinurbancentres.7.Attheendofthe20thcentury,agrowingtradedeficitcontributedto(导致）Americanambivalenceabouttradeliberalization.二十世纪末，越来越多的贸易逆差导致了美国对贸易自由化的矛盾心理。Paraphrasedas：Attheendof20thcentury,thetradedeficitisgrowing,anditmakesAmericanshavesomeambivalentfeelingsaboutfreetrade.Backgroundinformation's:

Economictheorydictatesthatatradedeficitisnotnecessarilyabadsituationbecauseitoftencorrectsitselfovertime.However,adeficithasbeenreportedandgrowingintheUnitedStatesforthepastfewdecades,whichworriedsomeeconomists.ThismeansthatlargeamountsoftheU.S.currencyarebeingheldbyforeignnations,whichmaydecidetosellthematanytime.Alargeincreaseindollarsalescandrivethevalueofthecurrencydown,makingitmorecostlytopurchaseimports.tradedeficittradedeficit:anexcessofimportsoverexports.*TheSouthKoreagovernmenthadinstitutedacrackdown(制裁、严惩）against“luxury”itemsinanefforttonarrowKorea’stradedeficitwiththeUnitedStatesandothercountries.*Thecurrenttradedeficitindicatesaseriousimbalancebetweenourimportandexporttrade.ambivalenceambivalence：notsurewhetheryouwantorlikesomethingornot(摇摆不定、犹豫不决）*Shewasinastateofambivalenceabouthavingchildren.Ifthereisambivalenceinadocument,report,etc.,itcontainsattitudesorideaswhichseemtobeoppositetoeachotherandwhichdonotfitwelltogether.矛盾态度（或思想）反义：ambiguity*theambivalenceofitselectionprogrammers…其竞选纲领的主张相互矛盾…*Theonlypossibleexplanationforthisisambivalenceatthehighestlevel.这种情形唯一可能的解释是最高层次上的矛盾思维。8.Americanworkersalsochargedthatforeigncountrieswereunfairlyhelpingtheirexporterswinmarketsinthirdcountriesbysubsidizingselectindustriessuchassteelandbydesigningtradepoliciesthatundulypromotedexportsoverimports.美国工人还指责外国不公平地通过补贴钢铁等这样精选的工业和制定过分促进超过进口的贸易政策来帮助出口商赢取第三世界市场。Paraphraseas：Americanworkersalsoblamedthatforeigncountrieswerehelpingtheirexportersgainmarketsinthedevelopingcountriesinanunfairwaybygivingfinancialsupporttosuchindustriesassteelandbymakingtradepoliciesthatmadeexportsexceedimportstoomuch.charge指责charge:(formal)tosaypubliclythatyouthinksomeonehasdonesomethingwrong.*Therepresentativeofthecompanychargedthedelayofthedelivery*TheCEOchargedthatthesalesmanageractedimproperly.chargeA.Ifyouchargesomeoneanamountofmoney,youaskthemtopaythatamountforsomethingthattheyhaveboughtorreceived.要（价）；索（费）；向…收取(费用）*TheychargedfiftyYuanadmission.(入场费）B.Ifsomethingischargedtoyouraccount,theamountofmoneythatyouhavetopayforitisrecordedonyouraccountataparticularshop.Atsometimeinthefutureyouwillbesentabilltellingyouhowmuchyouowe.记在…账上；赊购inflects*Pleasechargethebilltomyaccount.C.Achargeisthepricethatyouhavetopayforaserviceorforsomethingyoubuy.收费；应付的费用；应付的价款*…increasesinpostalandtelephonecharges…邮资及电话费的提高…D.Ifsomethingisfreeofcharge,itdoesnotcostanything.免费*They’rehappytogivetheirservicesfreeofcharge.chargen.E.Achargeisalsoaformalaccusation,madebyanauthoritysuchasthepolice,thatsomeoneisguiltyofacrimeandhastostandtrialinacountoflaw.指控；控告*Thepolicearrestedheronachargeofconspiracytomurder.警察局以阴谋杀人罪将他逮捕。*Mostofthechargesweredropped.大多数的指控皆被撤销。chargev.*Hewararrestedandchargedwithavarietyofoffences.他被逮捕并被指控犯有多种违法行为.F.Ifyouhavechargeofsomethingorsomeone,youarethepersonincontrolandhaveresponsibilityforthem.责任；照管*Sheintendedtotakechargeofthebyherself…G.inchargeof负责*Who’sinchargehere?H.Ifsomeoneisyourcharge,theyhavebeengiventoyoutolookafterandyouareresponsibleforthem;aformaluse（正式）被照管者；被扶养者*HewantedtoensurethatMichelledidnotbecomeapubliccharge.他要确保米歇尔不致成为靠政府救济为生的人。I.Whenyouchargesomethingsuchasabatteryorchargeitup,youpassanelectricalcurrentthroughitinordertomakeitstoretheelectricity.给…充电*Itrequiredelectricitytochareupitba