初中英语宾语从句知识点总结

宾语从句宾语从句教学内容回头望月温裁知新宾语从句：放在实义动词之后的词，即为宾语。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。概述考试要点简要分析宾语从句从句中的语序陈述句语序连接词的用法由that引导由whether,if引导由what，who，whose，which引导由where，when，why，how弓1导否定前移主语是第一•人称，谓语动词是think，believe时从句的简化复合句变为简单句从句中的时态主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定主句是过去时，从句用过去的对应的某种时态从句表示客观事实或真理，用一般现在时厢堂口动展优息里境津方适考点一宾语从句的时态和语序要点归纳：1、宾语从句的时态（1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：“Iknowmyparentscareaboutme,”hesays.他说：“我知道我父母关心我。”NowinChina,hehasfoundthathisfamilyatalltreewithlongroots.现在在中国，他已经发现他的家庭就像长有很长树根的一棵大树。IamwritingtosaythatIamagainst(build)anewzooinourtown.我写信要说的是我反对在我们的镇上建一个新的动物园。Irememberthathe(给了我一■本书)yesterday.Hehastoldmethathe,llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告诉我明天他要纽约了。(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如：In1991,Hepburndiscoveredthatshehadcancer.1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld(aftertea),wasinventedbyaccident?你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料(仅次于水)，是被发明的吗？WhenIfirstateinawesternrestaurant,Ididn,tknowwhatIwassupposedtodo.我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道。Hetoldmethathe(will)takepartinthehighjump.SheaskedmeifI(已经拿了)hersoap.(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如：Hetoldmethattheearth(go)aroundthesun.Didn,tyourteachertellyouthemoon(be)smallerthanthesun?2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如：WhereisTomfrom?Doyouknow?—DoyouknowwhereTomisfrom?Whomadeyouangry?Canyoutellme?—Canyoutellmewhomadeyouangry?WhatisthematterwithTom?”Maryaskedme.—MaryaskedmewhatwasthematterwithTom.【小试牛刀】一Hi,Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.一Thanks.Iwonder.A.whotheletterwasfrom B.whowasfromtheletterC.whowastheletterfrom D.whofromtheletterwas—I,mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?—Well,itdependson.Ifmoneyisn,ttheproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A.whenyouwillbuyone B.howmuchyoucanaffordC.whatcoloryoulike D.whereyouaredriving一Canyoutellmetheprize,Tom?一Lastyear.A.whenyougot B.whendidyougetC.whenwillyouget D.whenyouwillget—Couldyoutellme?—YoucantakeNo.16bus.A.howcanwegettotheOlympicPark B.howwecangettotheOlympicParkC.howdidwegettotheOlympicPark D.howwegottotheOlympicPark考点二宾语从句的引导词（连接词）要点归纳：引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略Hesaid(that)hissisterwasgoodatcooking.what,which,who,whose,whom等在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等Idon,tknowwhatyouaregoingtodo.Jerryaskedmewhoseschoolbagitwas.when（表时间），where（表地点），why（表原因），how（表方式）在从句中作状语CouldyoutellmewhereyouwentlastFriday?Doyouknowhowwecanfindhisnewhome?Iwonderwhyhewon,tcomeheretomorrow.等连接副词if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略Heaskedmeif/whetherLeowasalawyer.Iwonderwhetherhelikesmathsornot.1、当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如：EventheteacheragreedthatMartinwashistime.甚至老师也认同马丁在浪费时间。引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.当从句前有插入语时。如：Itsays,onacard,thatitismadeinItaly.c.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如：Ourteachersbelievethatifwedidthat,wewouldconcentratemoreonourclothesthanourstudies.我们的老师认为如果我们那样做的话，我们会把更多的精力放在衣服上而不是学习上。d.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。2、含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如：DoyoulikewatchingTV?Heaskedme.—Heaskedmeif/whetherwatchingTV.Idon,tifit,ssomethingIdon,tneed.我不介意它是否是我不需要的东西。何时只用whether而不用if？直接与ornot连用时，用whether，不用if。例如：Ididn,tsaywhetherornothe,llbe.我没说她是否呆在家里。Canyoutellmewhetherthetrainhasleftornot?你能否告诉我火车是不是已经开了？所引导的从句作介词宾语时，用whether，不用if。例如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI7ll.我是否回家还没定。c.引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whetherthisistrue(ornot),Ican,ttell,这是不是真的，我不能。Whetheritisadefectornot,Idon,tquiteknow,这是不是个错误，我不知道。和动词不定式连用时，用whether,不用1九例如：Idon,tknowwhethertoor.我不知道是接受还是拒绝。Idon,tknowwhethertoseemydoctortoday,我不知道今天是否去看医生。在容易造成歧义的情况下，如表达“是否”的意思时，最好用亚卜6肥匚避免用1九如：Letmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.你来还是不来，通知我一•声。如用if，则有两层意思。如：Letmeknowifyouarecoming,可理解为：你来还是不来，通知我一•声。也可理解为：你如果来的话，通知我一声。前者是宾语从句，后者则是条件状语从句。在discuss后面只能跟whether引导的宾语从句。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论了是否该关闭商店。注：doubt用于肯定句时，可用whether或if引导的宾语从句，在否定句或疑问句中则跟that引导的宾语从句。如：Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我怀疑他。Idon,tdoubtthat.我不怀疑你是诚实的。Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?你怀疑他能赢得比赛吗？☆宾语从句如果是否定句，一般用if，因为whether引导的宾语从句通常是肯定的。如：Idon,tcareifshedoesn,tcome,我不在乎他是否来。3、连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。如：Sheknewwashappeningbecauseshelearntaboutunderwaterearthquakesatschoolonlyafewweeksearlier.她知道发生了什么，因为几周前她在学校学习了水下地震方面的知识。Shedoesn'tknowthispencilbelongsto,她不知道这个铅笔是谁的。Therearethreekindsofcomputershere;Ican,tdecidekindIcanchoose,这里有三种类型的电脑，我难以决定可以挑选哪一种。4、连接副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句时，连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因，不能省略。如：Doyouknowwhenbasketball（发明）？Pleaseexplainyouarelateagaintoday.解释一■下今天又迟到的原因。Canyoutellme（你每天怎么去上学的）?【小试牛刀】IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon,tknowhewillarrive.A.when B.how C.where D.whyIknowIpromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon,tfinishworkinguntilteno,clock.A.that B.ifC.what D.whyICouldyoutellme?一“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Youshouldtrytogiveitenoughchancestobecomestrong.whyIshoulddotohaveagoodmemorywhatIcandotohaveagoodmemoryhowcanIhaveagoodmemory考点三否定前移和宾语从句的简化要点归纳：1、否定前移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：Idon,tthinkIcouldliftit,我想我提不起它。Idon,tbelievethathewillcomewithyou.我认为他不会和你一起来。2、宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Iyoure-mail.

（2）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Shedoesn,tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn,tknownext.（3）当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等时，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一■致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowme?（4）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：Idon,tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon,tbelieveTom,swords.我不相信汤姆的所说的话。一Idon'tknow.一Becausehehastolookafterhismother.B.whyisheleavingD.whetherisheleavingB.whyisheleavingD.whetherisheleavingB.howdidZhaoWeibecomeD.howdoesZhaoWeibecomeC.whetherheisleavingCouldyoutellmeagreatactress?A.howZhaoWeihasbecomeC.howbecameZhaoWeiPleasetellmetoimprovemyEnglish.A.whatIcandoB.whatcanIdoC.howIcandoD.howcanIdo一Wouldyouliketotellme?一Sure.Practicemakesperfect.A.howcanIstudyEnglishwell B.whydoIlearnEnglishwellC.howIcanstudyEnglishwell D.whyIlearnEnglishwell一Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhere?一Sure,sir.Youcantry.A.canIjoininthegroup-buying B.didIjoininthegroup-buyingC.Icanjoininthegroup-buying D.Ijoinedinthegroup-buying—Excuseme.Canyoutellme?—Atabout8o,clock,sir.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingwhattimewilltheplanearriveinBeijingwhattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingwhattimewilltheplanegettoBeijingPeopleinYanchengareproudoftheyhaveachievedinthepastthirtyyears.A.how B.which C.what D.whenHesaidhewouldcomebackinaweek.A.when B.what C.that D.whyDoyouknowIsawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whom B.when C.where D.howTherearenowordstodescribeImissmyhometown.A.howmuch B.howmany C.howsoon D.howlong课后作业：一、完成句子Iwantedtoknow（她在和谁交谈）Hesaid（他以前见过我）I'msorryfor（我所做的事）Theteacherasked（谁能回答这个问题）Janesaidthat（她将乘飞机去那里）Iwantedtoknow（她是否有一些钱）Wehaven'tdecided我们下一步该做什么）IthinkthatEnglishis（没有数学难）I'mnotsure（昨天天气是否晴朗）Heaskedme（是如何处理这件事的）Doyouknow是否要下雨）Iwantedtoknow（她是否来还是不来）二、句型转换。“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.同义句）Tom'smotheraskedhimtotryit.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）Ithisagoodidea.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided buy.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）Idon'tknowtothehospital.Idon,tsupposetheywillcome,?（改为反意疑问句）三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Wearesurethathe（go）toschooltomorrow.Doyouknowwho（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice（is）?Ourfathersaidthathe（will）buyanewcomputer.Ihearthathe（swim）intheseayesterday.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather（work）.Hesaidthathe(finish)hisworkalready.Theythoughttheycould(hike)tothetopofthemountain.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople(help)him.Shedoesn,tknowwhether(go)orwait.六、选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?HesaidA.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolorwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring)2.TomaskedmyfriendA.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry)3.LetmetellyouA.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostA.howmuchisthecarC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar)4.PeterknewA.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookwhytheboyhadsomanyquestionstherewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis)5.CouldyoutellmeA.wheredoyoulivewhoyouarewaitingforA.wheredoyouliveC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

()6.Ican'tunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleavewhyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.Idon'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee.whatwasthematterC.whatthematteriswhatwasthematterC.whatthematteriswhatthematterwasD.what'sthematter()10.HeaskedhisfatherwhereithappensC.howithappened()10.HeaskedhisfatherwhereithappensC.howithappenedwheredidithappenD.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.howweshoulddowhatshouldwedohowweshoulddowhatshouldwedohowtodoitwhattodoithowtodoitwhattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking)13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich)13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich( )1.Wewanttoknowshewillcomeback.A.that B.who C.when D.where()2.Couldyoutellusfrom?A.whereareyou B.whereyouareC.wherewereyou D.wheredidyoucome( )3.Hewasangrythathewentoutoftheschoolquickly.A.so B.very C.such D.quite( )4.Sheisgirlthateverybodylikesher.A.suchclever B.socleverC.suchcleveraD.soclevera( )5.—Doyouknow?I,mgoingtoseehim. —Sorry.Idon,tknowA.wheredoesMrLilive B.wheredidMrLiliveC.whereMrLilives D.whereMrLilived()6.I,dliketoknowA.whenwillhegivebackthetape B.whetherhasherelievedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusy D.whethershewilljoinourEnglishEvening( )7.Couldyoutellme?I,mhisoldfriend.A.wheredoesJimleave B.whenwillJimcomebackC.whereJimhasgone D.howisJim( )8.一Doyouknow?一Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehere B.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehere D.whentheGreenswouldmovehere( )9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourteachersaid B.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhat D.whathasyourteacher said( )10.Thestudentsarestudyinghard,fortheyknow.A.whataretheystudyingfor B.whataretheystudyingC.whattheyarestudyingfor D.whytheyarestudyingfor

( )11.Couldyoutellme?A.whenshallwestart B.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationis D.whywereyoulate( )12.—Doyouknow? —He,sTom,sfather.A.whoishe B.whatheisC.what,sheD.whoheis( )13.一WecanuseMSNtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.一Really?Willyoupleaseshowmeit?A.whattouseB.howtouseC.howcanIuseD.wherecanIuse( )14.—Canyoutellmewhy? -BecauseIwanttohelpthepeoplethere.A.doyougotoTibet B.didyougotoTibetC.areyougoingtoTibet D.youaregoingtoTibet( )15.Idon,tknowhestillliveshere.A.where B.what C.whenD.whether( )16.HelearnedthatthesunalsoA.movedB.moving( )17.MothertoldmethatIA.tobesureof,wouldcome( )16.HelearnedthatthesunalsoA.movedB.moving( )17.MothertoldmethatIA.tobesureof,wouldcomeC.tobesure,willcome( )18.PleasetellmewhenyouIwillmeetyouatthestationwhenyouA.come,comeC.willcome,come fast.C.movesD.wasmovingbackontime.B.tomakesure,willcomeD.tomakesure,wouldcometomorrow.B.willcome,willcomeD.come,willcome( )19.Hetoldusthattheearthround.D.hasbeenA.was B.is C.beD.hasbeen( )20.Theteachertoldusthatweafootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.A.have B.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave( )21.HetoldmethathetoJinanlastmonth.

A.go B.went C.hasgoneD.goes( )22.Idon,tknowmuchaboutcomputer,.A.too B.either C.neitherD.also( )23.TheYellowRiveristhesecondriverinChina.A.long B.longer C.longestD.mostlong( )24.Pleasetellmeshewillcomeornot.A.whetherB.if( )25.Wearenotsure.A.whetherB.if( )25.Wearenotsure.A.whenyouwillflytoSydneyC.whenflytoSydney( )26.Nooneknowsnext.howtodo B.whattodoC.that D.whywhenwillyouflytoSydneyD.whentoSydneytoflywhentodoD.whytodo( )27.—Shallwegoscubadivingwithsomeotherboysthisafternoon?A.Thatsoundsreallycool.B.Whatapity!C.I’msorryforthat. D.Itdoesn,tmatter.( )28.—Ihearmosthotelsareveryfullthesedays.—Don,tworry.I,vearoominafive-starhotel.C.paidD.keptB.HowimportantinformationC.paidD.keptB.HowimportantinformationD.Howanimportantinformation()29.itis!A.WhatimportantinformationC.Whatanimportantinformation( )30.Oh,Iyou