【创新设计】高考英语总复习 214第四章非谓语动词（江苏专用）

第四章非谓语动词

一、不定式1．不定式作主语不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。【例1】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表语不定式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。【例3】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作宾语英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作宾补(1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.todosth.结构。【例8】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。【例9】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．不定式作定语(1)不定式用在thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等短语后面作定语。【例10】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．tobeinvitedfor B．tobeinvitedtoC．invitedfor D．invitingto答案B(2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主谓关系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(动宾关系)【例11】Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(2010·上海)A．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作状语(1)作原因状语。不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。【例12】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition. (2010·辽宁)A．finding B．tofindC．find D．tobefind答案B(2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“soastodo”或“inordertodo”结构作目的状语。inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.

(2010·全国Ⅰ)A．buy B．tobuyC．buying D．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．Inordertonot B．InordernottoC．Tonot D．Soasnotto答案B(3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意为“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋todo意为“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的结果。【例15】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．trying B．intryingC．totry D．andtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式，且不定式必须是及物动词。

【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositinC．sittingin D．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedone B．todoC．todoit D．ofdoing答案B7．“疑问词＋不定式”结构此结构相当于名词的功能，即作主语、宾语、表语等成分。不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应成分。【例19】—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact. (2010·辽宁)A．howB．whoC．whatD．where答案A【例20】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaspossible.A．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的被动式。【例22】ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110­meterhurdlerace. (2007·辽宁)A．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重庆)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、动名词动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不作状语，有各种形式的变化。1．动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。注意：nouse，nogood作表语时，真正的主语常用动名词，一般不用不定式。【例24】Inmymind，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld­classwriter.A．attending B．attendedC．attend D．havingattended答案A【例25】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talk B．totalkC．talking D．talked答案C2．动名词作宾语(1)有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等。【例26】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；practisingwritingB．reading；practisingtowriteC．reading；topractisewritingD．toread；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】—Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；dancing B．playing；todanceC．toplay；todance D．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，agoodtime)(in)＋动名词；bebusy(in)＋动名词；wastetime(in)＋动名词；thereisnopoint(in)＋动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常可省。【例29】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant. (2010·上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．finding答案D【例30】—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totake B．takingC．nottotake D．nottaking答案D三、分词分词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语、状语等。1．分词作表语分词作表语具有形容词的功能，说明主语的性质或特征。现在分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，意为“令人……的”，主语通常是物；过去分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，意为“感到……的”，主语通常是人。【例31】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interestedC．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitement B．excitedC．exciting D．excitedly答案B2．分词作定语现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。【例33】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．advertised B．tobeadvertisedC．advertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat. (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分词作宾补常跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。【例35】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles. (2010·辽宁)A．torecognize B．recognizingC．recognize D．recognized答案D4．分词作状语分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语等。【例36】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福建)A．sending B．tosendC．havingsent D．tohavesent答案A四、难点速通难点1：不定式to后的内容省略的问题为了避免重复，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必须有to，但to后面的动词常省略。但如果to后是be或have时不省。【例37】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】—Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．beC．haveD．havebeen答案D难点2：with复合结构“with＋宾语＋非谓语动词”是一种特殊的结构，可以在句中作定语或状语。【例39】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山东)A．laid B．layingC．tolay D．beinglaid答案A难点3：remember，forget，regret后接动名词和不定式的区别后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。【例40】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，Iforgot________.A．turningitoff B．turnitoffC．toturnitoff D．havingturneditoff答案C【例41】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?Pleaseremember________ittohimtomorrow.A．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A难点4：want，need，require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。【例43】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例44】Hedeserves________.A．promoted B．promoteC．tobepromoted D．topromote答案C难点5：在try，stop，mean，goon，can'thelp后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同(1)trydoingsth.试着做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味着做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.继续做某事(即：再做原来做着的那件事)；goontodosth.接着做另一件事(即：做与原来不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knock B．toknockC．knocking D．tobeknocking答案C【例46】Shereachedthetopofthe