人教版高中英语选择性Unit1ScienceandScientists单元水平测试

第一单元水平测试时间：120分钟满分：150分英语听力第一节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text1M：It'ssobeautiful!It'swhiteallover.W：Yes.Let'sgoandmakeasnowmanwhenitstopssnowing.1．What'stheweatherlikenow?A．Fine. B．Rainy.C．Snowy.答案：CText2M：Lucy,goanddoyourhomeworknow.W：OK,Dad.ButcanIfinishthisbookfirst?Thereareafewpagesleft.2．WhatisLucydoing?A．Readingabook. B．Doinghomework.C．Writingastory.答案：AText3W：It'salready3：25now.Let'sgoinside.M：Therearestillfiveminutesleftbeforethemoviebegins.Lilywillbehereanyminutenow.W：Idon'twanttomissthebeginning.I'llgofirst.3．Whendoesthemoviebegin?A．At3：25. B．At3：30.C．At3：35.答案：BText4W：Couldyoupassmeanapple?M：Sorry,butthereareonlytwopearsandonebananaleft.4．Whatdoesthewomanwanttoeat?A．Anapple. B．Abanana.C．Apear.答案：AText5W：Whereisyourfather?M：Hewasinhisstudyjustnow.Buthehasgonetothegarage.5．Whereistheman'sfatherprobablynow?A．Inhisstudy. B．Inthegarage.C．Inhisroom.答案：B第二节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Text6W：DoIneedtowearspecialbootsforhorse­ridinglessons?M：Yes,everyonedoes.Youmustalsowearahat.Wehavesomegoodonesattheridingschool,sodon'tworryaboutthat.W：Oh,good.Myfatherboughtmeahatlastweek,butit'snotcomfortable.M：Andit'salsoagoodideatowearsomegloves.W：That'sOK.I'vegotsomegloves.Mysisterhadsomeboots,buttheydon'tfitme.I'llhavetogototheshopsandgetsome.CanIwearmyjeans?M：Jeansarefine.6．Whywon'tthewomanwearherownhat?A．Itisuncomfortable. B．Itdoesn'tfither. C．Itisold.答案：A7．Whatwillthewomando?A．Tryonhersister'sgloves.B．Buyapairofboots. C．Changeherjeans.答案：B听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。Text7W：Excuseme.Canyoutellmeifthereisagasstationaroundhere?M：Yeah.Thereareafew.Theclosestoneisonlyacoupleofblocksaway,butit'salittleexpensive.Thecheapestoneisabouttwomilesfromhere.W：Well,IthinkIshouldjustgofortheclosestone!M：OK.Justgostraightuntilyouseethefirsttrafficlightsupthere.Takealeftturn,andgodownoneblock.You'llseethegasstationnearapostoffice.W：OK.Ishouldbeabletomakeit.8．Howfarisitfromheretothecheapestgasstation?A．Abouttwomiles. B．Aboutfivemiles.C．Acoupleofblocksaway.答案：A9．Whichonewillthewomangotofinally?A．Thecheapestone. B．Theclosestone.C．Themoreexpensiveone.答案：B10．Whereshouldthewomantakealeftturn?A．Atthegasstation. B．Atthepostoffice.C．Atthefirsttrafficlights.答案：C听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。Text8W：Henry,areyoureadyforthebeach?M：Yes,Kelly!HereIam!W：Henry,Icanhardlyseeyou.Youlooklikeyou'rewearingthesheetofaking­sizebed.M：Ineedtoprotectmyskin.I'mallergictothesun.W：Wecouldhavegonetoaswimmingpool!M：No!Idon'tevenliketoswim!IjustwanttotakealongwalkwhileIhearthewavesandsmellthesaltintheair.W：Howcanyousmellanythingwhenyou'vecoveredyourentireface?M：Let'sjustgetinthecar.Weonlyhaveonedayoff.Idon'twanttowasteasecond.W：Didn'tyouhearthenewmanager?Wehavetwodaysoff.M：What?Oh,great!Twodaysbythesea!W：Tomorrow'ssupposedtorain.I'mgoingtostayhome.M：Suityourself.Rainorshine,I'mgoingbacktothebeach.W：Ryanisusingmycartomorrow.Ican'tgiveyouanotherride.M：I'llbikethere.W：Ineverknewyoulikedthebeachsomuch.M：It'snotgenerallysomethingItalkaboutattheoffice.I'mjusttoobusy.W：Ineverknewyouweresosensitivetothesuneither.M：That'swhyIhavecurtainsinmyoffice.11．WhatwillHenrydoatthebeach?A．Goswimming. B．Gowalking.C．Gobiking.答案：B12．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues. B．Classmates.C．Managerandcustomer.答案：A13．Whywon'tKellygotothebeachtomorrow?A．Itwillrain.B．Shehastowork.C．Sheissensitivetothesun.答案：A听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。Text9M：Thereisabrilliantdrawingandwritingcompetitioninthismagazine,Anna.W：Whatdoyouhavetodraw,Greg?M：Amonster...somethingstrangethatlivesonthemoonorsomething.W：Sodoyouhavetowriteaboutthemonstertoo?M：Yes.Themonster'sageisn'timportant,butyouhavetochooseanameforit.W：Andshoulditbebig?M：Youdon'thavetowriteabouthowbigitis...W：OK.M：Butyoudohavetosaywhatspecialthingsitcando.W：OK.Howmanywordscanyouwrite?M：Youhavetowritemorethan50butlessthan150.W：Aren'tyoutoooldtodrawmonsters.Greg?You'refourteen!M：Iknow!Butthecompetitionisfor13­to­15­year­olds.W：OK.Whowillchoosethewinner?Acartoonartist?M：No,awriter...andthere'llbeaphotographofthewinnerinthemagazine.W：Wow!What'sthefirstprize?Notcinematicketsagain.M：It'smuchbetterthanthat—$50tospendinSuperStore.W：Oh!That'suseful.Ineedpencils,pensandanewschoolbag.PerhapsI'llenterthecompetition,too!14．Whatdoesthemanthinkisimportantaboutthemonster?A．Itsage. B．Itssize.C．Itsname.答案：C15．Howoldistheman?A．13yearsold. B．14yearsold.C．15yearsold.答案：B16．Whowillchoosethewinner?A．Acartoonartist. B．Awriter.C．Aphotographer.答案：B17．Whatisthefirstprize?A．Cinematickets. B．Anewschoolbag.C．$50tospendinSuperStore.答案：C听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。Text10FemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively­unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21­year­oldscientisthasn'tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn'salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She'sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen'shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn'tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviorofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.18．WhatisTieraGuinn'sgreatestachievement?A．Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B．Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C．Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.答案：C19．WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A．Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B．Shewasapioneerofthewomen'shealthintheUSandtheUK.C．Shefoundedthefirstwomen'sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.答案：B20．Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal­protectionmovement?A．TieraGuinn. B．JaneGoodall.C．ElizabethBlackwell.答案：B第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMuchoftoday'sscienceofphysicsisbasedonNewton'sdiscoveryofthethreelawsofmotionandhistheoryofgravity.Newtonsaid,“IfIsawfurtherthanothermen,itwasbecauseIstoodontheshouldersofgiants.”OnewasthegreatItalianscientist,Galileo.AnotherwasthePolishscientistNicholasCopernicus,whohadbegunascientificrevolution.Itledtoacompletelynewunderstandingofhowtheuniverseworked.GalileocontinuedandexpandedtheworkofCopernicus.Newtonbuiltontheideasofthesetwoscientistsandothers.Hefoundandprovedtheanswersforwhichtheysearched.IssacNewtonwasborninWoolsthorpe,England,onDecember25th,1642.Hewasbornearlyandnooneexpectedhimtosurvive.Heliveduntilhewas84.Hisfatherdiedbeforehewasborn.Hismothermarriedagain.Helivedwithhisgrandmaonthefamilyfarm.Asaboy,helikedtomakethings.Healsodecidedtofindadifferentwaytomeasurethespeedofthewind.Onawindyday,hemeasuredhowfarhecouldjumpwiththewindathisback.Thenhemeasuredhowfarhecouldjumpwiththewindinhisface.Fromthedifferencebetweenthetwojumps,hemadehisownmeasureofthestrengthofthewind.Strangely,Newtonbecameamuchbetterstudentafteraboykickedhiminthestomach.Theboywasoneofthebestofthestudentsintheschool.Newtondecidedtogetevenwithhimbygettinghighermarksthantheboykickinghim.Newtonbecamethetopstudentattheschoolverysoon.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了有关牛顿三大理论来源及对牛顿的简介。1．Asaboy,whatwasNewtonlike?A．Hewastooweaktosurvive.B．Hewasdeterminedtostudymath.C．Helikedtofindoutnewwaystosolveproblems.D．Hetendedtostudymathonthefamilyfarm.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Asaboy,helikedtomakethings.Healsodecidedtofindadifferentwaytomeasurethespeedofthewind.”可以看出牛顿小时候喜欢找出解决问题的新方法。故选C。2．WecanknowfromthetextthatthetheoriesofNewton,Galileo,andCopernicusfocuson.A．howtheuniverseworksB．thethreelawsofmotionC．ascientificrevolutionD．thetheoryofgravity答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段第四、五、六句“AnotherwasthePolishscientistNicholasCopernicus,whohadbegunascientificrevolution.Itledtoacompletelynewunderstandingofhowtheuniverseworked.GalileocontinuedandexpandedtheworkofCopernicus.”可知，牛顿、伽利略和哥白尼的理论关注的是宇宙如何运作。故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Oneofthehistory'sgreatestscientistsB．IssacNewton—History'sgreatestscientistC．Oneoftheworld'sgreatestscientists,IssacNewtonD．IssacNewtonandhislaws答案：C标题判断题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了世界上最伟大的科学家之一——牛顿。故选C。BJamesGross,apsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,hasa13­year­olddaughterwholovesmathandscience.“Ithasn'toccurredtoheryetthat'sunusual，”hesays.“ButIknowinthenextcoupleofyears,itwill.”She'salreadybeingpulledoutofclasstodoadvancedthingswithacoupleofotherkids,whoareguys.Andassomeonewhostudieshumanemotionforaprocession,Grosssays,“Iknowastimegoeson,shewillfeelincreasinglylonelyasagirlwho'sinterestedinmathandscience,andbeatriskofnarrowingherchoicesinlifebeforefindingouthowfarshecouldhavegone.”Gross'concernclearlyshowswhathasbeenatouchysubjectintheworldofscienceforalongtime:Whyaretherestillsofewwomeninscience,andhowmightthataffectwhatwelearnfromresearch?Womennowmakeuphalfthenationalworkforce,earnmorecollegeandgraduatedegreesthanmen,andbysomeestimatesrepresentthelargestsingleeconomicforceintheworld.Yetthegendergapinsciencepersists,toagreaterdegreethaninotherprofessions,particularlyinhigh­end,math­intensivefieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering.AccordingtoUSCensusBureaustatistics,womeninfieldscommonlyreferredtoasSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)madeup7percentofthatworkforcein1970,afigurethathadjumpedto23percentby1990.Buttheriseessentiallystoppedthere.Twodecadeslater,in2011,womenmadeup26percentofthescienceworkforce.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长期以来科学界一直存在的一个敏感话题：为什么科学界的女性仍然如此之少，而这又会如何影响我们从研究中获得的知识呢？4．AccordingtoJamesGross,inthenearfuturehisdaughtermay.A．becomeagreatscientistB．feellonelyandhavefewerchoicesC．bepulledoutofclasswithsomeguysD．learnmathandsciencebetterandbetter答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Iknowastimegoeson,shewillfeelincreasinglylonelyasagirlwho'sinterestedinmathandscience,andbeatriskofnarrowingherchoicesinlifebeforefindingouthowfarshecouldhavegone.”可知，随着时间的推移，作为一个对数学和科学感兴趣的女孩，她会感到越来越孤独，有可能会限制她在生活中的选择。故选B。5．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A．womenareclevererthanmenincollegeB．menrepresentthelargestsingleeconomicforceC．womenmakeupmorethan50%ofthenationalworkforceD．thenumberofwomengraduatingfromcollegeislargerthanthatofmen答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Womennowmakeuphalfthenationalworkforce,earnmorecollegeandgraduatedegreesthanmen”可知，现在女性占全国劳动力的一半，比男性获得更多的大学和研究生学位，由此可推断出大学毕业的女性比男性的数量多，故选D。6．Howdoestheauthordevelopthelastparagraph?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomments.C．Byfollowingtimeorder.D．Byexplainingtheprocess.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Accordingto...madeup7percent...in1970,...jumpedto23percentby1990...Twodecadeslater,in2011,womenmadeup26percent...”可知，1970年女性构成这个领域劳动力的7%,1990年攀升到23%,2011年占据了26%。由此可知作者是以时间为顺序来展开最后一段的，故选C。7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyItIsImportanttoGetMoreWomenIntoScienceB．JamesGross,ConfusionAboutHisdaughterC．SituationofWomenintheWholeCountryD．FutureofWomenintheWorkforce答案：A标题判断题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了长期以来科学界一直存在的一个现象：科学界的女性较少。分析文章可知大学毕业的女性多于男性，但在高端的数学密集领域非常少。这更说明这一领域需要更多的女性。分析选项中可知A项符合题意，故选A。C(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclass­roomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.＋9mm]篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。8．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。9．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher­studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。10．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct. B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules. D．Gradetheirhomework.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案：B标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。D(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代数)courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美国宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.Buthermostwell­knownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhard­nosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家NancyRoman(南希·罗曼)传奇的一生。文章旨在告诉我们坚持自己的梦想，你一定会成为你想成为的那个人！12．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知在中学时当NancyRoman请求批准再参加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语？”可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。13．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。14．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969. B．In1979.C．In1990. D．In2000.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知选B。15．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebecomeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhard­nosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告诉我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.16Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(记住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemories.Short­term,orworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople'sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform.17Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshorttermmemory.18Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(观察)theinformationinasurprisingwayorlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!19Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.20Inthisactivityyou'lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A．Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B．Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C．Short­termmemoryhasashortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D．Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E．Retainingthatinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F．Yourshort­termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G．However,theyareprovedtobegoodwaysforimprovingmemorybyscientists.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个关于记忆的科学项目。16．B根据空后“Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.”(因此，它将试图丢弃那些看起来过时或无关紧要的信息。)可知，我们的大脑总是在寻找新的、有用的信息。故选B。17．C根据空后“Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshorttermmemory.”(人们不需要停下来，想在短期记忆中记住一些东西。)可知，短期记忆的持续时间很短，但很快就能被访问。故选C。18．A根据空后“Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(观察)theinformationinasurprisingwayorlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.”(这些技术包括以一种令人惊讶的方式可视化信息或将信息链接在一起，目的是让你想起了另一个。)可知，有许多提高记忆的技术。故选A。19．D根据空后“Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物)milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.”(如果你需要购买谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和鸡蛋，你可以想象一个碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果。)可知，此外，链接信息可以帮助你记住你的购物清单。故选D。20．G根据空前“Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.”(这些看起来很简单，甚至有些愚蠢。)可知下句应该是与上句转折的内容，G项“然而，事实证明，它们是科学家提高记忆力的好方法。”符合语境。故选G。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull21ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot22onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas23andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto24asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1292.Hewasprobablythefirstinthemiddleagesto25thatwemustlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself26manyimportanttruths.Galileo(15641642),however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,27begantoshowhowmanyimportant28couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmorerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones,29Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe30oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo31stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo's32ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour33andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What34thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowitclearlythatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave35betterresults.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。21． B．timeC．speed D．use答案：D结合语境可知，此处指充分利用他所观察的事实。此处makefulluseof意为“充分利用”，符合题意，故选D。22． B．basedC．insisted D．centered答案：B根据上文“Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhich”以及下文“onobviousfacts”可知，这里指的是以明显的事实为依据。此处bebasedon意为“以……为基础”，故选B。23． B．carefullyC．quickly D．secretly答案：B根据上文“Healwayschecksideas”以及下文“andmakesexperimentstoprovethem”可知，此处表示仔细地核实想法，故选B。24． B．keepC．look D．come答案：A根据下文“theyears1214and1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。此处dateback是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”，故选A。25． B．suspectC．suggest D．conclude答案：C根据下文“wemustlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself26manyimportanttruths”可知，此处是他所建议的事情，故选C。26． B．announcedC．handled D．discovered答案：D根据上文“experimentingonthethingsaroundus”以及下文“manyimportanttruths”可知，此处指的是他本人发现了很多重要的真理，故选D。27． B．whenC．that D．where答案：A根据上文“wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly”可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是men，所以用who来引导定语从句，故选A。28． B．problemsC．truths D．subjects答案：C根据下文“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现，故选C。29． B．becauseC．when D．if答案：B根据下文“Aristotle(亚里士多德)saidso”可知，此处指的是因为亚里士多德是这样说的，故选B。30． B．footC．top D．ceiling答案：C根据下文“oftheLeaningTowerofPisa”可知，此处指的是伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶，故选C。31． B．smallC．equal D．unequal答案：D根据上文“letfalltwo”以及下文“stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，故选D。32． B．skillC．theory D．discovery答案：Aspirit“精神”；skill“技巧，技能”；theory“理论”；discovery“发现”。这是伽利略探索自然的精神，故选A。33． B．opinionsC．world D．ability答案：B根据下文“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的theories(理论)相照应。此处是指通过实验证明我们的观点和理论，故选B。34． B．preventsC．considers D．makes答案：D根据下文的“...successfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave35betterresults”可知，此处是说“是什么使这些人成为优秀的科学家？”故选D。35． B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged答案：C根据语境可知此处是指我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家是那些依据其观测结果得出更好的结论的科学家。故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousscientist.Whenhe36(ask)whyhewasabletosucceed,hegavetheanswer.Itallcamefromanexperiencewith37motherwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.“IwastryingtogetabottleofmilkfromthefridgewhenIlostthebottleanditfell,spilling(溢出)themilkalloverthefloor—aseaofmilk!Igot38(frighten)andIdidn'tknowwhattodo！”hesaid.Insteadof39(punish)him,hismotheraskedhimtoplayinthemilkforawhile.Thenshesaid,“Youknow,wefailedinhowto40(successful)carryabigmilkbottlewithtwotiny41(hand)justnow.Let'sgooutintheyardandfillthebottle42watertoseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryit.”Thisfamousscientistthenremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthathe43(know)hedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes44wereactuallyopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn'twork”，weusuallylearnsomething45(value)fromit.36．0．4．45.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章分享了一位著名科学家成功的一个小故事。36．wasasked考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当他被问到为什么他能够成功的时候，他给出了