大学英语四级真题试卷第套

2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(三)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，此后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,theirpriceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)说明：2017年

6月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力

.本套的听力内容与第二套同样，所以本套听力部分不再重复给出。Part

Ⅲ

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inthewhichanimbody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29)_______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(欣慰剂）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheye-trackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2上作答。A)cautiouslyE)effectivelyI)phenomenonM)solution

B)commitF)increasedJ)preventingN)sufficient

C)controlG)involvedK)sensitiveO)vigorous

D)cyclingH)limitedL)slowingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“playersteam”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(开始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等级体系).Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(灵便性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(过渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”somakesDigitaltechnologiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.Themillennials“”千(禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(专业)andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams.Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingurposeisonharderitspstill.Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:AmericaNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurandthenquicklydisbandthem.Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeAmazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.immunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontaindeviants“”离(经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorewhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeescomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchmeetingstimeorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteamrpose.’sSomescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrombillionin2011to￡billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto￡billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom￡43in2014to￡41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“，softnessStrengthandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.''Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatwhenleastit—comestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause_____.BritonshavecuttheirspendingonititspriceshavegoneupovertheyearsitsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementBritonshavedevelopedthehabitofsavingWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?Itwillexpendintime.Itwillremaingloomy.Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(随机地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.retraining“Iforyouamarathon,’youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well，ifIgraduallyreduce,it’selike，’”practicsaysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(瘾）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittimoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’scompgivesllingthem.Ittheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit，’’Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A)Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelp.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.D)Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.kindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindsonHawley-’sexperiment?Itisidealized.Itisunexpected.Itisencouraging.Itismisleading.Theideaof“amarathon（Line”2,Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmokingissomethingfewcanaccomplishneedssomepracticefirstrequiresalotofpatienceisachallengeatthebeginningWhathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水污浊的颜色。黄河起源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生计的几条河流之一。黄河流域(riverbasin)是中国古代文明的出生地，也是中国初期历史上最繁荣的地区。可是，因为极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾祸。在过去几十年里，政府采纳了各种举措防备灾祸发生。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。参照答案26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950OIEGMDCJNFHDBJGAFEICABCAD5152535455BDCBA翻译第三套答案：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水污浊的颜色。黄河起源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生计的几条河流之一。黄河流域（riverbasin）是中国古代文明的出生地，也是中国初期历史上最繁荣的地