主从复合句讲与练

〜内容从句 一__-------一〜连词例子主语从句一般为特殊问词Howwegetthereisaproblem.宾语从句ThatIf/whether特殊问词表语从句一般为特殊问词定语从句who/thatwhich/thatwhere/when/why---状语从句条件if/unless时间when/while/as/until/since/after/before原因because/since/as结果so---that比较---than---目的---sothat---让步though/although/方式asif地点where主从复合句主句是主体，从句只是句子的一个成分，换言之，将句子（除谓语外）的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类关联词分五类疑问代词：who（whom/whose），which,what, 关系代词：who（whom/whose），which,that,疑问副词：when,where,why,how关系副词：when,where,why从属连词：that（无词义），whether,if,although,after because,before,when,since， assoonas,aslongas只有从属连词没有句子功用，即不担任句子成分。从句分为五类：主语从句宾语从句表语从句前三项都是名词性从句，句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号，所用关联词相同：1,连词that/whether/if2,疑问代词who/what/which3,疑问副词when/where/how/why（引导间接疑问句）定语从句状语从句记住一个句子学会一种句法现象。一一一一....主语从句subjectclause，也可分为三种：that引导的主从/由连接代副词引导的主从/what和whoever等引导的主从。 1由that引导的主从，用得最多。（that后面是主语）“Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.”她成为画家可能是受其父主从复合句练习一、单项填空---DoyouknowgoingtostayinLondon?---No,Idon't.Maybeafewdays.A.whenheisB.howlongheisC.whenisheD.howlongisheI’mnewhere.Couldyoutellme,please?A.wherethefirstbusarriveB.whenthefirstbusarrivesC.whendidthefirstbusarriveD.whenwillthefirstbusarriveChildrenlikehousesarepaintedindifferentcolours.A.whichB.theyC.thoseD.whatMissGreenistheonlypersoncanhelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.sheB.whomC.whichD.whoIdon’tknowwhenhe.Whenhe.Iwillletyouknow.A.willarrive;willarriveB.arrives;arrivesC.willarrive;arrivesD.arrives;willarrive---Canyouguesswhowillbethefirsttocrossthefinishingline?---Sandy.Janedidn’trunsofastshedidlasttime.A.thanB.soC.thatD.as---Whyhasn’tMr.Licometoworktoday?---hehasgonetoBeijingtohaveameeting.A.IfB.UntilC.ThoughD.Because10.theyaretwins,theydon’tlookthesameatall.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.AsD.SinceHeisthemostboringspeakerIhaveevermet.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as---Tellhimtocometoseeme,willyou?---Sure,I7lllethimknowassoonasheA.returnB.returnsC.willreturnD.returnedAnyonehasaquestionpleasecomehere.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that二、句型转换“Dotheywantfriedchicken?”Heaskedtheboys.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.Watertheyoungplantsoften,ortheywilldie.（改为含有状语从句的复合句）watertheyoungplantsoften,theywilldie.“Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?”Ourteacherasked.（改为宾语从句）Ourteacheraskedwaterthereinthebottle.Mymotherdidn’tdecidewherewewouldgoforaholiday.（改为简单句）Mymotherdidn’tdecidegoforaholiday.IlikeChineseteawithoutanythinginit.（改为定语从句） IlikeChinesetea init.主从复合句中时态一致 “主过从过主将从现主现从任”原则 主从复合句中时态的一致是中考考点之一。主要有以下几种情况 【主将从现】在以whenafterassoonas等引导的时间状语从句以及以if unless等引导的条件状语从句中如果主句是一般将来时从句则用一般现在时。例如 Ierthegoodnewswhensheback.当她回来的时候我将把这个好消息告诉她。 Ifit,hehereontime.如果不下雨他会按时来这儿的。常见的有以下三种情况 一、状语从句的主句是一般将来时那么从句常常用一般现在时。如 WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.我长大后要当一名护士照顾病人。二、如果主句是祈使句那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时根据需要从句多用一般现在时。如Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.在阅览室时应保持安静。 【主过从过】在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如 Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty. 他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。MissGreensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore. 格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。【主现从任】 在宾语从句中当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时后面从句时态不受主句限制可根据情况选用各种适合的时态。例如 Doyouknowwhenwe'llhaveafootballmatch?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗 YouknowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已去上海了。 【特别关注】1.当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时。例如 Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。WhenIwasastudent,myteacheroftentoldusth当我还是学生的时候老师常常告诉我们岁月不等人。2.在"since 点时间”句型中主句通常用现在完成时从句用一般过去时。例如 Hehasworkedatthefactorysincehecamehere. 自从他来到这儿他就一直在这家工厂上班。另外在句型"It's+段时间since从句”中since后面的从句要用一般过去时。例如It'salongtimesincewemetlast. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。3.在复合句中如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去而且有先后则在先的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时。例如Whenhegotthere,thetrainhadleft. 当他到那儿的时候火车已经开了。Hesaidhehadvisitedtheschoolbefore. 他说他以前参观过那所学校参考答案 1-5BCDBA6-10ACCBC【小试身手】1.Ifheharder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.04』匕京A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studiedIwillgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.04哈尔滨A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was3.Ifyouachancetostudyinaforeigncountry,justtakeit.04苏州A.gettingB.hadgotC.willgetD.getDon’tleaveuntilheback.A.havecomeB.comesC.willcomeD.came“Shallwehavethevolleyballmatchtomorrow?”“Oh,itwillbeputoffifit.04黄冈A.snowsB.issnowingC.snowedD.willsnowTellhimaboutthenewswhenheJohn.Yes,Iwill.04宁波A.comesB.willcomeC.wouldD.iscomingTomorrowwewillgotothecityparkitissunny.05安徽A.assoonasB.whenC.ifD.asPleasedon’tleaveuntilyourteacherback.05河南A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming9.Iwanttoknowifthereasportsmeetingnextmonth.Iftheyit,Imustgetreadyfori。05青岛A.is,willhold B.willbe,holdC.willbe,willholdD.willhave,hold10. Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifittomorrow.---Goodidea.A.notrainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.won’train---Doyouknowthegirlisstandingunderthetree?---Sheismylittlesister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichWelikeJackieChanmoviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which35.---ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?---Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.which D.thatThismorningmymotheraskedme.A.whyheisnothereB.howdidmybrotherdoitC.whattimeisitD.WhatJulydidovertheweekendYouwillfailyournextexamyoustarttoworkhardnow.A.becauseB.unlessC.so D.whySheaskedmeifIknew.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitIdon’tknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whether B.whereC.whatD.whenIdon’tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I’lltellyou.A.if,WhetherB.whether,whetherC.if,that D.if,ifCanyoutellmetheradio?AhowdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemendedHeaskedhisfather.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappenCouldyoutellmewiththemoney?A.howtodoB.whatshouldIdoC.howshouldIdoD.whatIshoulddoYouwillfindhimanicemanwheny