高考英语语法-虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人的某种愿望、假设怀疑、猜测、建议等,常用于纯属假设或实现的可能性不大的情况。一、非真实if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气1.对现在的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反：if从句用一般过去时&be动词用were,主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形。IfIwereyou,Iwouldbuythathouse.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithyou.2.对过去的虚拟，表示与过去事实相反：if从句用had+过去分词,主句用would/could/should/might+have+过去分词。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexamination.如果他听取我的建议，他会成功通过考试的。3.对将来的虚拟，表示与将来事实相反：if从句用一般过去时、wereto+动词原形、should+动词原形,主句用woud/could/should/might+动词原形。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn'tgoout.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.4.省略if的虚拟条件句：当虚拟条件句中有should,had或were时,可以省略if,且把should,had或were提至主语前，变为倒装句式。Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.Shoulditraintomorrow，thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.5.混合虚拟语气：当条件从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，就形成了混合虚拟语气。此时，从句和主句根据各自谓语动作发生的时间不同，采用相应的谓语动词形式。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvicethen,youwouldn'tbeintroublenow.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(从句指过去，主句指现在)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法(1)表示“命令、建议、要求”等的动词，如suggest,order,insist、demand、require、advise等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.HeinsistedthatI(should)cometohisofficeatoneo’clock.注意：suggest表示“暗示，表明”,insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，其后的从句不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthatheagreedtothisplan.Theboyinsistedthathehadn'tbrokenthewindow.(2)wish后的宾语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,用"would/could/might+动词原形”表示与将来事实相反。1wishIweretenyearsyounger.1wishIhadknowntheanswertothequestion.IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.(3)wouldrather后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。1wouldratherthatyoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。1wouldratherthatyouhadn'ttoldhim.我宁愿你没有告诉他。三、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从旬中的用法在表示“愿望、建议、命令、主张、要求”等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用"(should+)动词原形"。常见名词有：suggestion/advice/demand/requirement/order/insistence/proposal等。Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmokingHegaveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseoftime.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法It’s+表示要求、建议、必要、命令等意思的形容词或分词+that主语从句(should)+动词原形，如：requested/suggested./advised/proposed/natural/surprising/essential/important/necessary/urgent等Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.Itis+pity/nowonder/arule/ashame/asurprise...+that从句，从句一般用(should)+动词原形It’sarulethateveryone(should)obeythelaws.五、虚拟语气的其他用法ifonly：要是...就好了！引导的从句中需用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反haddone;与现在事实相反did/were;与将来事实相反would/coulddo.IfonlyIwereascleverasyou!要是我像你一样聪明就好了!习题一、选择题IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.A.wouldfinishB.musthavefinishedC.wouldhavefinished D.hadfinished

2.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents___acompositioneveryotherweek.

A.write B.written C.wouldwrite D.willwrite

3.Hadhestudiedhard,he___theexam.

A.wouldpass B.couldpass C.hadpassed D.wouldhavepassed

4.IwishI___whatishappeningthereinhisroom.

A.know B.known C.knew D.shouldknow

5.Itisimportantthatyou___sportseveryday.

A.shouldhave B.wouldhave C.musthave D.willhave

6.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything___.

A.willdie B.woulddie C.wouldhavedied D.wouldhavebeendead

7.___whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.IfIhadknown B.IfIknow C.IfIknew

8.Heorderedthatthework___rightaway.

A.shouldfinish B.finished C.wouldbefinished D.shouldbefinished

9.—Shallwegotothemovietonight?

—No,I'drather___athomewithourbaby.You'dbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight.

A.youstayed B.youstay C.stayed D.stay

10.___inyourposition,Iwouldhelphim.

A.IfIwas B.IfIwere C.IfIam D.IfIhadbeen

11.Ifyouhadspokenclearly,Iwould___.

A.understandit B.haveunderstood C.beunderstood D.havebeenunderstood

12.Ifyou___thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.

A.haven'twatchedB.hadn'twatchedC.didn'twatch D.wouldn'thavewatched13.

The

teacher

demanded

that

the

exam

_____

before

eleven.

A.

must

finish

B.

would

be

finished

C.

be

finished

D.

must

be

finished

14.

Had

you

listened

to

the

doctor,

you

_____

all

right

now.

A.

are

B.

were

C.

would

be

D.

would

have

been

15.

_____

tomorrow,

he

would

get

there

by

Friday.

A.

Ifheweretoleave

B.

Was

he

leaving

C.

Ifhewouldleave

D.

If

he

leave

16.

If

only

I

_____

my

watch!

A.

hadn’t

lost

B.

haven’t

lost

C.

didn’t

lost

D.

don’t

lose

17.

I’d

rather

you

___

right

away.

A.

leave

B.

left

C.

will

leave

D.

to

leave

18

Itis

arulethat

we

___

in

the

school.

A.

will

keepquiet B.

keepingquiet C.

should

keepquiet D.

kept

19.

He

wishes

___

mistakes.

A.hedoesn’talwaysmake