用(让步于)最粗鲁的行为

AreTheyFriendsofours?CrueltyUnit5AFriendInNeedTextATableofContentsCulturalNotesQuestions&AnswersWordStudyI.CulturalNotesWilliam

SomersetMaugham

(1874-1965)

Britishnovelist,playwright,shortstorywriter,highestpaidauthorintheworldinThe1930sMaughamstudiedphilosophyandliteratureatHeidelbergUniversityandtheninLondonhequalifiedasasurgeonatSt.Thomas'sHospital.MaughamservedintheBritishIntelligenceServiceinWorldWarsIandII.In1914hewaspartofaRedCrossunitinFrance,lateractingasasecretagentinGeneva.InPetrogradhewasinvolvedintryingtopreventtheoutbreakoftheRussianRevolution.Let’sPlayBridgeB.GameofBridgeC.YokohamaWithapopulationofoverthreemillionpeople,YokohamaisJapan'ssecondlargestcity.Itislocatedlessthan30minutessouthtoTokyobytrain,andisthecapitalcityofKanagawaPrefecture.D.KobeKobehasservedJapanasanimportantporttownforcenturies.Eventoday,itsportistheheartofthecity.Oneofthefirstportstobeginacceptingforeigntradersin1868followingJapan's2centuriesofisolation,thisvibrantcityof1.5millioninhabitantsisquitemulticultural,withforeignersfrommorethan110differentnationsresidinghere.E.PhotosofJapanesearchitectureMountainFujiABuildinginTokyoF.KimonoKimono

G.JapaneseSumoAswithmanyformsofwrestlingaroundtheworld,therootsofSumoarelostinprehistory.SumoismentionedinsomeoftheearliesttextsinJapan,underitsearliernameSumai,fromthe8thcenturyA.D.However,theseearlyformswouldnotbeSumoasitisknowntoday,asinmanycasesthewrestlinghadrelativelyfewrulesandunarmedfightstothedeathwerestillreferredtoas'Sumo'.

II.Questions&Answers1.Whydidtheauthorsaythatthelonger heknewpeople,themoretheypuzzledhim?

Becauseheheardpeopleoftensaytheirfirstimpressionsofapersonwerealwaysright.2.WhatwasMr.EdwardHydeBurton?

HewasamerchantdoinghisbusinessinJapananddiedinKobeofJapan.3.WhendidtheauthorandMr.Edward

begintoknoweachother?TheykneweachotherwhenMr.Edwardwasaboutsixty.4.WhatdoyouknowaboutMr.Edward’s

family?Hehadaunitedandaffectionatefamilywithanelderlywifeandtwodaughters.5.Whatdoyouknowaboutthetwo Burtons?Oneisanelderlygentleman,whiletheotherisamanofthirty-five.Oroneisamerchant,whiletheotherisaremittanceman.6.WhatwastheSeniorBurton’sreaction whenhelostmoneyatbridgeusually?Hewouldgiveakindlychuckleandstrokedhisshavenchinwithhisthinhand.7.WhydidyoungBurtoncometoMr.Edward’s

officeoneday?Hewantedajobforhislivingbecausehehadlostallhismoneyatcards.8.WhydidLennyBurtonlooseallhismoney?Badluckatcards.9.WhatwasLennyBurton’sphysical

conditionwhenhewasatuniversity?Hewasstrongandagoodswimmer.Heswamfortheuniversity.10.DidMr.Edwardhaveanyjobvacancyfor

Burtonatthemoment?

No,probablynot,thoughMr.Edwardseemedtotrytofindoneforhim.11.HowdidLennyBurtondie?HegotdrownedattheseainJapanwherethecurrentswereverywildandrough.12.Whatdoyouknowaboutthetopicofthis

text---AFriendinNeed?Ittellsusthatsomeonemaywanttorevengesth.heloosesthoughhemightseemtobeagentlemaninappearance.13.DidMr.Edwardreallywanttohelpthe

youngBurton?Probablynot.Why?III.WordStudy1.deceptiveadj.likelytodeceive;

misleadingThenewspaperpromisednottorundeceptiveadsinthefuture.Theplayisanobservationaboutthedeceptivenatureofappearances.deceivev.~sb/onself(intodoingsth.)

Weweredeceivedintobelievingthathecouldhelpus.

1)Hecheatsatcards?

2)Codoingsth.

3)Anyonecaughtcheatingwillbeimmediately

disqualifiedfromtheexam.

4)Shecheatedinthetestbycopyingfromtheboyin

front.

5)Isuspecthecheatsthetaxman(=avoidspaying

taxesbyusingillegalmethods).

cheatv.tobehaveinadishonestwayinordertogetwhatyouwant:2.(all)ofapiece(with)thesameinallparts; thesameassth.elseThestyleofthebookisallofapiece,inbothillustrationsandtext.Theessayshecompletedinthelatterpartofhislifeareofapiecewithhisearlierworks.Hisspeechisallofapiecewithhisdeeds.3.inaccordancewith…

inagreement…orinharmonywith…Studentswillbecriticizedorpunishediftheirbehaviorisnotinaccordancewithschoolregulations.Someyoungpeopleareself-centered,whichisnotinaccordancewithChinesetraditionalvalues.4.instinctn.~(forsth/doingsth);

~(todosth)[u,c]naturalinborntendencytobehaveinacertainwaywithoutreasoningortrainingIt’sthemother’s~toprotectherchildren.Allanimalshavean~forsurvival.2)naturalfeelingthatmakesonechoosetoactinaparticularwayI’mafraidIgavewaytomyworstinstinctsandhithim.用（让步于）最粗鲁的行为5.oddlyenoughusedtosaythatsth. seemsstrangeorsurprisingChildren’sbooks,oddlyenough,continuedtohaveabigplaceinretailsales.Oddlyenough,someofthestudentsdon’tknowhowtologontheInternet.6.shavev.

1)cut(hair)offone’sface,etc.witharazor~sth(offsth/off)IntheQingdynastymen~dthefrontoftheheadandworethehairatthebacktiedinaqueueorpigtail.2)cutorscrapethinslicesfromthesurfaceof…

Useaplanetoshaveoffasmallamountfromthebottomofthedoor.You'llhavetoplanesomemoreoffthebottomofthedoor-it'sstillsticking.7.transparentadj.

1)allowinglighttopassthroughsothatobjectsbehindcanbeseenclearlyaboxwithatransparentlid，Transparentplasticisoftenusedforpackagingfoods,enablingtheconsumertoseetheproductinside.2)aboutwhichtherecanbenodoubtamanoftransparentsincerity,honesty,etc.Tmitv.1)do(sth.illegalorwrong)

~murder,suicide,theft,ablunder,anun-forgive-ableerror,etc.tocommitseveralrapes(强奸)

or

adultery(通奸)

tocommitanoffence

(anillegalact;acrime)It’mit

verb[IorT]-tt-2)topromiseorgiveyourloyalty,timeormoneytoaparticularprinciple,personorplanofaction:

Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.

Oncewehavecommittedtothiscourseofactionthereisnogoingback.

3)commityourselftoexpressanopinionortomakeadecisionthatyoutellpeopleabout:

IthinkIcancomebutIwon'tcommitmyself

(发表意见）tillIknowforsure.

committed

adj.1)loyalandwillingtogiveyourtimeandenergytosomethingthatyoubelievein:

acommittedsocialist有献身精神的acommittedChristian虔诚的acommittedteacher兢兢业业的……

2)[afterverb]havingpromisedtobeinvolvedinaplanofaction:Wearecommittedtowithdrawingourtroopsbytheendoftheyear.

commitmentn.[CorU]

1)willingtogiveyourtimeandenergytosomethingthatyoubelievein,orapromiseorfirmdecisiontodosth.:hercommitmenttoleft-wingpolitics/thecauseoffeminismSheisknownchieflyforhercommitmenttonucleardisarmament.

I‘dliketothankthestaffforhavingshownsuchcommitment.(奉献……)

Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewithabsolutelynocommitmentto

buy.

(承诺)2)[C]somethingthatyoumustdoordealwiththattakesyourtime:family/workcommitments

(……耗神的琐事)I‘vegottoomanycommitmentsatthemomentinordertodoaneveningclass.

Childrenaresuchacommitment.

烦心的人

9.bedrivingat

betryingtosayIhavenoideawhatyou’redrivingat.Theteacherdidn’tmentiontheword“cheating”butIknewwhathewasdrivingat.10.forsb.’s(own)part(thepartof…)

asfarassb.isconcernedFormypartIpreferlivinginthecountryorinalittletown.Someyoungstudents,fortheirpart,canstayuplateplayingcomputergames.11.Definitea.clear;

thatcan’tbedoubtedIwaswanderingroundtheshopwithnoverydefiniteaim.Doctorshavefoundadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandlungcancer.12.Wrinklev.tightentheskinofthefaceinto

linesorfoldsThewomanwasforty,butlookedfifty.Hercheeksweresunkenandherskinwaswrinkledandyellow.Theskinonhercheeksandaroundhereyeswasbeginningtowrinkle.

13.elderlya.(ofpeople)ratherold;pastmiddleage,

ageda.oldingeneralTravelingat97km/h(60mph),anelderlydrivermaymisstheinformationheorsheneedsormayactonthewronginformation.Mostoftheresidentsintheolddistrictaretheelderlyastheiroffspringhavemovedtonewresidentialareas.14.affectionatea.showinggentleloveAnaffectionatehug(含情目目的…)Anaffectionatechild(温情的……)Affectionn.adisplayofaffection(柔情)Affectionatelyadv.“Affectionately,yourbrotherBill”(有亲情的……)15.evidentlyadv.obviously;itappearsthatEvidentlyourlivingconditionsaremuchbetterthanbefore.Hewasevidentlyupsetwhenhelearnedthathefailedinthefinalexamination.16.Milda.(ofpeopleortheirmanner)

gentleandkind;notsevereorharshPeterisamildman,nevergettingangryeasily.Shehasinheritedmyhusband’smildernature,I’mgladtosay.更温和的特性17.Spicen.spicya.[CorU]asubstancemadefromaplant,whichisusedtogiveaspecialflavourtofood:

Cinnamon,gingerandclovesareallspices.

SpicesarewidelyusedinIndiancooking.[SorU]somethingthatmakessomethingelsemoreexcitingandinteresting:

Ascandalortwoaddsalittlespicetoofficelife.兴奋有趣味spicya.exciting,esp.becauseofbeing

Youcanoftenreadspicystoriesaboutfilmstarsinthelocalnewspapers.PeoplefromSichuanprovinceliketoeatspicyfood.sour,sweet,bitter,hot,spicy…

(酸甜苦辣麻)(油盐酱醋茶)18.somethingof:tosomedegree

It’ssomethingofadisadvantagenowadaysifyoucan’tuseacomputer.Theyhaven’tgotaloanfromthebank,whichissomethingofdisappointment.19.Clapv.strike(theinnersurfaceof one’shands)togetherThenoiseofconversationrose,andtheteacherclappedherhandsforsilence.Theaudienceclappedenthusiasticallyasthesingersteppedontothestage.20.Sipv.drink(sth.),takingaverysmallamounteachtime(usedinthepatterns:sipsth.at/fromsth.)Jessicasippedhercoffee,listeningtothemusic.Hesippedattheglassandthenputitdown.Heliftedthewaterbottletohislipsandsipped.21.inaway:toacertainextent

butnotentirelyIagreewithyouinaway,buttherearestillsomeareasonwhichIcan’tseeeyetoeyewithyou.agreewitheachotherIt’seasierformentogetworkinaway.22.with(a)bad/goodgrace:

unwillinglyandrudely/willinglyandhappilyAfterItalkedtohimforanhour,headmittedhismistakewithbadgrace(unwillingly).Mymentoracceptedmyinvitationtodinnerwithgoodgrace(happily).23.strokev.passthehandgentlyover(asurface),

usu.severaltimes,patAtthesightofherhusbandgettingoffthetrain,thewomanwalkedforwardandembracedhimandstrokedhiswhitehair.Ireachedoutandstrokedthebaby’scheektenderly.24.gobroke:havenomoney;

gobankruptManymultinationalcompanieswentbrokeduringthefinancialcrisis,nottospeakofsmallbusinesses.Heinvestedallhismoneyinstocks;unfortunatelyhemadewrongchoicesoneafteranotherandfinallywentbroke.25.Hithertoadv.untilnow;

untilaparticulartimeTheHopeProjectsentmoneytostudentshithertounabletoaffordtheirtuitionfees.Theprintingpressmadebooksavailabletopeoplehithertounabletoaffordthem.Hehashithertoachievedgreatsuccessinhiscareer.26.stickto:refusetoabandonorchange(sth.)Mike,youjusttellthecopswhatyousaw;sticktoyourstory(别改口).Theoldmanstucktojoggingeverymorningalthoughhewaseightyyearsold.26.trimv.defeat;make(sth.)neatorsmooth

bycuttingawayirregularpartsTheyweretrimmedby3goalsto2.Myfriendtrimmedmyhairlastweek.Grassshearsarespeciallymadetotrimgrassgrowinginawkwardplaces.

verylargescissors(大剪刀)27.downandout:havingnomoney, home,

etc.Whenhewasdownandout,noneofhisfriendsgavehimahelpinghand.Shortlyafterhiscompanywasdeclaredbankrupt,themanagerbecamedownandout.贫穷潦倒28.be/go(all)topiecesofaperson:haveabreakdown;losecontrolofoneselfIwasattractedbythestoryofahousewifewhowenttopiecesasonedisasterfollowedanother.(发疯)ShenearlywenttopieceswhensheheardthatherhusbandwasamongthoseburiedintheruinsoftheWorldTradeCenter.29.Insanea.veryfoolishYouwouldbeinsanetorefusetheinvitationtoattendtheconference.Yourplantowalkthroughthedesertonyourownisquiteinsane.30.currentn.continuousflowofwater orairinaparticulardirectionSwimmingagainstthecurrentisenergy-consuming.Undernormalconditions,theoceancurrentsofthetropicalPacifictravelfromeasttowest.Ifeltacurrentofcoolairblowinginmyface.31.betakenaback:

beshockedorsurprisedShewastakenabackwhenamanansweredthephone.IwastakenabackwhenIfoundmycomputerwasgone.32.inbad/goodcondition:

inbad/goodhealthHeisingoodconditionagainafteralongholiday.Inspiteofthesurgeryheisstillinbadcondition.33.turnup:arrive;

makeone’sappearanceHedidn’tturnupuntiltheendoftheexamination.Somestudentsalwaysturnuplateforclass.34.funkv.avoidbecauseoffearTheyweregivenachanceoftakingpartinthespeechcontest,butfunkedit.Hepromisedtoclimbthemountainwithus,buthefunkeditatthelastmoment.35.Constitutionn.conditionofaperson’sbodywithregardtohealth,strength,etc.Aboxermusthaveastrongconstitution(体格).Havingbeenillforseveralyears,hehasaparticularlyfragileconstitution.ThefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesarecalledtheBillofRights.

FreedomofspeechisaconstitutionalguaranteeintheUnitedStates.36.triflen.athing,amatte