中考英语动词专项训练

17/17动词（一）动词的时态基本概念在初中英语中，共有八个时态需要掌握。它们是:theSimplePresent(一般现在时)theSimplePast（一般过去时）theSimpleFuture（一般将来时）thePresentContinuousTense（现在进行时）thePastContinuousTense（过去进行时）thePresentPerfectTense（现在完成时）thePastPerfectTense（过去完成时）thePastFutureTense（过去将来时）实例与用法介绍1．theSimplePresent(一般现在时)一般现在时表示目前的状态以及经常习惯发生的动作。例如：Theearthturnsroundthesun.(宇宙不变的真理)Igetupatsixeverymorning.（经常习惯发生的动作）WeareJuniorThreestudents.（表示目前的状态）2.theSimplePast（一般过去时）一般过去时可以表示过去发生的动作或情况，在句子中往往有明确的表示过去的时间状语。例如：1)Noneofthefootballgameshadbeenmoreexcitingthantheonehewatchedyesterday.(句子中有yesterday这个明确表示过去的时间状语)2)lastnightIgavealectureinthemeetinghall.（lastnight表示过去的时间，所以我们也用一般过去时）一般过去时有时还可以表示过去习惯的动作。例如：Whenhewasinthecountry,helikedtotakeawalkaftersupper.（句中liked表示他过去在农村市常常发生的动作）Iusedtogotoworkbybus.（usedto表示“过去常常”）3．theSimpleFuture（一般将来时）一般将来时即表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常发生的动作。例如：Wearegoingtoenterseniorhighschoolinthenearfuture.（inthenearfuture是一个表示将来的时间状语，所以用一般将来时，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作）TherewillbemoreandmoreforeignersinChina.（本句表示将来经常发生的动作，意为：在中国会有越来越多的外国人）4．thePresentContinuousTense（现在进行时）现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作，句子中往往有now,atpresent,thesedays等做时间状语。例如：1)Wearelearningeighttensesnow.（我们用一般现在进行时，表示目前正在进行的动作）2)Listen!Theyaresingingintheclassroom.（句子中listen表示“听”，说明句中的动作正在进行之中，因此我们用现在进行市）5．thePastContinuousTense（过去进行时）过去进行时表示过去一个时间点或时间段中正在发生的动作。例如：1)Wewerehavingsupperatsixyesterdayevening.（过去某一个时间点atsixyesterdayevening正在发生的动作）2)Theywereplayingvideogamesfrom2p.m.to4p.m.yesterdayafternoon.（过去某一个时间段from2p.m.to4p.m.yesterdayafternoon正在发生的动作）3)WewerehavinganEnglishlessonwhenTomcamein.（当过去某一个动作werehaving正在进行时，另一个动作came发生了）6．thePresentPerfectTense（现在完成时）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，或表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。例如：1)Wehavelearnedabouteighttensessofar.（sofar表示“至今为止”，常用于现在完成时)2)WehavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.（这里的for+时间段表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时）3)Ihavenevermethimsincelastmonth.（这里的since+时间点表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，所以用现在完成时）7．thePastPerfectTense（过去完成时）过去完成时表示在过去某一个时间或动作前已经发生或者完成的动作，而且它常常用在宾语从句中。例如：1)Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadlearned2000Englishwords.（bytheendoflastmonth表示“到上一个周末为止，所以用过去完成时）2)Aftertheboyhadfinishedthehomework,hewatchedTV.（finish这个动作发生在过去某一动作watched之前，所以用过去完成时）8．thePastFutureTense（过去将来时）过去将来时表示对于过去某一个时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，它常用在宾语从句中。例如：1)Hesaidwewouldwinthegamethenextweek.（这句句子里用过去将来时是因为said和thenextweek的关系）练习：Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswiththeverbsintheirproperforms:I_________(finish)myhomeworkwhileyou__________(sleep)thisafternoon.Shesaidshe__________(nodo)itagain.I__________(meet)himlastweekbutI___________(notsee)himsincethen.Johnalways_______(say)thathestill___________(notknow)howtousethePresentPerfectTense.IfPeter__________(e)tomorrow,I___________(tell)himaboutit.Herelderbrother__________(join)thearmytwoyearsago.They___________(learn)severalFrenchsongsbytheendoflastterm.Look!We___________(catch)suchabigfish.Theteachersaidtheearth__________(turn)aroundthesun.Whenyou___________(have)ameeting,I________(buy)somecakesinthenextshop.She__________never_________(be)totheGreatWallbefore.We__________(talk)aboutthedevelopmentoftheInternetonthelecturenextMonday.They___________(learn)thehistoryofChinathesedays.They____________(make)modelshipsfrom3:00to5:00yesterday.You__________(fail)intheexamifyou____________(notwork)hard.Ⅱ.Choosethebestanswers:()1.Ifit_______tomorrow,we_______onatriptoHangzhou.A.rains…won’tgo B.rains….goC.willrain…go D.willrain…won’tgo()2.We_________theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastweek.A.washad B.washeld C.held D.have()3.It_______dark.Let’sgohomenow.A.getting B.isgetting C.get D.issounding()4.Jenny__________overthetextat8:00yesterdayevening.A.read B.reads C.wasreading D.isreading()5.Hetoldmethathe_______toseemenextweek.A.ising B.wille C.came D.woulde()6.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Tom_________thisone.A.broke B.isbreaking C.hadbroke n D.hasbroken()7.DoyouknowwhenMrsGreen__________?Whenshe_________,pleasetellher_________aboutthisletter.A.ising…..wille…type B.es….ising…totypeC.wille….es…totype D.es….wille…..type()8.Theoldman________forthreedayswhenhissongotback.A.hasbeendead B.hadbeendeadC.died D.haddied()9.WhileUncleLi________theclockforus,wewereplayingcards.A.repairedB.repairs C.wasrepairing D.isrepairing()10.Greatchanges________inChinainthepasttenyears.A.havetakenplace B.willtakeplaceC.havebeentakenplace D.tookplace()11.There________afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.has B.willhave C.is D.isgoingtobe()12.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewshe_______thegoodnews.A.had B.hashad C.hadhad D.washaving()13.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buys B.isbuying C.willbuy D.bought()14.HowdoyoulikeBeijin,MrBlack?Oh,I________suchabeautifulcity.A.don’tvisit B.didn’tvisit C.haven’tvisited D.hadn’tvisited()15.TheMP3_______500yuan.A.wascost B.costing C.cost D.iscostKey:Ⅰ.1.finished,weresleeping2.wouldn’tdo 3.met,haven’tseen 4.says,doesn’tknow 5.es,willtell6.joined 7.hadlearned8.havecaught9.turns10.werehaving,bought11.hasbeen12.willtalk 13.arelearning14.weremaking15.willfail,don’tworkⅡ.1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.C8.B9.C10.A11.D12.C13.D14.C15.C动词（二）动词的语态动词的语态有两种，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的用法1．当我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时，常用被动语态。例如：Iwastoldyouwerelatethismorning.ManysciencebooksarewritteninEnglish.Newspapersaredeliveredat8:00everymorning.RecordersareoftenusedinourEnglishclass.2.当动作的承受者是我们说话的中心时，或描绘一个过程或一个实验时，我们常用被动语态。例如：Thedesignofthehotelwasmadebyayoungman.Themilkwillbeputintothecoffeeinafewminutes.二、被动语态的结构被动语态形式be+过去分词一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时willbe+过去分词现在完成时has/have+been+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词过去完成时had+been+过去分词过去将来时would+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词三、如何将主动语态变为被动语态例句：Werunthatnewrestaurant.Thenewrestaurantisrunbyus.1231.变宾语为主语。2．将谓语部分的主动形式改为被动形式。要注意：第一，时态一样；第二，谓语的单数和复数必须和主语一致。3．By+原来的主语，但如果原来的主语是人称代词，则要用其宾格，因为by是介词，后须用宾格。4．注意，有些动词后接的动词不定式作宾语补足语不接to,如：make,see,watch等，当变成被动语态时，应该加上to.例如：IheardhimsingtwoAmericansongs.改为：HewasheardtosingtwoAmericansongs.练习：Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer:()1.Oneortwoman-madesatellites______inourcountryeveryyear.A.havebeensentupB.willbesentupC.issentupD.aresentup()2.OurTVset_____yesterday.A.isrepairedB.wasrepairedC.hadbeenrepairedD.wouldberepaired()3.Anewbuilding_____inourschoolnextyear.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.hasbeenbuilt()4.How_____theGreatPyramid(金字塔)_______manyyearsagowithoutmodernmachines.A.is…builtB.would…bebuiltC.have…beenbuiltD.was…built()5.MrLi,you_____onthephone.A.arewantedB.werewantedC.arebeingwantedD.willbewanted()6.Thismathsproblem_____outbylittleTom.A.canbeeasilyworkB.caneasilybeworkedC.caniseasilyworkedD.caneasilyworked()7.Foodandclothes____bywomen.mt56.AisoftentalkaboutB.areoftentalkedC.areoftentalkedaboutD.oftentalkedabout()8.Thebaby____whenMotherwasout.A.welllookedafterB.waslookedwellC.iswelllookedafterD.waswelllookedafter()9.Inthepasttenyear,alotofnewbuildings_____inourcity..A.areputupB.haveputupC.havebeenputD.havebeenputup()10.Joansaidthewallet____innotime.A.willbehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.hadbeenhandedinD.wouldbehanded()11.Somepeople_________streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.weremadetoclean B.madetocleanC.madeclean D.weremadeclean()12.I_______fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gave B.wasgiving C.hadgiven D.wasgivenⅡ.Fillintheblankswiththeverbsintheirproperforms:English__________inCanada.(speak)Thiskindofcar___________inJapan.(make)Ourroommust____________clean.(keep)-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.It____________.(sell)Anewhouse___________atthecorneroftheroad.(built)Thekey___________onthetablewhenIleave.(leave)Doctors____________ineverypartoftheworld.(need)Hisnewbook______________nextmonth.(publish)Thesepapers______________yet.(notwrite)Why______ameeting______totalkaboutityesterday?(hold)Ⅲ.Rewritethesentencesasrequired:Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.(改为被动语态)Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.2.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.(改为主动语态)We_________________abirthdaypartytomorrow.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.(改为被动语态)Thework____________________________intwodays.Johnwasseentocrossthestreetjustnowbysomeone.(改为主动语态)Someone________John________thestreetjustnow.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal___________________formakingmachines.Mybrotheroftenrepairshiswatch.(改为被动语态)Hiswatch_______________________bymybrother.We’llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishplay_________________________oninourschool.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?(改为被动语态)________thewindow_____________________________yesterday?Wecan’twashthecoatinwater.(改为被动语态)Thecoat___________________________inwater.Iwon’tthrowitawayagain.(改为被动语态)It________________________awayagain.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.(改为被动语态)ColourTVsets_____________________________moreandmorefarmers.Thethiefhasalreadystolenthepursefromthewomanonthebus.(改为被动语态)Thepurse_______already_______________fromthewomanonthebus.Thehighrisehadbeenrebuiltbylastyear.(改为主动语态)Theworkers________________thehighrisebylastyear.Youneedn’tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It___________________________byyounow.LucysentmeaNewYearcardlastweek.(改为被动语态)ANewYearcard_________________________mebyLucylastweekKey:Ⅰ.D.B.D.A.D.B.D.C.D.D.A.DⅡ.1.isspoken2.ismade3.bekept4.hasbeensold5.isbeingbuilt6.willbeleft7.areneeded8.willbepublished9.haven’tbeenwritten10.washeldⅢ.1.wasbuilt2.willgive3.canbefinished 4.saw….cross5.isused6.isoftenrepaired7.willbeput8.Was…brokenbyhim9.can’tbewashed10.won’tbethrown11.areboughtby12.has…beenstolen13.hadrebuilt14.needn’tbedone15.wassentto动词（三）动词不定式动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to+动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一.带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want,ask,tell,hope,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,stop,go,e等。2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即nottodosth.。例如:JimtoldmenottowakeupKate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。二．不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1.在固定词组hadbetter之后。注意:hadbetter的否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.。例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。It'scoldoutside.You'dbetternotgoout.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see,feel,watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:Imadethemgivemethemoneyback.我迫使他们把钱还给我。Ididn'tseeyouein.我没看见你进来。3.在引导疑问句的whynot之后。"Whynot+不带to的不定式"是Whydon'tyoudo…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:Whynotgowithus。为什么不和我们一起去呢。Whynottakeaholiday。=Whydon'tyoutakeaholiday。为什么不休个假呢。三．动词不定式作主语不定式结构作主语时,采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。例如：Ittookustwentyminutestogetthere.Itisourdutytocleantheroomeveryday.四．动词不定式作定语不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.对这个问题我无可奉告。五．动词不定式作宾语有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如:IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很有用。Wethoughtitwrongnottotellher.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。六．动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:1.作动词ask,like,tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。例如:HeaskedmetotalkaboutEnglishstudy.他请我谈谈英语学习。2.作使役动词let,have,make以及感官动词feel,hear,see,watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:Theteachermadehimsaythewordlikethis.老师让他像这样说这个单词。3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:Couldyouhelpme(to)carrytheheavybox。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。七．动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如:Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息。2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:I'msorrytohearthat.听到这事我感到很难过。3.用在too...to...结构中。例如:Heistooyoungtounderstandallthat.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事。八.动词不定式作表语例如：Hisjobistoorganizetheclassmeeting.练习:Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer:()1.Don’tlettheboy______thestreetbyhimself.Heistooyoung.A.cross B.tocross C.crossing D.across()2.Sue’sfathertoldher_________wastefood.A.notto B.don’t C.tonot D.not()3.You’dbetter________latebecauseyou’llhavearest.A.sleep B.tosleep C.nottosleep D.notsleep()4.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren______Englishintheroom.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.arereading()5.Heaskedme________himwithhisEnglishthisevening.A.helped B.tohelp C.helping D.help()6.Theirhouseworkis__________thestreets.A.clean B.cleaned C.cleans D.toclean()7.Didheenjoy________inChina?A.worked B.works C.working D.work()8.Pleasekeepeverything_________.A.tidying B.totidy C.tidy D.tidies()9.IwatchedTV,soIforgot_________myhomework.A.doing B.do C.todo D.did()10.Theysawaboy_________intotheriverwhiletheywerepassingityesterday.A.tofall B.fall C.fell D.falls()11.Youhadbetter_________thebadfood.A.toeat B.eat C.noteat D.nottoeat()12.Ourteacherdidn’tstop___________untileleveno’clocklastnight.A.towork B.work C.working D.works()13.Ittakesushalfanhour___________Englisheveryday.A.read B.toread C.reading D.reads()14.Whenisitsafe___________theroad?A.crossing B.cross C.tocross D.crossed()15.Noisemakesus__________verybad.A.felt B.fell C.feeling D.feel()16.Whatwouldyoulike__________forsupper？A.having B.have C.has D.tohave()17.Jimcame__________mewithmylessons.A.help B.tohelp C.helps D.helping()18.Givemesomewater___________.A.drinking B.drinks C.todrink D.isdrinking()19.Hewaskindenough____________me.A.excusing B.excuse C.excused D.toexcuse()20.Ourworktodayis_________thewholeexercisesonthe5thpage.A.finish B.fin