语法新题型和词汇

Introduction○常用前缀意义前缀例词否定dis-dishonest,dislike,distrustin-,il-,im-,ir-incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularun-unable,unbelievable,unemployment错误mis-mislead,misunderstanding反动作dis-disarm,disconnect,dissatisfyun-unload,uncover,undeniable相互inter-international,interaction,interrelated,interdependent超过super-supernatural,superpower,surpassover-overeat,overdress,overreact,oversleep,overestimateout-outdo,outweigh低于under-Underestimate,undervalue,underdeveloped再一次re-Refresh,reshape,renew共同co-coexist,cooperate转移trans-translate,transportation,transfer,transform使en-enable,enrich,enslave,encourage,enlighten,endanger多multi-multimedia,multifunction,multinational○常用后缀意义后缀例词承受者-eeexaminee,employee,interviewee,trainee,refugee从事者-eremployer,trainer,interpreter使…化-izecentralize,globalize,modernize,civilize…主义-ismheroism,workholism,idealism,socialism,optimism状态-shiphardship,friendship,leadership像…一样-ishchildish,selfish,foolish-likechildlike,homelike充满…的-fuljoyful,painful,helpful无，没有-lessendless,homeless,hopeless,careless,useless能…的-able,-ibledurable,fashionable,accessible,available,flexible使-enshorten,widen,strengthen-fyclassify,purify,simplify,qualifyPresentation（1）-(A)Eventodaythereareagreatmanywrongideasaboutfood.Someofthemareverywidespread.

Onesuchideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.Fishisgoodbrainfood(25)________itisgoodmusclefoodandskinfoodandbonefood.Butnoonehasbeenabletoprovethatfishisany(26)______(good)forthebrainthanmanyotherkindsoffood.

Anothersuchideaisthatyou(27)______notdrinkwaterwithmeals.Washingfooddownwithwaterasasubstitute(28)_______chewingisnotagoodidea,butsomewaterwithmealshasbeenfoundtobehelpful.Itmakesthedigestivejuicesflowmorefreelyandhelpstodigestthefood.

Manyoftheideaswhichscientiststellus(29)______(have)nofoundationhavetodowithmixturesoffoods.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneralthatorangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.Thereasongivenwas(30)_______theacidintheorangejuicewouldmakethemilkcurdle(凝结)andbecomeindigestible.Asamatteroffact,milkalwaysmeetsinthestomachadigestivejuicewhichcurdles(31)______;thecurdlingofthemilkisthefirststepinitsdigestion.Asimilarwrongideaisthatfishandicecreamwhen(32)______(eat)atthesamemealformapoisonouscombination.(B)It’soneofourcommonbeliefsthatmiceareafraidofcats.Scientistshavelongknownthat(33)________amousehasneverseenacatbefore,itisstillabletodetectchemicalsignalsreleasedfromitandrunawayinfear.Thishasalwaysbeenthoughttobesomethingthatishard-wiredintoamouse’sbrain.ButrecentlyWendyIngram,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,(34)_______(challenge)thiscommonsense.Shehasfoundawayto“cure”miceoftheirinbornfearofcatsbyinfectingthemwithaparasite,reportedthesciencejournalNature.Theparasite,calledToxoplasmagondii,mightsoundunfamiliartoyou,butthe(35)_______(shock)factisthatuptoone-thirdofpeoplearoundtheworldareinfectedbyit.Thisparasitecancausedifferentdiseasesamonghumans,(36)_______pregnantwomen–itislinkedtoblindnessandthedeathofunbornbabies.However,theparasite’seffectsonmiceareunique.Ingramandherteammeasuredhowmicereactedtoacat’surine(尿)beforeand(37)______itwasinfectedbytheparasite.Theynotedthatnormalmicestayedfarawayfromtheurine(38)_______micethatwereinfectedwiththeparasitewalkedfreelyaroundthetestarea.Butthat’snotall.Theparasitewasfoundtobemorepowerfulthanoriginally(39)_______(think)–evenafterresearcherscuredthemiceoftheinfection,theynolongerreactedwithfeartoacat’ssmell,whichcouldindicatethattheinfectionhascausedapermanentchangeinmice’sbrains.Whydoesaparasitechangeamouse’sbraininsteadofmakingitsicklikeitdoestohumans?Theanswerliesinevolution.Toxoplasmagondiicanonlyreproduceinsideacat.Sotheparasitehadtodevelopawayoftrickingthemiceintogettingeatenmoreeasily–thus(40)_______(help)itselfgoinsideacat–bytakingawaymice’ssenseofalarm.FocusedPracticeSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Manykindsofmusiccanstirtheimaginationandproducestrongfeeling.Forsomepeople,romanticcomposerssuchasChopinandTchaikovskyenhancefeelingsofloveandsympathy.Religiousandspiritualmusic25helpsomepeoplefeelpeaceorlessentheirpain.Butonemusicianseemstohaveauniqueabilityofhealing(治愈)thehumanbody–WolfgangAmadeusMozart.ScientistshavefoundMozart’smusictoberemarkableinitsability26(calm)itslisteners.Itcanalsoincreasetheirperceptions,andhelpthemexpressthemselvesmoreclearly. ManyamazingcaseshavebeendocumentedusingMozart27ahealingaid.Forexample,atinyprematurebaby28(name)Krissy,whoweighedjust1.5poundsatbirth,wasontotallifesupport.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceofsurvival.HermotherinsistedonplayingMozartforKrissy,andthought29savedherdaughter’slife.Krissylived,30shewasverysmallforherageandslowerthantheaveragechild.Attheageoffour,sheshowedaninterestinmusicandherparentsgaveherviolinlessons.31theirastonishment,Krissywasabletoplaymusicalpiecesfrommemorythatwerefarbeyondtheabilityofanaveragefour-year-old.32(play)musichelpedherimproveinallareasofherlife.(B)Touchisthefirsttoolweturntowhenwefacepain.Wereactsimilarlyto33injuredtoeandabrokenheart,tenderly34(grasp)theaffectedarea.Weareallbornwiththepowertohealourselvesandtohealothersbecausehealingenergydoesnotcomefromwithinbutfromoutsideourselves.Theenergyisthereforanyonetouse,andnoformaltraining35(require).Whenyouhavetheintenttoheal,andloveisyouronlymotive,youbecomeachannelforhealingenergy.Throughthesimpletouchofhands,youcanusethatuniversalhealingenergytocomfortthosewho36(experience)painordistress.

Inperforminghealingenergywork,itisnecessarythatyouletyourintuition(直觉)guideyoutotheaffectedarea.Justimagineahealinglightbeingdrawninthroughthetopofyourheadandflowingthroughyourhands.Theenergywillbegintoflowonceyouhavemadeaphysicalconnection,andyourtouchwillhelpawakenthebody’scapacityforself-healing.Theaffectedareasofthebody,37werepreviouslytenseortight,willrelaxwithenoughhealingenergy.38(try)nottofeellikeyouaren’thelpingifyoudon’tfeeltheflow.Theworkyouaredoingisindeedhelping.Understanding39energyworksislessimportantthanconsciouslymakinguseofit.Performingalovinghealingtreatmentonyourlovedonescanbeawonderfulexperiencethatbringsyouclosertogether.Andasthehealingenergypassesthroughyou,itcanawakenafeelingwithinyouthathelpsyou40(well)understandtheinteractionsbetweenthespiritual,physicalandmentalselves.Presentation（2）○四十个常用合成词合成词词性释义例句bulid-upn.聚集Thebuild-upcarbondioxideeventuallyleadstotheglobalwarming.cost-savingadj.节约成本的DoingbusinessonlineisundoubtedlyefficientandCost-saving.cure-alln.万能的药Somepeopleregardeducationasthecure-allforallthesocialproblem.double-edgedadj.双刃的Fireisadouble-edgedsword,bringingnotonlytohumanwarmth,butalsodisaster.duty-boundadj.责无旁贷的Thegovernmentisduty-boundtoensurepeaceandsecurityforthepeople.easy-goingadj.随和的Sweet-temperedandeasy-goinggirlsarewelcomeeverywhere.eco-friendlyadj.环保的Creatinganeco-friendlysocietyisamatterofgreaturgency.ever-changingadj.常变的Itisthequalityoftheirservicethathasenabledthecompanytostandsteadilyintheever-changingInformationAge.ever-lastingadj.永恒的Whatisknowledge?Thisisanancientandever-lastingtopic.far-reachingadj.深远的Theinventionofelectroniccomputershasafar-changingeffectonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.far-seeingadj.有远见的Thefar-seeingpolicywillbringendlessbenefittofuturegenerations.fast-pacedadj.快节奏的Inthefast-pacedworldoftoday,itcanbedifficulttomakenewfriends.first-classadj.一流的Tobeafirst-classscientist,oneshouldneverlosehopeinsetbacks.good-for-nothingn.无用的人Theirlittlesonbecameagood-for-nothingduetotheiroverprotection.hard-wonadj.来之不易的Peopleinthatregioncherishthehard-wonindependence.history-makingadj.创造历史的Thatwasahistory-makingdiscoveryinmedicalhistory.ill-manneredadj.无礼的TheEnglishmanthinksitisill-manneredtoaskpersonalquestions.labor-savingadj.节省体力的Notallinventionsarelabor-savingmachineslikethecomputers.noble-mindedadj.品格高尚的Yournoble—mindedspiritisshownbyyourblooddonation.on-goingadj.正在进行的Theon-goingsocialchangehasmuchtodowiththedevelopmentofscience.poverty-strikenadj.贫穷的Manypeoplecomplainthatthehightuitionfeeactuallykeepspoverty-strickenstudentsawayfromthecollegeblem-solvingadj.解决问题的Veryfewofushavehadtrainingonproblem-solvingtechniques.self-centeredadj.自私的Trytoavoidbeingself-centeredintheworkplace.self-cultivationadj.自我修养Self-cultivationcarriesmoreweightcomparedwithgoodappearance,simplybecauseitisever-lasting.self-evidentadj.不言而喻的Itisself-evidentthattheeducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.self-interestadj.私利Itwasself-interestthatfinallydestroyedhiswholelife.self-motivatedadj.自我激励的Themostsuccessfulstudentsareself-motivatedandsettheirowngoals.self-reliancen.自力更生Self-relianceisthebasicculturalvalueoftheAmericanfamily.self-respectn.自尊Withself-respect,youwillseeyourselffortheunique,specialandwonderfulbeingthatyouare.so-calledadj.所谓的Theso-calledexpertturnedouttobearesearchstudents.time-honoredadj.历史悠久的Time-honoredandtraditionaltheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantholidayinChina.time-consumingadj.耗费时间的Takingcareofthisbeautifulgardeniscertainlytime-consuming,butitisalsoworthwhile.user-friendlyadj.容易使用的Theyaretryingtobuildupauser-friendlyandreliabletaxibookingsystem.well-balancedadj.均衡的Themostsuccessfulweight-lossplansincludeawell-balanceddietandexercises.well-beingn.幸福；健康Musichasthepowertodelightthelistenerandimprovehissenseofwell-being.well-informedadj.消息灵通的Tobewell-informed,weshouldformthehabitofreadingnewspapersandmagazines.well-organizedadj.有序的Ifthecontentofthewebpageiswell-organized,itwillbemucheasierforuserstogetinformation.well-roundedadj.全面的Weareexpectedtobecomewell-roundedgraduatesbytryinglotsofdifferentthings.whole-heartedadj.全心全意的LearningEnglishinvolvesalotofhardshipandthereforerequireswhole-heartedcommitment.win-winadj.双赢的Therelationsbetweenthesidescanbeawin-windescribedasasituation.○五十组常用同义词普通词汇词性释义同义词汇advantagen．优势merit,strength,strongpoint,benefitagen．年代era,times,periodaimn．目标goal,purpose,end,target,objectivedifficultyn．困难obstacle,setback,hardshipdisadvantagen．劣势drawback,weakness,weakpoint,shortcoming,limitationeffectn．作用influence,impact,function,rolefearn．害怕alarm,fright,panic,terror,horror,dreadmethodn．方法approach,means,techniquethingn.事情issue,case,affair,event,incident,business,matterworryn．担忧concern,anxietydecreasen./v.下降fall,drop,decline,shrinkincreasen./v.增加/上升risecausev．导致resultin,giveriseto,bringabout,leadtodealwithv．处理copewith,handle,tackle,addressdevelopv．培养cultivate,train,educate,fostergetv．得到acquire,attain,achieve,obtain,gaingiveupv．放弃quit,abandon,giveinhappenv.发生occur,takeplace,comeintoexistence/being，comeabout,hatev.恨dislike,befedupwith,beboredwithimprovev.进步enhance,advance,makeprogress,changeforthebetterlovev.喜欢prefer,becrazyabout,befondof,befascinatedby,bekeenonneedv.需要require,demand,callforopposev.反对beagainst,objectto,disapproveofpayattentiontov.重视focuson,attachimportanceto,emphasize,lay/placestresson,recognizethevalueofprotectv.保护guard,defend,preserve,conserverealizev.意识到beawareof,beconsciousofremovev.消除getridof,wipeouteliminate,doawaywithshowv.表明indicate,reveal,suggest,display,demonstrate,illustrate,depict,represent,presentsupportv.支持befor,backup,onthesideof,infavorof,approveofthinkv.想assume,maintain,suppose,insist,consider,regardbadadj.坏的awful,terrible,unsatisfactory,harmful,inferior,negative,illbeautifuladj.美丽的charming,gorgeous,sweet,adorable,eye-catching,breath-takingdangerousadj.危险的insecure,risky,unsafe,threatening,poseathreattodifficultadj.困难的hard,tricky,complicated,complex,confusing,puzzlinggoodadj.好的outstanding,fantastic,amazing,fabulous,unbelievable,incredible,spectacular,marvelous,remarkable,superior,positivehelpfuladj.有帮助的beneficial,profitable,rewarding,advantageousimportantadj.重要的significant,essential,major,carrymuchweight,key,leading,vital,critical,crucial,primary,profoundlastingadj.永久的eternal,perpetualmanyadj.许多numerous,countless,avastnumberof,manyagreatmanymassesofmuchadj.许多awealthof,plentyofproperadj.合适的logical,reasonable,sound,appropriate,practicalalwaysadv.常常frequently,regularly,constantly,atalltimesgraduallyadv.平稳地steadily,smoothly,slightly,moderately,mildlyquicklyadv.很快地rapidly,swiftly,atanamazingraterarelyadv.偶然accidentally,bychance,byaccident,bycoincidencesharplyadv.急剧地dramatically,enormously,steeply,considerably,significantly,markedly,noticeablythusadv.因此therefore,consequently,accordingly,asaresultveryadv.很extremely,deeply,greatly,highly,uncommonly,unusuallyaboutprep.关于concerning,regarding,asto,asfor,withregardto,whenitcomestoaroundprep.大约about,approximately,roughly○一百个高分词组高分词组释义高分词组释义高分词组释义aboveall最重要的是beaddictedto上瘾bearinmind记住accountfor解释，占据bealertto警惕believein相信actas担当beappliedto应用于belongto属于adaptto适应beassociatedwith联系bringabout导致addto增加beavailableto（可）得到butfor要不是afterall毕竟beawareof意识到byallmeans尽一切办法atallcosts不惜一切代价beboundto必定byandby逐渐地atanyrate无论如何becapableof有能力做byandlarge总体上atlarge大体上bedyingfor渴望bevitalto对……至关重要atrisk处于危险中beinvolvedin参与，涉及besuperiorto优于attheexpenseof以……为代价beresponsiblefor为……负责inessence本质上attachimportanceto重视gainanadvantageover和……比有优势infavorof支持callfor需要giveandtake互相迁就Intermsof在……方面copewith处理givepriorityto优先做inthecaseof就……而言countfornothing毫无价值giveriseto导致inthelongrun从长远来看deprive…of…剥夺havealottodowith和……密切相关inthissense在此意义上devote…to…奉献haveaccessto能得到invain徒劳地dueto由于headfor走向inviewof鉴于expose…to…使接触huntfor寻找makeadifference有影响forlackof由于缺乏keepabalancebetween保持平衡makecontritionto做贡献forthesakeof为了keeppacewith并驾齐驱makethemostof充分利用layasolidfoundationfor为……打下扎实的基础onaregularbasis定期onreflection反思laystresson重视onaccountof由于orelse否则lendahelpinghand帮助onone’spart就……来说originatefrom来自于liein存在于outofquestion没问题outofthequestion不可能liveupto达到outlookonlife人生观serveto起……作用poseathreatto对……构成威胁regardlessof不管sideeffect副作用placehopeon寄希望于respondto对……做出反应springup涌现prosandcons利弊runoutof耗尽thanksto多亏prejudiceagainst对……的歧视strivefor努力争取takepridein以……为骄傲shouldertheresponsibilityto肩负……的责任sufferfrom遭受tosomeextent某种程度上take…forgranted认为……是理所当然takegreatpainstodo极力去做trialanderror反复试验turnablindeyeto熟视无睹turnadeafearto充耳不闻ultimategoal终极目标widenone’shorizon拓宽视野workon致力于FocusedPracticeSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.(**友情提示：本题共十个空，请按题号填涂)A.frownedB.negativeC.nationalD.appreciationE.effectiveF.tendencyG.approachH.rankedI.enhancedJ.unpopularK(=ABD).namedWhatarethethingsthatfirstcometoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?Aretheynonstoprain,politemanners,boringfoodandteadrinking?

SomeoftheUK’s(41)_______stereotypesaretrue,anewsurveyhasfound.Forexample,Britishpeopledohavea(an)(42)______todrinklotsoftea.

Theresearchpolled1,402foreignerslivingintheUKontheiropinionsabouttheBritishwayoflife.Unsurprisingly,themajorityofthem,almost70percent,saidtheyenjoyedlivinginthecountry–goodmanners,especiallyUKpeople’sextraordinaryabilitytoqueue,arethemainreasonsforforeigners’(43)______.Morethanone-thirdsaidtheylikedBritishpeople’srestrained(44)______toemotion.

However,thereareaspectsofBritishculturethatare(45)______upon.Theheavyalcoholdrinkingculture(46)______astheleastfavoritetrait,followedbytheBritishsenseofhumorandthecountry’sbadweather.

Itmaynotbetoohardtounderstandwhyheavydrinkingandbadweatherare(47)______,butwhat’swrongwiththeBritishsenseofhumor?

Britishhumorisknownforbeingdryandsatirical(讽刺的),soitisgenerallymore(48)______.WhenitcomestomakingtheBritishlaugh,thereisnothingmore(49)______thanasociallyinappropriatejoke,notedtheBBC.“Britonsaremorecomfortablewithlife’slosers,”wroteEnglishactorRickyGervaisinanarticlepublishedinTimemagazine.

“ThemajorityofnationalitieshavestereotypesfittedaroundthemandBritonsdon’tescapethis,”saidLiamClifford,thefounderofGlobalVisas,thewebsitethatconductedtheresearch.“Peopleprobablycomeherewithastereotype-basedpreconceptionofwhattoexpect.It’sgoodtoseefromoursurvey,though,that,inthemajorityofcases,thisreputationisactually(50)______uponlivinghere.”III.ReadingComprehension（47%）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Coffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature'sgreatestgifts.Itgivesmentalandemotional(51)______withoutharmfulsideeffects,(likealcoholortobacco),anditcontainsawealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthebeverageis(52)______theirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,(53)______theybelievecoffeeisn'tgoodforyouatall.Well,here'sthetruthofthematter.Coffee,likeanythingelse,cancauseproblemsiftoomuchis(54)______.Intheshort-term,toomuchcoffeewillcauseinsomnia,nauseaandhypertension.Inthelong-term,toomuchcoffeewillcausestomachproblems,teethstaining,andhighcholesterol.Asforthebenefits,moderateconsumptionofcoffee,(whichmeans1to4cupsaday),suppliesyourbodywithawealthofantioxidants.Thesesubstancesare(55)______foreliminatingfreeradicals(自由基).Theyarethechemicalbyproductsproducedanytimeyourbodydoessomething.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserveasabufferagainstnegativeelements,butiftheyaren'tkeptincheck,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidants(56)______thatthisdoesn'thappen.Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbe(57)______either.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumore(58)______,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeeling(59)______oroverwhelmed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyourperspective.Thestackofworkthatseemed(60)______beforeisn'tevenaproblemnow.(61)______,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody'sfunctioning.That'swhycoffeeisoften(62)______withwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugs(63)______tomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegethighoffofcrackorwhentheygetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywon'tbefunctionalatall.Butwithcoffee,anindividualgetsacreativeboostwhilestillhelpingtheirbodies.Inconclusion,don'tfeelbadwhenyou'rebrewingyourmorningcupofcoffee.(64)_______acanofsodaorashotofalcohol,coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumethebeverage(65)______.51.A.reaction B.clarity C.freedom D.challenge52.A.improving B.damaging C.adjusting D.stimulating53.A.though B.so C.while D.since54.A.purchased B.cherished C.taken D.promoted55.A.suitable B.responsible C.convenient D.famous56.A.ensure B.assume C.threaten D.indicate57.A.ignored B.achieved C.measured D.abandoned58.A.attractive B.attentive C.alert D.approachable59.A.incompetent B.guilty C.depressed D.embarrassed60.A.doubtful B.unknown C.impossible D.improper61.A.Bycontrast B.Inaddition C.Forexample D.Inbrief62.A.popular B.compared C.familiar D.associated63.A.mean B.tend C.suppose D.expect64.A.Despite B.Without C.Apartfrom D.Unlike65.A.atwill B.atrandom C.inparticular D.inmoderationHomeAssignmentSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.procedureB.originalC.occasionsD.inheritedE.characteristicsF.rootedG.singleH.involvesI.occurringJ.identifyingK.separateGenesarefoundineveryplantoranimalcell.Theyarethebasicunitsoflifethatarecapableofpassingspecific41fromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,whetheryouaretallorshortdependsuponthegenesthatyou42fromyourparents.Cloningplantsoranimalsisaprocessthat43theproductionofaneworganismthatisgeneticallyidenticaltotheorganismfromwhichcellsweretaken.Althoughthis44hasarousedgreatinterestaroundtheworldoverthelasttenyearsorso,cloningisnotsomethingnewinnature.Mostmothersgivebirthtojustonechildatatime;however,onrare45amothermaygivebirthtoasetoftwins.Ifthesetwochildrenareidenticaltwins,thentheyareinfactnaturally46clonesofeachother,althoughnotoftheparents.Thereasonforthembeingclonesisthatthetwochildrenoriginatedfromone47eggandconsequentlytheyaregeneticallyidentical.Twinsthatdevelopfromtwo48eggsarenotclonesofeachother. Cloningalsooccursnaturallyinplants.Strawberryplantsreproducethemselvesbysendingoutrunners,ormodifiedstems,andtheserunnerstakerootashortdistancefromthe49plantandstarttogrow,andtoproducefruit.Intime,thisplantsendsoutrunnersofitsownthatalsotakeroot.Thisisknownasasexualreproduction;inotherwords,reproductionthatdoesnotinvolvethefusion(融合)ofmaleandfemalecells.Thenewly50plantsareclonesoftheoriginal.Inadditiontostrawberryplants,certaintypesofflowersandgrassesreproducethemselvesinthesameway.Throughouthistory,peoplehavealsofacilitatedcloningbytakingsmallcuttingsfromplantsandthengrowingthemintonewplants.Thisformofcloningiscalledvegetativepropagation.III.ReadingComprehension（47分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.RobertFrank,aneconomistatCornell,believesthathisprofessionisrestrictingcooperationandgenerosity.IntheU.S.,economicsprofessorsgive__51__moneytocharitythanprofessorsinotherfields.EconomicsstudentsinGermanyaremorelikelythanthosefromothermajorstorecommendanoverpricedplumber(水管工)whentheyare__52__todoit.Economicsmajorstendtorate__53__as“generallygood,”