语法小小册子

优越教育中心音标&语法提高班一切为了孩子，为了孩子的一切一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时形容词和副词的比较级和最高级第24课时：一般现在时讲解一般现在时基本用法介绍：（1）、经常性、习惯性的动作，如：Igetupatsixeveryday.（2）、现在的特征或状态，主要是含有be动词的。如：Heistwelve.Kateisintheroom.、普遍真理，如：Themoonmovesroundtheearth.（4）、在包含时间或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句谓语用一般现在时，主将从现。如：Iwon’tgothereifitrainstomorrow.、表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力，如：IlikeEnglish.Shelikesapples./WecanspeakChinese.2、一般现在时关键词和标志词，即看到句子中有以下的关键词和标志词时就要马上想到用一般现在时时态（不是百分之一百的情况，只是在一般的情况下）。3、一般现在时的动词形式有三种：be动词、动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式。一般现在时态中动词有三种变化形式，分别是：（1）、主语是非第三人称单数的用动词原形（2）、主语是第三人称单数的用动词的第三人称单数形式。（3）、主语是I用am，是她/他/它用is，主语是你或复数用are 4、一般来说，主语当做第三人称单数形式有以下几种情况：

（1）、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。如：①

HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。②

Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。

③

Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。（2）、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：

①HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

②BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。

③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。（3）、单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：

①Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。

②Thisbookisyours.这本书是你的。

③Thatcarisred.那辆小汽车是红色的。

④ThecatisLucy's.这只猫是露茜的。

（4）、不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：

①Everyoneishere.大家到齐了。

②Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.这块手表有毛病。

③Thisisapen.这是一支钢笔。

④Thatisaneraser.那是一块橡皮擦。（5）、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：

①Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。（6）、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：

①"6"isaluckynumber."6"是个吉利数字。②"I"isaletter."I"是个字母。5、动词的第三人称单数形式的构成（1）、一般直接在词尾加s，如：work-workslive-livesmake-makes（2）、以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的单词加es,如：miss-missesfix-fixesfinish-finishesteach-teaches（3）、以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，变y为i加es,如：fly-flies（4）、以辅音字母加o结尾的单词，加es如:go-goesdo-does（5）、还有一个特殊的就是have变成has喔.6、特别讲解：一般疑问句中三单形式表现在do和does的转换，若主语为上述的he/she/it和单数名词就要用does，若是I或者you就要用do。练习1、用do或does填空。（1）、______yoursisterlikePE?No,she______not.（2）、How______Lindagotoschool?She___toschoolonfoot.（3）、He______notspeakEnglish.HespeaksChinese.（4）、________youknowthatgirl?Yes,sheismysister.（5）、________yourfatherhaveCDs?No,he_____________.2、写出下列动词单三形式

drink________go_______stay________make________brush_______pass_______carry_______have_________teach_______look_______come_________study_______plant______watch______fly________do__________wash________finish_____guess_____snow_________carry________课后作业：用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.3.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.4.______they________(like)theWorldCup5.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays6._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.9.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.10.Mike_______(like)cooking.11.They_______(have)thesamehobby.12.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.13.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.

14.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.15.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.16.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.17.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.Mike’ssister________(cook)nicefood.I_______(like)eatingitverymuch.20._______(do)yourfather_______(watch)TVintheevening？No,he_______(not).21.Tomusually_______(play)footballafterschool22.He_______(live)inasmalltownnearNanjing.23.Ilike_______(cook)and_______(grow)flowers.24.I_____(go)toschoolbybus,andhe_____(go)toschoolbybike.25.Who_______(sing)beautifullyinyourclass第25课时：现在进行时讲解1、现在进行时的用法（1）用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作，例如：Motheriscookinginthekitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。Whatareyoulookingat?你在看什么？（2）用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定在进行），例如：Isshewritinganovel?她正在写一本小说吗？（3）用来表示即将发生的动作，一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有：go,come,leave,start,arrive等。例如:I’mgoinghomeinhalfanhour.我一个半小时内要回家。Thetrainisarrivingsoon.火车很快就要到达了。2、构成与标志词。构成：由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成标志性词语：(1)、现在进行时.通常用“now”.e．g:Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.（2）、现在进行时.通常用“look”.e．g:Look!Mymotherisrunning!!!（3）、现在进行时.通常用“listen”.e．g:Listen!Theyarereading.（4）、现在进行时.通常用“atthe(this)moment”e．g:Atthe(this)moment,heisonlyweeping.3、动词现在分词的构成规则（1）、一般情况下直接加ingthink---thinkingsleep---sleepingstudy---studyingspeak---speakingsay---sayingcarry---carryingwake---waking（2）、以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ingcome---comingmake---makingleave---leavinghave---havingtake---taking（3）、以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingstop---stoppingsit---sittingrun---runningforget---forgettingbegin---beginning这类词还有：bigin，cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,等。（4）、以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ingdie---dyinglie---lying现在进行时的句型变化（1）、肯定式结构：主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：Wearerunningnow.（2）、否定式结构：主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：Theyaren’tdoingtheirhomework.（3）、一般疑问句式结构：Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他？例如：IsshehavingEnglishlesson?回答：肯定Yes,sheis.否定:No,sheisn’t.（4）、特殊疑问句式结构：疑问词+be+主语+其他？例如:Whatishedoingnow?回答：Heisswimming.练习写出下列动词的现在分词形式wash_________match_______guess______study______finish_________go________snow______carry_________stop______see________drive________let_______carry______keep_____join______find_______think________teach______catch______stay_______begin______forget_______lie________die_______run_______prefer______give________ring_______dance______hope_______课后作业：

选择题

1.Who_____overtherenow?

A.singing

B.aresing

C.issinging

D.sing

2.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents_____anEnglishclass.

A.have

B.having

C.ishavingD.arehaving

3.Listen!Thebaby_____inthenextroom.

A.crying

B.cried

C.iscrying

D.cries

4.Look!Thetwins_____newsweaters.

A.arewearing

B.wearing

C.arewearD.iswearing

5.Don’ttalkhere.Grandparents_____.A.issleeping

B.aresleeping

C.sleeping

D.sleep

6.Tomisaworker.He____inafactory.Hissisters_____inahospital.A.work/work

B.works/work

C.work/works

7.Who_____Englishbestinyourclass?

A.speak

B.speaks

C.speaking

8.Mrs.Read_____thewindowseveryday.

A.iscleaning

B.clean

C.cleans

9.We_____musicandoften_____tomusic.

A.like/listen

B.likes/listens

C.like/arelistening

10.She_____upatsixinthemorning.

A.get

B.gets

C.getting

11.OnSundayshesometimes_____hisclothesandsometimes_____someshopping.A.wash/do

B.iswashing/isdoing

C.washes/does

12.Thetwinsusually_____milkandbreadforbreakfast,butJim_____somecoffeeforit.

A.have/have

B.have/has

C.has/have第26课时：一般将来时讲解1、一般将来时的定义:表示将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作.2、一般将来时的标志词:tomorrow(明天),thedayaftertomorrow(后天)nextyear(明年)nextmonth(下一个月)nextweek(下一个星期)3、.一般将来时的构成:（1）、主语+be(am,is,are)goingto+动词原形+......例如:(1).Iamgoingtoplayfootballtomorrow.明天我将要踢足球.(2).Sheisgoingtowatchamoviethedayaftertomorrow.后天她要看一场电影.（2）、主语+will/shall+动词原形+.....*****说明:(1).will/shall有时可以和begoingto互换;(2).will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I,we.(3).will和shall的后面接动词原形)例如:(1).Ishall/willgotoBeijingnextmonth.(Iwill=I'll)下个月我将要去北京.(2).Youwillcometoseemetomorrow.(youwill=you'll)明天你将要来看我.(3).ShewillreadEnglishtomorrowmorning.(Shewill=She'll)明天早上她将要读英语。练习：用所给动词的一般将来时填空。

1.I______（leave）inaminute.I______（finish）allmyworkbeforeI______（leave）.

2.—Howlong_____you_____（study）inourcountry?

—I_____（plan）tobehereforaboutonemoreyear.

—I_____（hope）tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.

—What______you______（do）afteryou______（leave）here?

—I______（return）homeand______（get）ajob.

3.I______（be）tired.I______（go）tobedearlytonight.

4.Mary’sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.

5.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.

6.—_____you_____（be）herethisSaturday?

—No.I______（visit）myteacher.

7.—______I______（get）youacopyoftoday’snewspaper?

—Thankyou.

8.Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican’tjoinyou.

9.Mike______（believe,not）thisuntilhe______（see）itwithhisowneyes.

10.Mostofusdon’tthinktheirteam______（win）.

课后作业：单项选择题。

1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.

A.willbegoingto

B.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobe

D.willgotobe

2.Charlie________herenextmonth.

A.isn’tworking

B.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworking

D.won’twork

3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.

A.willbe;is

B.is;is

C.willbe;willbe

D.is;willbe

4.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.

A.was

B.isgoingtohaveC.willhave

D.isgoingtobe

5.–________you________freetomorrow?

–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.

A.Are;goingto;will

B.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbe

D.Are;goingtobe;willbe

6.Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.

A.willgives

B.willgive

C.gives

D.give

7.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?

–________.（不，不要。）

A.No,youwon’t

B.No,youaren’t.C.No,pleasedon’t

D.No,please.8.–Whereisthemorningpaper?

–I________ifforyouatonce.

A.get

B.amgetting

C.toget

D.willget

9.________aconcertnextSaturday?

A.Therewillbe

B.WilltherebeC.Therecanbe

D.Thereare

10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting.

A.have

B.willhaveC.had

D.wouldhave

11.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.

A.gives

B.gave

C.willgiving

D.isgoingtogiving

12.He________tousassoonashegetsthere.

A.writes

B.haswrittenC.willwrite

D.wrote

13.He________inthreedays.

A.comingback

B.camebackC.willcomeback

D.isgoingtocomingback

14.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.

A.isn’train

B.won’train

C.doesn’train

D.doesn’tfine

15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?

–No,________（不去）.

A.theywilln’t

B.theywon’t.

C.theyaren’t

D.theydon’t.

第27课时：一般过去时讲解一般过去时的用法：（1）、一般过去时表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态（2）、在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。2、找一般过去时的标志性词语：Yesterday，lastweek，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastmonth，lastyear，lastnight3、巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；疑问句子也不难，did放在主语前；

（不含be动词时）如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。

（含be动词时）疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。4、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌握动词be的一般过去时。

be的过去时有四巧：

一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；

二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；

三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟was／were；

四是疑问句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。动词过去式的变化规则：规则变化：（1）、直接加ede.g：workworked（2）、以不发音的e结尾的在单词末尾加de.g：livelived（3）、以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ede.g：studystuied（4）、以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母再加ede.g：stopstopped不规则变化:e.g：cutcutreadreadsitsatrunran练习：1、写出下列动词的过去式tell

break

build

catch

begin

draw

eatcomebuycutreadputthinkgogetgivekeepknow2、单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(

)1．Myfather＿＿＿＿＿＿illyesterday．

A．isn't

B．aren't

C．wasn't

D．weren't(

)2．＿＿＿＿＿＿yourparentsathomelastweek﹖

A．Is

B．Was

C．Are

D．Were(

)3．The

twins＿＿＿＿＿＿inDalian

lastyear．They＿＿＿＿＿＿herenow．

A．are;were

B．were;are

C．was;are

D．were;was(

)4．＿＿＿＿＿＿yourfatheratworktheday＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖

A．Was;before

B．Is;before

C．Was;after

D．Is;after

(

)5．—WhowasondutylastFriday﹖

—＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A．Iam

B．Iwas

C．Yes,Iwas

D．No,Iwasn't(

)6.

Icleanedmyclassroom___________.

A

withthreehours

B

threehoursago

C

inthreehours

D

threehoursbefore(

)7.Icame_______myhousetwodaysago.

A

backon

B

backto

C

toback

D

back(

)8.

___________?

Hedidsomereadingathome.

AWhatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayevening

B

Whatdoesyourbrotherdointheschool

CWhatdidyourbrotherdoovertheweekend

D

WheredidyourbrothergolastSunday(

)9.Whatdidyoudo________?Iwenttothemovies.

Anextmorning

Bovertheweekend

C

intheweekend

DnextMonday(

)10.

Thekoalasleeps_______，butgetsup_________.

A

duringtheday;attheevening

B

atday;duringnight

C

intheday;duringtheevening

D

duringtheday;atnight课后作业：请用动词的正确形式天空。1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?

No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?

He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.

She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.6.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No，she__________.第28课时：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级讲解1、形容词的比较级用法:用于两者及之间的人或事物的比较。1）A+形容词比较级+than+BSusanishappierthanJane.Hisbrotherisyoungerthanme.BeijingismorebeautifulthanOsaka.形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle，far,alot,abit,muchmore来修饰。very,so,too,quite不能修饰比较级。2）数字+形容词比较级+thanI’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.Sheisaheadtallerthanme.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Chinabecomesmoreandmorestronger.4）the+比较级，the+比较级结构，表示“越……就越……”ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.5）which/who+is+比较级Whichcityisbigger,BeijingorTianjin?Whoishappier,youorme?2、形容词的最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.Mostpeoplelikeapples.Mostoftheboysaregood.Itisournearestneighborinspace.2）最高级意义的表达方法:例句最高级Sheisthebestinherclass.比较级Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.原级Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.3、副词比较级和最高级的用法：（1）、原级主要的句型：①as+副词原级+asTomrunsasfastasJones.notas/so+副词原级+asHedidn’tcomeas/soearlyasLiLei.②too+副词原级+todosth.Jeanridestooslowlytocatchupwithme.③so+副词原级+thatJeanridessoslowlythatshecan’tcatchupwithme.④副词原级+enoughtodosth.Jeandoesn’tridefastenoughtocatchupwithme.（2）、比较级的用法：①比较级+than。当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。LilyrunfasterthanMary(did).②比较级+and+比较级Thedaysaregettinglongerandlongerinsummer.③themore…themore…Theharderyouwork,thebetteryouwilllearn.（3）、最高级的用法：副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。Heworks(the)hardestofallthestudentsintheclass.4、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成：（1）、单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：规则原级比较级最高级1.在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是e，只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/esthappyhappierhappiest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/estthinthinnerthinnest（2）、其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/mostbeautiful—morebeautiful—(the)mostbeautiful（3）、由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词（除early外）,都是在该词前加-more/most.quickly—morequickly—(the)mostquicklydifficultly—moredifficultly—(the)mostdifficultly（4）、不规则变化:good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest练习：词形变换。比较级最高级large____________________________________fast____________________________________easy____________________________________wet____________________________________good____________________________________important____________________________________well_____________________________________bad____________________________________many____________________________________little____________________________________far____________________________________strong____________________________________patient____________________________________safe____________________________________expensive____________________________________课后作业：单选。1.Johnismyfriendofalltheclassmates.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.E-mailingismuchthanlong-distancecalling.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest3.BeijingisoneofcitiesinChina.A.verybeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.morebeautifulD.themostbeautiful4.TheYellowRiverisn’tsoastheChangjiangRiver.A.longB.longestC.longerD.thelongest5.ThecoatIboughtlastweekistoobigforme.I’dliketochangeitforaone.A.smallB.largerC.nicerD.smaller6.Whoisthe,Jim,LiLeiorLingFeng?A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.muchtaller7.Ofallthestudents,WuDongruns.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.mostfast8.Hehasgrowntotakecareofhimself.A.tallenoughB.enoughtallC.oldenoughD.enoughold9.Tomdrawsbetterthanhisbrother.A.moreB.mostC.manyD.much10.Whodoeshomeworkinyourclass?A.carefullyB.mostcarefullyC.morecarefullyD.ascarefullyas英语动词不规则变化表★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—let

put—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个