2018届上海各区高三英语一模-summary汇编

【2018宝山区—一模】IV.SummaryWritingSecurepaymentwithoutleavingatraceComputerscientistAndyRupp,memberofthe“SignalingCodeandSecurity”workinggroup,isalwayssurprisedaboutlackingproblemawareness:onlyfewusersareawareofthefactthatbyusingpaymentsystemstheydiscloseindetailhowandwhattheyconsumeorwhichroutestheyhavetaken.Topreventcontroloftheaccountsbydishonestusers,customerdataandaccountbalancesofpaymentareusuallycarriedoutwiththehelpofacentraldatabase.Ineverypaymentdeal,thecustomerisidentifiedandthedetailsofher/hisdealaretransmittedtothecentraldatabase.Thisrepeatedidentificationprocessproducesadatatracethatmightbemisusedbytheproviderorthirdparties.Theexperthasnowpresentedthebasicsofan“electronicpurse”thatworksbyunknownnames,butpreventsmisuseatthesametime.The“black-boxadditionplus”(BBA+)codesystemdevelopedbythemtransfersallnecessaryaccountdatatothecardusedorthesmartphoneandguaranteestheirsecretswiththehelpofsignalingcodemethods.Atthesametime,BBA+offerssecurityguaranteesfortheoperatorofthepaymentsystem:Thecodesystemguaranteesacorrectaccountbalanceandismathematicallyconstructedsuchthattheidentityoftheuserisdisclosedassoonastheattemptismadetopaywithacontrolledaccount.“Ournewcodesystemguaranteesprivacyandsecurityforcustomersduringofflineoperationaswell,”AndyRuppsays.“Thisisneededforensuringthepaymentsystem’ssuitabilityfordailyuse.Thinkofasubwaydoorwayorapaymentbridge.Thereyoumayhavenointernetconnectionatalloritisveryslow.”Alsoitshighefficiencymakesthecodesystemsuitedforeverydayuse:Duringfirsttestruns,researcherscompletedpaymentswithinaboutonesecond.①whencustomersusepaymentsystems,mostofthemdon’trealizethefactthatbydoingso,theyrisk(taketheriskof)losingprivacy.②ResearchershavenowdevelopedasecuresystemcalledBBA+,whichworksanonymouslyandavoidsmisusesaswell.③moreover(apartfrom/besidesthesecurityofprivacy),italsoprovestobeefficientfordailyuse.(47words)【2018—崇明区一模】IV.SummaryWritingFromBurnSurvivortoGlobalInspirationLastOctober,theKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipwitnessedanunbelievablefinish.TuriaPitt,anAustralianwomanwhosufferedsevereburnswhencaughtinabushfireduringamarathonsixyearsago,successfullychallengedherself.Pittspent864daysinahospitalandwentthroughmorethan200operations.Doctorssaidshewouldneverrunagain,butsheprovedthemwrong.CrossingthelineintheHawaiiandarkness,Pittshowedincredibleemotionastheracecommentator(现场解说员)announced:“TuriaPitt,youareanironman!”Onsocialmedia,peoplearoundtheworldapplaudedherdetermination.Apartfromcontinuingtobeastarathlete,Pittisalsoamotivationalspeakernow.Sheissharingherjourneyofrecoverywithotherstohelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation,whichshebelievessavedherlife.Pittwas24yearsoldwhensheandfiveothersencounteredthefire.Doctorshadtoremovetheburntskinandreplaceitwithdonatedskinthatcouldfightinfection.NonecouldbefoundinAustraliaanddoctorswereforcedtosearchabroad.TheyfinallyfoundskinthatcouldbeusedintheUnitedStates.“I’mnotbeingdramatic,butitwastheskinthatsavedmylife,”saidPitt.“IdecidedtolivemylifetothebestofmyabilitiesbecauseIneverwantedthosedonors,wherevertheyare,tothinkIwasungratefulfortheirgift.”SoPittsetherselfabiggoal:theKonaIronmanWorldChampionship.Inordertocompete,shehadtofirstlearnhowtostand,walkandeventalkalloveragain.Andbecauseofherburns,shealsohastroublesweatingandregulatingherbodytemperature.Despitethesedisadvantages,Pittcompletedtheraceinjust14hours.Shesaidthisachievementwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthedonatedskin,highlightingtheimportanceoforgandonation.TuriaPittmetwithafireduringamarathonandgotseverelyburnt6yearsago.Butsheeventuallysurvivedandrecoveredwiththedonatedskin.WhatinspiredpeoplemorewasthatshefinishedtheKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipdespiteallthedisadvantagesshehadafterthesurgery.Sheisnowpromotingorgandonationwithherownrecoveryexperience.【2018-奉贤区一模】IV.SummaryWritingAFather’sInfluenceMakesforBetterGradesAdolescentsfromlow-incomefamiliesinparticulararemorelikelythantheirmiddle-classpeerstounderachieveandtodropoutofschool.Studieshaveshownthatapositiveattitudetowardsschoolworkandthesupportandencouragementfromtheirparentscanhelpat-riskyoungsterstoovercometheeconomicbarriersandlackofresourcestheyface.Mostoftheevidenceabouttheeffectsofparentalinvolvementcomesfromresearchonmothers.Littleisknown,however,abouthowadolescentsexperiencetheirfathers’warmthandthebeliefsandbehaviorsthataremostaffectedbyit.Thisnewstudyispartofalargeronefocusingonlow-incomefamiliesconductedinfourmiddleschoolsinthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Datawereanalyzedfromquestionnairescompletedby183sixth-gradersabouthowoptimisticandmotivatedtheywereabouttheirschoolwork,andhowtheyexperiencedtheirfathers.ThequestionnaireswerecompletedprimarilybyrespondentsofMexicanAmerican,AfricanAmericanandEuropeanAmericandescent.Theirmathsandlanguageartsgradeswerealsoobtained.Theirfindingsshowhowfatherscansupporttheirteenagersinwaysthatresultingreateroptimism,self-efficacy,and,ultimately,higherachievementatschool.Thesepositiveeffectsextendtobothsonsanddaughters,whileindifferentways.Experiencingtheirfather’swarmthfirstinfluencesdaughters’senseofoptimism,andthenspillsoverintotheirfeelingmoredeterminedandcertainabouttheiracademicabilities.Thisinturnleadstobettermathgrades.Thereisamoredirectlinkbetweentheirfathers’involvementandteenageboys’beliefintheirabilitytosucceedontheacademicfront.Thisheightenedself-confidenceincreasedtheirsuccessinEnglishlanguageartsclasses.Suizzosuggeststhatcounselorsandeducatorsshouldencouragefatherstocommunicatewarmthandacceptancetotheirchildren,becauseofthepositiveinfluencetheseemotionshaveontheirwell-being.Evidenceshowsthatmotherscanhelpchildrenovercomedifficulties,butarecentlystudyfindsthatfathersalsohavepositiveinfluence.Theycanhelpchildrenfeelmoreoptimisticandself-confident,whichbooststhemathscoreofteenagegirlsandthelanguageabilitiesofboys.Therefore,fathersshouldbeencouragedtoconveycareandrecognitiontotheirchildren.【2018-虹口区一模】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WildernessTherapyWhenmostpeopleheartheterm“psychotherapy”，theypicturetraditionaltalktherapy-someonesittingonacouchorchairtalkingabouttheirtroublingthoughtsandfeelingswithapsychologistorothermentalhealthprofessional.However,talktherapyisn’ttheonlytypeofpsychotherapyusedtohelpindividualsstrugglingwithdepression,anxiety,andawholehostofotherchallengingdisorders,emotionalstruggles,andothertypesofproblems.Inreality,therapytakesplaceinallkindsofsettings.Oneofthemiswildernesstherapy.Whenthecampsiteissetupandthefireislit,thedoctorisin.Wildernesstherapyisasuccessful,andsometimescontroversial（有争议的）waytohelptroubledyouthbyteachinglifeandsocialskillsonthehikingtrail.Intensivegrouptherapyandone-on-onesessionsarecoupledwithoutdooractivitieslikemountainclimbingandfly-fishingtoteachself-relianceandresponsibility.Programspromisetoreformeventhemostwayward（任性的）ofoffenders,includingteenswithdepression,angermanagementissues,oreatingdisorders.Whilewildernesstherapycanbeeffective,certainmethodshavecomeunderfireforusingunethical,andsometimesabusive（施虐的）techniquestohelpstrugglingyouth.Wildernessprogramsarelooselyregulated,sonotallprogramsarestaffedbyqualifiedprofessionals.Uponcloserexamination,some“therapy”groupsseemedtobejustmilitary-stylebootcampswithlittlementalhealthbenefit.Evenlegalwildernesstherapygroupshavebeencriticizedforpartneringwithteenescort（陪同）companiestoforcibly

removeunwillingparticipantsfromtheirhomestoattendtheprogram.Whilecontroversyandriskexist,wildernesstherapy

mightbeacreativewaytoteachlifeskillswhenothermethodshavefailed.Wildnesstherapyisakindofpsychotherapy,whichisasuccessfulonewithargument.Itisaimedtoreformyouthsintroublebyhavingthemgetinvolvedinoutdooractivities.Itiscriticized/blamedforsomeofitsmethods,lackofprofessionalstaffandnotbeingmentallybeneficial.However,itisacreativewaytoequipyouthswithlifeandsocialskills.(60ws)【2018-黄浦区一模】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOpenOfficesGoodforUs?Fouryearsago,ChrisNageledidwhatmanyothertechnologyexecutiveshavedonebefore—hemovedhisteamintoanopenconceptoffice.Hisstaffhadbeenexclusivelyworkingfromhome,buthewantedeveryonetobetogether,tobondandcollaboratemoreeasily.Itquicklybecameclear,though,thatNagelehadmadeahugemistake.Everyonewasdistracted,productivitysufferedandthenineemployeeswereunhappy,nottomentionNagelehimself.InApril2015,aboutthreeyearsaftermovingintotheopenoffice,Nagelemovedthecompanyintoa10,000-squarefootofficewhereeveryonenowhastheirownspace—completewithclosingdoors.Numerouscompanieshaveembracedtheopenoffice—about70%ofUSofficesareopenconcept—andbymostaccounts,veryfewhavemovedbackintotraditionalspaceswithofficesanddoors.Butresearchthatwe’re15%lessproductive,wehaveimmensetroubleconcentratingandwe’retwiceaslikelytogetsickinopenworkingspaces,hascontributedtoagrowingbacklashagainstopenoffices.Besidesthecheapercost,onemainargumentfortheopenworkspaceisthatitincreasesteamwork.However,it’swelldocumentedthatwerarelybrainstormbrilliantideaswhenwe’rejustshootingthebreezeinacrowd.Instead,asmanyofusknow,we’remorelikelytohearabouttheChristmasgiftacolleagueisbuyingforafamilymember,orproblemswithyourdeskmate’sspouse.Forjobsthatrequirefocus,likewriting,advertising,financialplanningandcomputerprogramming,somecompaniesthataren’treadytoabandonopenplansareexperimentingwithquietandclosedspaces.Thetroublewiththat,issomeofusdon’tfeelcomfortableleavingtheteamtogooffonourown—itcanfeelasifwe’renotpullingourweightifwe’renotpresent.That’sparticularlytrueinhig-hpressureenvironments.Someofusevenfeelthatescapingtoaquietroomisasignofweakness.Para1-3:Thoughopenofficesismeanttoraisecooperation,employeesfeelithardtoconcentrate,thusreducingproductivity.Para4:Quietandclosedspacesarebetterchoicesforjobsdemandingconcentration,butsomehaveafeelingofdiscomfortorweaknesstoworkalone.【2018-金山区一模】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SalesstrategiesHowcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategy”.Inotherwords,whatistheroleofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson’sjobnarrative,suggestive,orconsultative?The“narrative”salesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesame.The“suggestive”approachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer’sneeds.Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanthenusetheinformationfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany’ssalesstaffactas“consultants”forthebuyer.Inthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredtoaconsumer’sneeds.Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorasuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsvaluecreativityandanalyticalskills.Suchsalesstrategiesasnarrative,suggestiveandconsultativestrategiescanimproveacompany’ssales.Thenarrativestrategyreferstoastandardpresentationsuitableforbuyerswithsimilarmotives,whilethesuggestivestrategymeansthesalespersonshouldofferalternativechoicesofaparticularcustomer.Finally,thepresentationinconsultativestrategyisdesignedtomeetaconsumer’sspecificnee【【2018-闵行区一模】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwing-lengthofup3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoningnearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutnotdeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedbirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidneyfailuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”TwomeasureshavebeentakentosaveCaliforniacondorsfromextinctionfordecades.First,tokeepcondorsawayfromelectricallines,electricshocktrainingletthemexperiencebitterbutnotfatalshock.Second,toclearleadfromtheirblood,somearegivenmedicaltreatmentatthezoo.Asthestatisticsshow,theseeffortshavegoodresults.【2018-浦东新区一模】□.SurmmaryWriting（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence.“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence.”Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren’tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Itisreportedthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult.Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Iftheconflictoccurs,studentscanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution:staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewordsandaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirewhilesoftwordscanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterthat,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside:andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterwards,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker’sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Anargumentdoesn’tmeantryingtofigureoutthefaultoftheotherpersonbutmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueis.Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.(280words)Conflictcanleadtoviolence,sostudentsshouldbetaughthowtohandleit./Conflictisinevitableandminorinsultsmaycauseit./Stayingcalm,avoidingaggressivewordsisthepriority./Topromotemutualunderstanding,theyshouldlistentoeachotherandaskquestion./Finally,thinkingaboutwhattheyarehearingcanhelpminimizemisunderstanding.(55words)【【2018-青浦区一模】【【2018-普陀区一模】SummaryWriting10%Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.“WhereYouGo”Doesn’tMatterSoMuchDuringthefallmonthsathighschoolguidancecounselingprograms,juniorsruntothestagetoparticipateinanexercisetotryandhelpthemunderstandthatitisnot“whereyougo”thatmatters.Theyholdpostersfeaturingthenamesandfacesoffamouspeoplewhiletheirpeersandparentsshoutoutwithconfidencethenamesofelitecolleges(名校)theyassumethecelebritiesattended.The“oohs”and“aahs”followastheaudiencelearnthatStevenSpielberg,SteveJobsandBillGatesdroppedoutofcollegeandthatKenBurnsgraduatedfromHampshireCollege.Ifevenafewstressedstudentsandtheiranxiousparentsbenefitfromthisinformation,itisaworthwhileexercise.Evenbetterisgivingthestudentsanassignmenttoidentifythehappy,successfulpeopleintheirowncircleoffamily,friends,co-workersandneighborsandchallengingthemtogoandask“iforwheretheywenttocollege?”asameansofbroadeningtheconversationintheirsearchforalifeafterhighschool.Thekeytosuccessincollegeandbeyondhasmoretodowithwhatstudentsdowiththeirtimeduringcollegethanwhatcollegetheychoosetoattend.Along-termstudyof6,335collegegraduatespublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatgraduatingfromacollegewhereenteringstudentshavehigherSATscores—onemarkerofelitecolleges—didn’tpayoffinhigherpost-graduationincome.Researchersfoundthatstudentswhoappliedtoseveraleliteschoolsbutdidn’tattendthem—eitherbecauseofrejectionorbytheirownchoice—aremorelikelytoearnhighincomeslaterthanstudentswhoactuallyattendedeliteschools.Inasummaryofthefindings,thebureausaysthat“evidently,students’motivation,ambitionanddesiretolearnhaveamuchstrongereffectontheirlatersuccessthanaverageacademicabilityoftheirclassmates.”Byaskingthestudentstoguessthecollegessomecelebritiesattendedandtoinvestigatetheeducationalbackgroundoftheirsuccessfulacquaintances,highschoolprogrammesindicatethatthesuccessfulpeopledon’tnecessarilygraduatefromfamouscolleges.Accordingtoaresearch,nottheuniversitiespeopleattendedbuttheirpropertimemanagement,effortsandwillingnesscontributemosttolifelongsuccess.(57words)IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Readingtheworldin195boobsIn2012,Isetmyselfthechallengeoftryingtoreadabookfromeverycountryofall195UN-recognizedstatesinayear.Withnoideahowtofindpublications,Idecidedtoasktheplanet’sreadersforhelp.IcreatedablogcalledAYearofReadingtheWorldandputoutanappealforsuggestionsoftitlesthatIcouldreadinEnglish.Theresponsewasamazing.BeforeIknewit,peopleallovertheplanetweregettingintouchwithideasandoffersofhelp.Somepostedmebooks.Othersdidhoursofresearchonmybehalf.Inaddition,severalwriters,likeTurkmenistan’sAkWelsaparandPanama’sJuanDavidMorgan,sentmeunpublishedtranslationsoftheirnovels.Evenwithsuchanextraordinaryteambehindme,however,sourcingbookswasnoeasytask.Buttheeffortwasworthit.AsImademywaythroughtheplanet’sliterarylandscapes,extraordinarythingsstartedtohappen.Farfromsimplyarmchairtravelling,IfoundIwasinhabitingthementalspaceofthestorytellers.Idiscovered,bookpackingofferedsomethingthataphysicaltravellercouldhopetoexperienceonlyrarely:ittookmeinsidethethoughtsofindividualslivingfarawayandshowedmetheworldthroughtheireyes.Morepowerfulthanathousandnewsreports,thesestoriesnotonlyopenedmymindtobasicinformationoflifeinotherplaces,butopenedmyhearttothewaypeopletheremightfeel.Andthatinturnchangedmythinking.Throughreadingthestoriessharedwithmebybookishstrangersaroundtheglobe,IrealizedIwasnotanisolatedperson,butpartofanetworkthatstretchedallovertheplanet.Onebyone,thecountrynamesonthelistthathadbegunasanintellectualexercisetransformedintoplacesfilledwithlaughter,love,anger,hopeandfear.Landsthathadonceseemedforeignandremotebecamecloseandfamiliartome—placesIcouldidentifywith.Atitsbest,Ilearned,fictionmakestheworldreal.C:Ichallengedmyselftoreadbooksfrom195countriesinayear.Havingdifficultyfindingallthebooks,Isoughtworldwidehelp,whichwasgreetedwithenthusiasticresponses.(2分)Thewholeexperienceturnedoutrewarding.NotonlydidIfeelconnectedtotheworldbuttheexposuretodifferentpeople'slifeandfeelingsbroughttherealworldclosertome.【【2018-松江区一模】IV.SummaryWriting（10分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.Certainly,mostoftheworld’sgreatreligionsorderustobeopenheartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolook,pitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone’ssenseofprideandself-dependence.Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.What’syourattitudewhenmeetingwithabeggar?Nowadays,manypeoplechoosenottogivemoneybecausebeggarspretendtobepoorandmaymisusethemoney.Actually,governmentshouldtakeresponsibilityforpoverty,notordinarypeople.Anyway,there’snothingwrongwithpeoplegivingmoneytothosewhoreallyneedhelp.(51words)【2018-徐汇区一模】IV．SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Weseeiteverywhere.Atiredparent,attheendofastressfulday,losesit—andachildsuffers.We’dliketohelpifwecould,butwehesitate.Isitourbusinesstointervene(干涉)？Andifwedo,willweembarrassandoffendtheparent,makinghimorherevenmoreangrywiththechild?Isn’titwisertowalkpastwithoutcomment?Afterall,noneofusisaperfectparent.Thereseemstobeacommonassumptioninoursocietythatinterveningonbehalfofachildinapublicplaceisnecessarilyhurtfulandcritical.Itneedstobeneither.Thereisaworldofdifferencebetweenhurtfulcriticism(“Howdareyoutreatyourchildlikethat?”)andhelpfulinterventiondoneinacaringway(“Itcanbereallyhardtomeettheirneedswhenyou’resobusy.IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?”)Thereisnothingessentialininterventionthatrequiresonetobeoffensive.MyfriendsandIhavewitnessedsomereallyharmfulacts:hitting,severeverbalabuse,hurtfulcomparisonstobrothersandsisters,andsoon.Thesechildrenacceptthistreatmentbecausetheyaretoohelplessandinexperiencedtostandupforthemselves.Thatemotionalabuse(虐待)leavesnooutwardscarsshouldnotexcuseusfromhelpingthesechildren.Thoseofuswhocanrecognizedamagingtreatmenthaveanobligationtostepin.Thereisonemorereasonforinterveningthatisnearlyalwaysoverlookedinthesediscussions,butwhichIconsidertobethemostsignificant:thelifelongeffectitcanhaveonthechild.Manyadultsincounselingsessionsstillrecallwithgratitudetheonetimethatastrangersteppedinontheirbehalf,andhowmuchitmeant:thatsomeonecared,andthatthechild’sfeelingsofangerandfrustrationwererecognizedandaccepted.Theseadultshavestatedtomethatthisoneinterventionchangedtheirlivesandgavethemhope.Arewetobypasstheopportunitytomakesuchabigdifferenceinthelifeofachild?Peoplemayhesitatetohelpwhentheyseechildrenabusedbytheirparentsinpublicbecausetheyareafraidtoembarrassandoffendtheparent.However,interventioncanbedoneinanon-offensiveway.Sincechildrenaretooyoungtostandupforthemselves,weareobligedtointervene,whichmayhavealifelongeffectontheirfuture/growth.(58words)IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.It’sacommonsighttoseefooddeliveryworkersridingelectricbikesthroughbigcitiesinChina.Mostofthemseemtobeinahurry,astheyrunredlightstodelivertheirmealsintime.However,suchreckless鲁(莽的)behavioroftencausesseriousproblems.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,fooddeliverydrivershad76trafficaccidentsinShanghaialone,accordingtotheShanghaiPublicSecurityBureau.Thismeansthatonaverage,thereisafooddeliveryworkerthatgethurtorevendieontheroadinShanghaievery2.5days.Othercitiesalsosharesimilarproblems.InNanjing,threepeoplediedand2,473wereinjuredinroadaccidentsrelatedtofooddeliveryworkersinthesameperiod,accordingtotheMinistryofPublicSecurity.Theriseofrecklessbehavioramongfooddeliveryworkersiscloselyrelatedtothegrowingdemandfortheirservice,reportedPeople’sDaily.About150millionpeopleinChinaareusingfooddeliveryservices,accordingtoChinaRadioInternational(CRI).Suchabigmarkethasledtoalargedemandforfooddeliveryworkers,withsomecompaniesofferinghighsalariestoattractnewworkers.However,fooddeliveryworkersareoftenunderhighpressurefromtheiremployers.Theyfacecompanyfinesof20yuanfordeliveringfoodlateandupwardsof200yuanforreceivingcomplaints,reportedCRI.Moreover,themoreorderstheytake,themorecommission(佣金)theycanearn,leadingtosomeworkerscheckingtheirmobilephoneforneworderswhilethey’reridingtheirbikes.Whilemost