大学英语语法课件

ANewEnglishGrammarCoursebookAug.27th,20121sted.CHENGHEANewEnglishGrammarCoursebo1AnIntroductiontoEnglishGrammar

1.WhatisGrammar?2.Isgrammarasetofrules?3.Isgrammarchangeable?AnIntroductiontoEnglishGra2GrammaticalorUngrammaticalLabeleachofthefollowingsentencesasGforgrammatical,Nforungrammatical,and?for“notsure”or“don’tknow”.1.Thedogarechasingthecat.2.Hegavethebookme.3.WewillwenttoBeijingtomorrow.4.Greencloudsaresleepingfuriously.5.Sincerityshookhandswiththeblackapple.6.BuffalobuffalobuffaloBuffalobuffalo.GrammaticalorUngrammaticalLa3Considerthefollowingstringsofwords.Howmanysentencescanyoucomeupwithusingthesewordsandonlythesewords?1.the,came,girl,baskets,home,with2.the,Tom,dog,bitesConsiderthefollowingstrings4Fromthelinguist’spointofview,grammarisnotacollectionofrulesthatmustbetaught,butratherasetofblueprintsthatguidespeakersinproducingcomprehensibleandpredictablelanguage.Everylanguage,includingitsdialectsorvariants,issystematicandorderly.Languagesandtheirvariationsarerule-governedstructures,andaretherefore“grammatical.”Fromthelinguist’spointofv5Sentence

│

Clause┌─────────┼────────┐

NPVPPrepP┌──┴──┐┌──┼──┐┌──┼─┐DetNAuxAdvMVPrepDetN││││││││Theseunder-graduate-sarerapid-lyimprov-ingintheirwrit-ing.GrammaticalHierarchy

61.Morphemes词素free=freerootMorphemeboundrootboundprefixaffixderivationalsuffixinflectional1.Morphemes词素7Allomorphs(词素变体):thesamemorphemeindifferentcontextsmaytakedifferentphonological(语音的)ororthographical(拼写的)forms.Thevariantsofthesamemorphemearecalled“allomorphs”.Example:in-im-il-ir-inactiveimmatureillegalirrationalIncoherentimmortalillogicalirregularAllomorphs(词素变体):thesamemor82.Words词Thewordiscomposedofoneormorethanonemorpheme.Wordscanbeclassifiedintwoways:1)Classifiedintermsofword-formationa)simplewords(简单词)b)derivatives(派生词)c)compounds(复合词).2.Words词Thewordiscompose92)Classifiedintermsofgrammaticalfunctiona)Closed-classwords-refertothosesetsofwordswhoseitemsare“closed”orlimitedinnumberandareonlyexceptionallyextendedbythecreationofadditionalmembers,suchasprepositions,pronouns,determiners,conjunctions,auxiliaries,etc.b)Open-classwords

-refertothosesetsofwordswhoseitemsareindefinitelyextendable.Newitemsareconstantlybeingcreatedandolditemsaregivingplacetonewones,suchasnouns,adjectives,adverbs,mainverbs(主动词).2)Classifiedintermsofgram10c)Thereisanotherclassexistingbetweenthetwo,whichincludescardinalnumeral,ordinalnumeral,interjection,etc.c)Thereisanotherclassexis11thewayawordisusedinasentencedetermineswhichpartofspeechitis.Forexample:Noun:Iatefishfordinner.Verb:

WefishinthelakeoneveryTuesday.Eightpartsofspeechthewayawordisusedinase121.Theoutside

oftheboatneedsscraping.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)Preposition2.Youshouldscrapetheboatwithoutoutsidehelp.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)PrepositionMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(a)(b)1.Theoutsideoftheboatnee133.Let’ssitoutside

andlaughatyouasyouworkintheblazingsun.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)Preposition4.Theambulanceisparkedright

outside

theyard,nexttothebeehive.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)Preposition(c)(d)3.Let’ssitoutsideandlaugh145.Thepoliticianrepentedofhispastmistakes.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)Preposition6.Turnrightpastthestorewiththeneonsigninthewindow.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Adverb(d)Preposition(b)(d)5.Thepoliticianrepentedof157.Alwaysfollowthroughwithwhatyoustart.(a)Interjection(b)Conjunction(c)Adverb(d)Preposition8.Theremarkwentrightthroughoneearandouttheother.(a)Noun(b)Adjective(c)Conjunction(d)Preposition(c)(d)7.Alwaysfollowthroughwith163.Phrases词组Thephraseiscomposedofoneormorethanoneword.Generally,thephraseisagroupofwordsorganizedinaspecificwaywithakeywordasitshead(中心词).Thewordclassoftheheaddeterminestheclassofthephraseandthewayinwhichthewordsareorganized.1)Thenounphrase名词词组Thenounphraseisaphrasewithanounasitshead.Thegeneralpatternofanounphraseis:

(determiner+)(premodifier+)noun(+postmodifier)限定词+前置修饰语+名词+后置修饰语thetallboysittinginthecorner3.Phrases词组Thephraseiscom172)TheverbPhrase动词词组Theverbphraseisaphrasewithamainverb（主动词）asitshead.Averbphrasecanbesimpleorcomplex.Asimpleverbphraseisjustamainverbor“modifier+mainverb”.Shelookspale.Weutterlydetestedhim.Acomplexverbphraseisamainverbprecededbyanauxiliary(orauxiliaries)(+modifier).Sheoughttohavetoldhimaboutit.2)TheverbPhrase动词词组18Intermsofgrammaticalform,averbphrasecanbefinite（限定动词词组）ornonfinite（非限定动词词组）.Afiniteverbphraseisinitiatedbyafiniteform,thatis,averbformthatchangesaccordingtotenseorsubject.Suelikesblackcoffee.

Anonfiniteverbphraseisaphraseinitiatedbyanonfiniteform,thatis,averbformthatdoesnotchangeaccordingtotenseorsubject.Wewenttheretoseeafilm.Intermsofgrammaticalform,193)Theadjectivephrase形容词词组Theadjectivephraseisaphrasewithanadjectiveasitshead.Thegeneralpatternofanadjectivephraseis:

(modifier+)adjective(+postmodifier/complementation)Youarenotcarefulenough.4)Theadverbphrase副词词组Theadverbphraseisaphrasewithanadverbasitshead.Thegeneralpatternofanadverbphraseis:

(modifier+)adverb(+postmodifier)Hespeaksveryclearlyindeed.3)Theadjectivephrase形容词词组205)Theprepositionalphrase介词词组Theprepositionalphraseisaphrasewithaprepositionasitshead.Thegeneralpatternofaprepositionalphraseis:

(modifier+)preposition+complementation（补足成分）

Theyfollowedclosebehindme.5)Theprepositionalphrase介词211.Whatistheadjectivephraseinthissentence?Putthatboxofheavybooksonthecounter,please.(a)Ofheavybooks(b)Putthatbox(c)Please(d)Onthecounter(a)Multiple-ChoiceQuestions1.Whatistheadjectivephras222.Whatistheadverbialphraseinthissentence?Thehangglidersoaredoverthecoolgreenlake.(a)Thehangglider(b)Soared(c)Overthecoolgreenlake(d)Coolgreenlake(c)2.Whatistheadverbialphras233.Whatistheparticiplephraseinthefollowingsentence?Thetoast,thoroughlyburnt,sentafoulodorthroughthehouse,butSkipateitanyway.(a)Thetoast(b)Thoroughlyburnt(c)Sentafoulodorthroughthehouse(d)ButSkipateitanyway(b)3.Whatistheparticiplephra244.Whatistheitalicwordgroupinthefollowingsentencecalled?

Waitingforthetrain

exhaustedherpatience.(a)Nounclause(b)Gerundphrase(c)Prepositionalphrase(d)Independentclause(b)4.Whatistheitalicwordgro255.Whatistheitalicwordgroupinthefollowingsentencecalled?Thevisitorsforgottogivetheiraddress.(a)Prepositionalphrase(b)Infinitiveclause(c)Infinitivephrase(d)Prepositionalclause(c)5.Whatistheitalicwordgro264.Clause分句Theclauseiscomposedofoneormorethanonephrase.Afull-fledged(完整的)clauseisstructurallyasequenceofphrasesandlogicallyaconstructionof“subject+predicate”.Theproducers

areabletosupplyasmallpartofourneeds.Subject

predicate4.Clause分句Theclauseiscomp271)Independentanddependent/subordinateclause独立分句和从属分句Intermsofgrammaticalfunction,aclausecanbeindependentordependent.Anindependentclauseisaclausethatcanstandbyitselfandactasacompleteutterance,asdistinguishedfromdependentclausethatformsonlypartofanotherclauseorofaphrase.Heknowseverythingaboutit.（独立分句）Idon’tthinkheknowseverythingaboutit.（从属分句）1)Independentanddependent/s282)Mainandsubordinateclauses主句和从句Inacomplexclause,theclausethattakesanotherclauseasitselementisthemainclause,whiletheclausethatformspartofthemainclauseisasubordinateclause.3)Finiteandnonfiniteclauses限定分句和非限定分句Aclausecanbefiniteornonfinite.Afiniteclauseisonewithafiniteverbphraseasitspredicateverborpredicator;anonfiniteclauseisaclausewithanonfiniteverbphraseasitspredicator.Idon’trememberwhichofyouranswerswerecorrect.(限定分句)Isignedthepapertogetthelicense.(非限定分句)2)Mainandsubordinateclause294)Verblessclauses无动词分句Whenaclauseismarkedbytheabsenceofanyformofverbelement,itisaverblessclause.Averblessclauseisjustaconstructionof“subject+predicate”withoutanyformofverbelement.Hungryandexhausted,theclimbersreturned.Christmasthenonlydaysaway,thefamilywaspentupwithexcitement.4)Verblessclauses无动词分句305.Sentence句子Thesentenceisthehighestrankofgrammaticalunit.Basedononeormorethanoneclause,thesentenceisalsothebasiclinguisticunitofconnecteddiscourse;itcanstandaloneandperformafunctioninsocialcommunication.Thus,asentencecanbedefinedasagrammaticalunitthatcanstandbyitselfandperformacommunicativefunction.5.Sentence句子Thesentenceis31Sentencescanbeclassifiedinvariousways:(1)simple,compound,complex;(2)declarative,interrogative,imperative,exclamative;(3)statement,question,directive,exclamative;(4)assertion,request,offer,apology,andotherkindsofspeechact;(5)positive,negative;(6)active,passive.Sentencescanbeclassifiedin321)Fullandminorsentences完全句和不完全句Afullsentenceisasentencewithanexpressedsubjectandpredicate.Thiskindofsentenceismostlyusedinformalspeechandwriting.e.g.Isignedthepapertogetthelicense.Aminorsentenceisonlyasentencefragmentwhichinspecificcontextsandsituationscanstandbyitselfandperformacommunicativefunction.Minorsentencesareextensivelyusedininformationaldiscourses.Nosmoking!Help!1)Fullandminorsentences完全332)Simple,compound,complexandcompound-complexsentences简单句、并列句、复杂句和并列复杂句simplesentenceAsimplesentenceisasentencethatcomprisesonlyoneindependentclause.Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewweeks.ThestudentsIteachhavemadebettergradesinthepastfewweeks.2)Simple,compound,complexa34compoundsentence并列句Twoormorecoordinatedindependentclausesmakeacompoundsentence.

MissLindacametotheparty,butMr.AndMrs.Wplexsentence复杂句Whenanindependentclausecomprisesoneormoredependentclausesasitselement(s),thismakesacomplexsentence.Tpoundsentence并列句35compound-complexsentence并列复杂句Twoormorecoordinatedindependentclauseswithatleastonecomplexclausemakeacompound-complexsentence.Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselvesimmensely,butwecouldn’pound-complexsentence并列复杂361.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisbestclassifiedasexclamatory?(a)PeopleinBaliremovethewingsfromdragonfliesandboilthebodiesincoconutmilkandgarlic.(b)Thebirdsinmyyardhelpkeeptheinsectpopulationundercontrol.(c)Lookatthatgorgeousinsectonthefence!(d)Wouldyoueatinsects?(c)1.Whichofthefollowingsent372.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisinterrogative?(a)Anewlanguagecancomeintobeingasapidgin.(b)Apidginisamakeshiftjargoncontainingwordsofvariouslanguagesandlittleinthewayofgrammar.(c)Theleapintoa“true”languageismadewhenthepidginspeakershavechildren!(d)Islanguageinnateinhumans?(d)2.Whichofthefollowingsent383.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadeclarativesentence?(a)Venezuelansliketofeastonfreshfire-roastedtarantulas.(b)Eatinginsectsisdisgusting!(c)InJapan,gourmetsrelishaquaticflylarvaesautéedinsugarandsoysauce.(d)ManySouthAfricansadorefriedtermiteswithcornmealporridge.(b)3.WhichofthefollowingisN394.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundsentence?(a)SirimauoBandranaikeofSriLankabecametheworld’sfirstpopularlyelectedfemaleheadofstatein1960.(b)AndrewJacksonwastheonlyU.S.presidentwhobelievedthattheworldwasflat.(c)Six-timeSocialistpartycandidateforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesNormanThomasneverpolledmorethan884,000popularvotesinoneelection,buthisinfluenceonAmericanpoliticalandsocialthoughtwasveryeffective.(d)ThefirstU.S.presidenttorideinanautomobilewasWilliamMcKinley.(c)4.Whichofthefollowingisa405.Whichofthefollowingisacomplexsentence?(a)GeorgeWashington’sfalseteethweremadeofwhalebone.(b)GeorgeWashingtonwasdeathlyafraidofbeingburiedalive.(c)Washington’ssecondinauguraladdresswas138wordslong.(d)Ifchildrenarecapableofcreatinggrammarwithoutanyinstruction,thensuchgrammarmustpreexistintheirbrains.(d)5.Whichofthefollowingisa416.Whichofthefollowingisacompound-complexsentence?(a)WhenPresidentFranklinPiercerandownanelderlywoman,thechargesagainsthimcouldnotbeproven,andthecasewasdismissed.(b)WhenGeorgeWashingtonwaselectedpresident,therewasakinginFrance,aczarinainRussia,anemperorinChina,andashoguninJapan.(c)GeorgeWashingtonhadtoborrowmoneytogotohisowninauguration.(d)JamesK.PolkwastheonlypresidenttohavebeenSpeakeroftheHouse.(a)6.Whichofthefollowingisa42Lecture1

SentenceStructureTheretwomainpointsinthislecture:1.1ClauseElements1.2BasicClauseTypes

andTheirTransformation

andExpansionLecture1

SentenceStructureTh431.1ClauseelementsThebasicclauseelements：subject(主语);predicate(谓语);predicative(表语);object(宾语);attribute(定语);adverbial(状语);independentelementofthesentence(句子独立成分)1)Subjectandpredicate2)TwoWaysofSentenceAnalysis1.1ClauseelementsThebasicc441)SubjectandpredicateAfull-fledgedclausecangenerallybedividedintotwoparts:thesubjectandthepredicate.

Henryisthemoststudious(diligent)intheclass.SubjectPredicate

Allthemenhavedonetheirbest.Mr.Carterwillinvestigatefurther.HenryAllthemenMr.Carterhavedonetheirbestwillinvestigatefurtheristhemoststudious(diligent)intheclass1)SubjectandpredicateAfull45Thesubject:thetopicorthemeofthesentence,tellsofwhatthesentenceisabout(known

information).Thesubjectisgenerallyrealizedbyanoun

phraseoranequivalentofnounphraseThesubject:thetopicortheme46ThePredicate:sayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearsthenewinformation(thespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader).Theconstructionofthepredicate,whichismorecomplicated,generallyconsistsofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementation.ThePredicate:sayssomethinga47CompoundsubjectsandPredicatesCompoundsubject,e.g.,Theboysandthegirlsareplanningadance.Fruitfliesandladybugsareinsects.CompoundPredicate,e.g.,Myfriendlivesinagreenhouseandridesaredbicycle.Iopenedthemagazineandbegantoreaditquietly.CompoundsubjectsandPredicat48DoublePredicatesDoublePredicates:thosetransformedthroughcomplicateddeepstructures,e.g.,Helefthomeamerechildandreturnedquiteadifferentman.=Hewasamerechildwhenhelefthome,andhebecamequiteadifferentmanwhenhereturned.Abirdfelldeadtotheground.Thedoctorsatreadinganewspaperintheshade.DoublePredicatesDoublePredic49Thedifferencebetweencompoundpredicateanddoublepredicate.Compare:Abirdfelldeadtotheground.Abirdfelltogroundanddied.Abirddiedandfelltotheground.Abirdfelltothegroundanditwasdead.*Abirdfelldiedtotheground.DoublepredicatecompoundpredicatecompoundpredicateCompoundsentenceThedifferencebetweencompoun502)

TwoWaysofSentenceAnalysis1.Todividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theseelementstogetherwiththesubjectmakethefiveclauseelements.PredicatePredicateVerbObjectComplementAdverbialSubjectFiveClauseElements﹢﹢123452)TwoWaysofSentenceAnalys51Subject+PredicateVerb+(complementation):Averb-centeredanalysis

Subject+PredicateVerb+(com522)

TwoWaysofSentenceAnalysis2.Todividethepredicateintotwoparts:theoperatorandthepredication.Theoperator

theauxiliaryorthefirstauxiliaryinacomplexverbphraseThepredication

themainverbwithitscomplementationObject/Complement/Adverbial2)TwoWaysofSentenceAnalys53大学英语语法课件541.2BasicClauseTypesandTheirTransformationandExpansion

Intermsofthedifferentcombinationsofclauseelements,Englishclausescanbeclassifiedintosevenbasictypes.Innumerableauthenticsentencesarestructuredonthebasisoftheseclausetypes.1.2BasicClauseTypesandThe551)BasicClauseTypesThesevenbasicclausetypesare:SVCSV

SVASVO

SVOASVoOSVOCThesesevencombinationsofclauseelements

arewhollyorlargelydeterminedby

theMainVerbintheclause.1)BasicClauseTypesTheseven56SVC:ThemainverbinanSVCpatternisaLinking/CopulaVerbwhichmustbefollowedbyaSubjectComplement.

Thatcaris

mine.

Sheis

ingoodhealth.SVC:ThemainverbinanSVCpa57SV/SVA

:ThemainverbinanSVpatternisanIntransitiveVerbwhichisnottobefollowedbyanyobligatoryelementexceptforalimitednumberofintransitiveverbswhichrequireanobligatoryAdverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVA.Everybodylaughed.

Thechildrenaresleeping.

Ilive

inBeijing.

Thetrainleavesatsix.SV/SVA:Themainverbinan58SVO/SVOA

:ThemainverbinanSVOpatternisaMonotransitivewhichmustbefollowedbyanobject,andwithsomemonotransitivestheobjectmustbefollowedbyanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVOA.Nobodycouldanswer

thequestion.

Liverpoolwon

thegame.

Iputthematerialevidence

infrontofher.

Hetreated

her

vilely.SVO/SVOA:Themainverbina59SVoO:ThemainverbinanSVoOpatternisaDitransitiveVerbwhichistobefollowedbytwoobjects:IndirectandDirectObject.Marylentme

hercar.

Imade

myself

acupoftea.SVoO:ThemainverbinanSVoO60SVOC:ThemainverbinanSVOCpatternisacomplextransitiveverbwhichmustbefollowedbyanobject+objectcomplement.Wemadehim

ourspokesman.

Theyelected

him

president.SVOC:ThemainverbinanSVOC61Discussion:identifythefollowingsentencepatternThey’reoutofbreath.They’reoutoftown.Sheisyoungandingoodhealth.Randolphispayingforthemeal.Itturnedoutahugesuccess.Weareputtingupatamotel.SVCSVC/SVA?SVCSVO/SVA?SVCSVADiscussion:identifythefollo62Theylookedonmeastheirrolemodel.Slowlyisexactlyhowhespeaks.Outonthelakewillbesplendid.BecauseSallywantstoleavedoesn’tmeanthatwehaveto.SVOCSVACSVCSVOTheylookedonmeastheirrol63TherealizationofthesemajorclauseelementsClENPVPAPAdvPPPFCl-ingClInf.ClEdClS√√√√√√V√Cs√√√√√√√Od√√√√Oi√√Co√√√√√A√√√√√√√Therealizationofthesemajor642)TransformationandExpansionofBasicClauseTypes

WaysofTransformation:Thebasicclausetypesare

all

affirmative

statementswithverbsintheactivevoice.

NegativeQuestionPassiveVoiceAffirmativeStatementActiveVoice2)TransformationandExpansio65WaysofExpansion:addingmodifiersatvariouslevelsbycoordination

and

subordinationWaysofExpansion:addingmodif661.addingmodifiersatvariouslevelsmodifiersclausephraseswords﹢modifiers﹢modifiers﹢1.addingmodifiersatvarious672.bycoordinationandsubordinationclause﹢clausecoordinationsubordinationclauseclausesubordinationcompoundsentencecomplexsentencecompoundcomplexsentence2.bycoordinationandsubordi68Example:Howmanyclauses?WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously,but,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.reportscameintoLondonZoowildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilesasouthofLondontheywerenottakenseriouslytheevidencebegantoaccumulateexpertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigatethedescriptionsgivenbywereextraordinarilysimilarpeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumaC2C1C4C3C6C5C7WhenbutasforwhoExample:Howmanyclauses?W69C3C5C4C6C7C1C2CoordinateSubordinateSubordinateSubordinateTheStructureofSentence1WhenthatbutasforwhoC3C5C4C6C7C1C2CoordinateSubord70Sentence2Furthermore,he(asuccessfulscientist)

isnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,

butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthat

manistheleastreliableofscientific

instrumentsandthatanumberoffactors

tendtodisturbimpartialandobjective

investigation.C2C1C3C4C1C2C3C4MainClauseSubordinateClauseSubordinate

ClauseAdverbialObjectsincethatthatandSentence2Furthermore,he(as71Sentence3Iknowofmanycaseswherehavingnochildrenthehusbandaftermiddleagewantedtotakeaconcubine,butbecausethewiferefusedtogiveherconsent,desisted.C1C2C3C1SVOIknowofmanycasesC2whereAppositiveC3becauseAdverbialComplexClauseSimpleClauseSimpleSentenceSentence3Iknowofmanycases72Sentence4Iknowevenofacasewherethehusband,becausehedidnotwanttoexactthismarkofselflessnessfromhiswifewhowassickandinbadhealth,refused,whenurgedbythewife,totakeaconcubine,butthewife,withouthisknowledgeandconsent,notonlyboughtaconcubine,butactuallyforcedhimtotaketheconcubineintothehouse.C1AppositiveAdverbialPostModifierC1C2C3C4C5ISVOknowevenofacaseC2C5wherebutC3C4becausewhoSentence4Iknowevenofacas73Exercise1AIdentifytheclauseelementsinthefollowingsentences:Model:whyshouldIhavetotakeoutthetrash?

A.Subject:I

B.PredicateVerb:shouldhavetotakeoutExercise1AIdentifytheclaus741.Joshuaquicklyfinishedhishomeworkandwentouttoplay.

A.Object:

B.Adverbial:hishomeworkquickly，outtoplay1.Joshuaquicklyfinishedhis752.Thehugeblackhorseeasilywontherace.

A.Subject:

B.Object:Thehugeblackhorsetherace2.Thehugeblackhorseeasily763.Peoplehavethoughaboutgoingintospaceformanyyears.

A.PredicateVerb:

B.Object:havethoughaboutgoingintospace3.Peoplehavethoughaboutgoi774.Thesnakewarmsupandcrawlsoutofthebag.

A.PredicateVerb:

B.Adverbial:warms…andcrawlsup;outofthebag4.Thesnakewarmsupandcrawl785.Saturnisoneofthemostbeautifulplanetstolookatthroughatelescopebecauseofthemanyringsthatsurroundit.

A.Complement:

B.Adverbial:oneofthemostbeautifulplanetstolookatthroughatelescopebecauseofthemanyringsthatsurroundit5.Saturnisoneofthemostbe79Lecture2-3Subject-verbConcordAug.27th,20121sted.CHENGHELecture2-3Subject-verbConcor1“Amanofabilitiesareneeded.”这句话有问题吗？为什么不能说“Ourpersonnelishighlytrained.”?“morethanoneperson”的谓语动词应该用什么形式？“Amanofabilitiesareneeded811.

MaryandTomeach____theirownroom.A.have B.has2.

Thirtymiles____likealongwalktome.A.seems B.seem3.

Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because

goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare

It’stheagreementbetweensubjectandpredicateverbintermsofnumber.Whatis“subject-verbconcord”?1.

MaryandTomeach____thei821. ThreeguidingprinciplesMaryandTomeachhavetheirownroom.1.1 theprincipleofgrammaticalconcordIfthesubjectisplural,theverbshouldtakethepluralform.Ifthesubjectissingularoramassnoun,theverbshouldtakethesingularform.1. Threeguidingprinciples831.2 theprincipleofnotionalconcordThirtymilesseemslikealongwalktome.Theverbcanagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofnumberinspiteoftheactualformofthesubject.1.2 theprincipleofnotional84Ifthereferenceofthesubjectissingular,theverbtakesthesingularform.Ifthereferenceofsubjectisplural,the