新编临床医学英语

新编临床医学英语新编临床医学英语新编临床医学英语资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月新编临床医学英语版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：新编临床医学英语第1期:病患的问题与诉求Unit

1

Text

A

Internal

Medicine

and

Today's

Internist第1单元文章A

内科与内科医生Questions/Pleas

of

the

Patient病患的问题与诉求How

can

I

find

a

good

doctor"

我如何找到一位良医？How

can

I

find

a

good

doctor

whom

I

can

afford"

如何能够碰到一位价格亲民的医生？How

can

I

find

a

good

doctor

who

cares

about

me

as

a

person〃

又如何能够遇见一位把我当成“人”看待的医生？How

can

I

find

a

good

doctor

who

will

take

the

time

to

listen

and

understand"

如何找到一位能够花时间倾听我的诉说，了解我的名医？People

who

need

medical

care

ask

these

questions

throughout

the

world

every

day.每天，全球有许多病患都在询问这些问题。They

ask

them

because

they

face

a

health

care

system

that

is

scientifically

complex,organizationally

overloaded,

and

generally

not

oriented

to

the

patient

as

a

person.他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。When

an

individual

first

becomes

ill,

regardless

of

the

symptoms,

he

or

she

needs

mostsomeone

who

seems

to

say,如果有人生了病，不管症状如何，他们最希望听到的是："I

am

a

good

doctor；I

charge

a

reasonable

amount

for

my

services；I

care

about

you，thepatient

and

I

will

take

the

time

to

listen

and

understand."“我是医生；我只收取亲民价格，我关心病患，我将倾听你的诉求，理解你。”A

prominent

teacher/physician

in

a

major

medical

center

taught

his

students

to

listen

to

thepatient

and

he

will

tell

you

what

is

wrong,

and

he

will

tell

you

what

he

needs".主要医疗中心的知名学者/内科医生都会教授学生要学会倾听，病人会告诉你哪里不舒服，也将会告诉你他们的需求。Having

found

a

physician

who

answers

so

profoundly

to

their

needs,

some

patients

areextremely

grateful

but

most

are

utterly

overwhelmed.有些内科医生完全满足了病患的需求，有些患者表现出了极大的感激之情，但是绝大部分都激动不已。With

the

discovery

of

that

relationship,

the

difference

between

a

superb

technician

and

a

truephysician

really

becomes

evident

to

the

patient.有了这层关系之后，专业技师和内科医生的区别在病患面前展露无遗。That

physician/teacher

was

a

scholarly

gentleman

with

deep

scientific

insight

and

an

activeand

stimulating

clinical

and

research

practice.内科医生/教授都是学术人才，他们对学科有着科学的深刻见解，并活跃在临床和研究领域中。Unfortunately

he

developed

crippling

rheumatoid

arthritis

in

the

midst

of

his

career.但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。Beyond

question,

his

own

disease

sensitized

him

to

the

complex

mix

of

expectations,

needs,fears,毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感，and

appreciation

that

patients

feel

when

facing

a

physical-mental

trial

while

at

the

same

timelooking

forthat

perfect

physician

to

help

them.这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。Patients

flocked

to

this

doctor，not

just

for

his

accurate

diagnoses,

his

correct

therapies,

oreven

his

warmth,患者都去找这样的医生看病，并不是因为他们准确无误的诊断，正确的治疗方法，甚至是所给予的温暖，but

for

the

intellect

he

expressed

and

the

sheer

joy

of

living

that

he

extended

in

everyencounter

with

another

human

being.而是他们所散发的智慧之光，以及他在面对每一个“人”时所展现的喜悦之情。He

had

a

Shakespearean

grasp

of

the

qualities

of

being

human

and

an

uncommon

ability

totransmit

love

and

respect

for

his

fellow

human

beings.他既能像莎翁那样对人性特点有着深刻的了解，又身具异秉能把关爱和尊重传递给全人类。He

exhibited

the

ideal

all

physicians

should

emulate.他展现了所有内科医生应该展现的最理想的一面。Many

readers

know

a

physician

with

these

characteristics

all

should

seek

to

know

one

and

todevelop

their

own

professional

persona

so

that

human

qualities

are

not

lost

to

technicalacumen.许多读者都认为拥有这些特征的内科医生都应该去了解，并培养自己的职业形象，只有这样，人类的本质才不会在技术面前甘拜下风。1.be

oriented

to

面向,本句中的

them

是指上句的

these

questions.原文：They

ask

them

because

they

face

a

health

care

system

that

is

scientifically

complex,organizationally

overloaded,

and

generally

not

oriented

to

the

patient

as

a

person.

他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。2.in

the

midst

of：在…中，在…当中原文：Unfortunately,

he

developed

crippling

rheumatoid

arthritis

in

the

midst

of

his

career.但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。3.beyond

question

的意思是“毫无疑问地”；sensitize

sb

to

sth

意思是“使某人对某事敏感起来”。原文：Beyond

question,

his

own

disease

sensitized

him

to

the

complex

mix

of

expectations,needs,

fears,

and

appreciation

that

patients

feel

when

facing

a

physical-mental

trial

while

atthe

same

time

looking

forthat

perfect

physician

to

help

them.毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感。这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。4.rheumatoid

arthritis

风湿性关节炎例句：The

study

was

also

too

short

to

show

whether

TwHF

can

slow

the

joint

damage

causedby

rheumatoid

arthritis.这项研究时间也太短，不能显示雷公藤是否能减缓由风湿性关节炎引起的关节损伤。第2期:好医生的科学和技术专业背景THE

SCIENTIFIC

AND

TECHNOLOGIC

BACKGROUND

OF

A

"GOOD

DOCTOR"“好医生”的科学和技术专业背景Since

Flexner

issued

his

famous

report

in

1910,

American

medical

education

has

striven

towardthe

development

of

a

strong

scientific

base.自从1910年弗莱克斯纳的著名研究报告问世以来，美国的医学教育致力于培养深厚的科学基础。This

intellectual

prerequisite,therefore,has

become

an

integral

part

of

premedical,undergraduate,

graduate,

and,

indeed,

continuing

medical

education.所以，以学术知识为前提的教育就成为了医学预科、本科生、研究生以及继续医学教育的主要组成部分。Biomedical

science

is

fundamental

to

understanding

disease,

making

diagnoses,

developingnew

therapies,

and

appreciating

the

complexities

and

contributions

of

new

technologies.生物医学是掌握病情、作出诊断、研究新型治疗方法的基础，同时它还是研发新技术的基础。Physicians

cannot

be

satisfied

with

simply

knowing

that

a

certain

form

of

therapy

works

80

to90

per

cent

of

the

time.内科医生不能够只满足于掌握某领域治疗方法的80-90%。They

must

understand

the

basic

physiology

and

pharmacology

of

any

approach

they

use.他们必须对所应用的生理学和药物学的基本疗法了如指掌。They

must

possess

the

intellectual

tools

to

follow

reports

of

current

research

in

medicaljournals他们必须能够利用学术方法来掌握医学杂志的最新研究成果，so

that

they

can

continue

to

grasp

the

newest

and

latest

approaches,

no

matter

howcomplicated

the

field

may

become.不管该领域变得多么复杂多变，他们都能够掌握最新的治疗方法。That

is

why,

in

a

textbook

of

medicine

like

this,

strong

emphasis

is

given

to

how

things

work,what

goes

amiss

when

pathologic

processes

ensue,这就是为什么像这样的医学教科书要着重强调事物的运作方法，以及在病理过程中所出现的差错，and

what

effect

a

given

therapy

has

in

correcting

that

defect.以及特定治疗方法对纠正差错所带来的影响。We

seek

to

create

within

the

minds

of

our

readers

a

yearning

for

a

greater

depth

ofunderstanding

and

a

continuing

commitment

to

stay

at

the

frontier

of

scientific

knowledge.我们希望我们的读者能够从内心有着更加深入的了解，并继续处在科学的最前沿。These

are,

in

fact,

among

the

hallmarks

of

a

professional

in

any

scientific

field.事实上，任意科学领域专业都包含了这些特点。We

are

moving

into

an

era

when

pharmacotherapeutic

agents

are

no

longer

merely

wonders

oforganic

chemistry,

but

increasingly

often

are

biologic

products.当今时代，药剂已经不仅仅是有机化学的奇迹，它也逐渐变成了生物制品。Some

of

these

are

isolated

from

nature

others

are

developed

by

recombinant

DNAtechnology.许多产品已经脱离自然，有些是DNA技术重组的产物。On

the

horizon

is

the

availability

of

a

true

replacement

or

supplement

for

defective

ordeficient

biochemical

constituents

of

the

body.我们即将要面对的是真正能够替代或是能够补充生物化学成分中不足的产品。No

physician

can,

with

intellectual

honesty,

use

these

new

classes

of

agents

without

fullyunderstanding

their

action,

their

meaning,

and

their

potential

side

effects.任何一位有学术诚信的医生都不会在没有充分了解这些新型药剂的功能、作用以及潜在副作用的情况下就使用它们。The

diagnostic

and

therapeutic

contributions

and

potential,

in

clinical

situations,ofbiocompatible

prosthetic

devices,

nuclear

magnetic

resonance

spectroscopy,通过一系列的发展（还没有被确认），诊疗对未来临床中的生物兼容性假肢器官、核磁共振谱、high-frequency

laser

beams,

and

so

on

through

developments

not

yet

conceivedappreciated

only

by

the

mind

that

is

disciplined

in

fundamental

science.高频激光等所作出的贡献只有在基础科学中才能得以实现。1.per

capita

每人，按人口（计算）例句：The

United

States

spends

more

per

capita

on

health

care

than

any

other

nation

in

theworld.美国是全球个人医疗开销最大的国家。2.Medicaid

plan

医疗补助制度例句：With

the

passage

of

the

Medicare

program

for

the

elderly

and

the

Medicaid

plan

for

thepoor

by

Congress

in

1965,

1965年，美国国会通过了补助老人的退休医疗福利，以及补助穷人的穷人医疗补助，3.dental

care

牙齿护理例句：Your

smile

depends

on

simple

dental

care

habits,

such

as

brushing

and

flossing.自信的笑容取决于简单的牙齿护理习惯，如刷牙和使用牙线。4.cost-efficient

有成本效益的例句：It

also

helps

the

architect

manage

resources

in

a

very

cost-efficient

manner.

它还有助于架构师采用一种非常具有成本效益的方式来管理各种资源。第3期:THE

ORGANIZATION

AND

FINANCING

OF

TODAY'S

MEDICINE当代医疗制度与资金投入Patients,

as

well

as

their

representatives

in

government,

industry,

and

managed-careorganizations,

are

concerned

about

the

rising

cost

of

medical

care.政府、产业、管理型医疗保险代表以及病患都对不断增加的看病价格给予了高度关注。The

total

bill

for

health

care

in

America

now

rises

at

a

rate

of

about

10

per

cent

per

year,

anincrease

that

seems

to

continue

unabated.在美国，医疗开销以每年10%的价格增长，而这一趋势还将继续下去。Federal

legislation

instituting

diagnosis-related

groups

(DRC's)

has

clearly

moderated

the

riseof

hospital

costs,

but

physician

costs

continue

to

rise

at

an

ever-increasing

rate.联邦立法已经开设了诊断相关组，并已经降低了医院开销，但是内科医生的开销仍然在不断增加。Every

student

of

medicine

should

ask

if

this

is

realistic.每一名医学学生都在问这是不是真的。Is

it

sustainable

Is

it

defensible是可持续性的还是有可解决的办法

What

will

be

the

limits

范围到底在哪？Patients

already

ask,“Can

I

really

afford

the

best

doctors

in

the

most

prestigious

practices,

inthe

most

famous

medical

centers”

病患在问，“我能去最好的医疗中心，最好的科室，找最好的医生看病吗”“Can

I

afford

to

be

referred

to

a

subspecialist”

我有钱去看那些专业医师吗？“Can

I

afford

to

be

out

of

work

and

in

the

hospital”

我能支付得起不上班在医院看病的开销吗？“Can

I

afford

to

pay

my

rising

insurance

premiums”

“我有钱支付不断增长的保险吗”“How

much

deductible

on

my

insurance

can

I

afford”

“保险中的扣除条款我能支付得起多少”Worse

yet,

an

increasing

number

of

patients

have

to

make

choices

between

seeking

medical

anddental

care

and

getting

food,

clothing,

shelter,

and

other

essentials

of

daily

living.更糟糕的是，有许许多多的病患不得不在看病，看牙和基本日常生活之间做出选择。These

issues

have

become

major

concerns

in

American

households

and

clearly

represent

one

ofthe

most

disturbing

weaknesses

in

our

economy,这些问题已经成为美国家庭关心的主要问题,并且是美国经济中最令人担心的薄弱环节，of

which

now

nearly

12

per

cent

(

by

annual

gross

national

product)

is

devoted

to

health

care,up

from

8

per

cent

in

1975.医疗费用所占每年国民生产总值的比例已由1975年的8%增加到现在的12%。Over

the

last

two

to

three

decades

it

has

been

a

goal

of

the

United

States

to

promote

everincreasing

quality

and

cost-effectiveness

of

health

care

for

all.在过去的二三十年中，美国的目标就是要为全体民众提供质量高，成本高效益的医疗制度。Unfortunately,

we

have

failed

miserably.不幸的是，我们遭遇了惨败。The

USA

spends

more

per

capita

on

health

care

than

any

other

nation

in

the

world.美国是全球个人医疗开销最大的国家。Yet

in

the

major

indices

of

health

our

population

ranks

nineteenth！但是在主要医疗指数上，美国民众排在了第19位！At

the

same

time

we

continue

to

see

a

wasteful

maldistribution

of

physicians

both

by

specialtyand

geographically

and

a

growing

number

of

medically

indigent

and

medically

uninsured

peoplein

our

nation.与此同时，无论在专业还是在地域上，内科医生的分配不合理，没有保险，没钱看病的人数还在不断增加。Somehow,

the

costs

of

what

we

are

trying

to

achieve—even

though

the

goal

is

commendable—

are

not

being

placed

in

proper

perspective

by

the

medical

profession,

health-care

managers,and

representatives

of

the

people

in

order

to

provide

suitable

care

for

all.尽管我们要实现的目标值得赞扬，但是我们要实现的看病价格并没有得到医疗人士、医疗卫生监管人士、以及代表的认真对待。Unfortunately，in

the

present

system

the

real

needs

of

the

populace

are

not

always

met

byaffordable

services.不幸的是，就目前的制度而言，大众所能够支付得起的医疗费用无法满足人们的要求。At

the

same

time,

overutilization

of

medical

services

may

be

the

very

engine

that

drives

up

thetotal

cost

of

health

care

delivery.与此同时，医疗服务的过度使用或许也是增加医疗费用的引擎。With

the

passage

of

the

Medicare

program

for

the

elderly

and

the

Medicaid

plan

for

the

poor

byCongress

in

1965,1965年，美国国会通过了补助老人的退休医疗福利，以及补助穷人的穷人医疗补助，we

had

hoped

as

a

nation

that

we

were

moving

toward

a

more

just

and

efficient

system.我们希望美国的医疗系统能够变得更加公正，更加有效。In

fact,

the

opposite

has

been

the

trend.但是事实上，我们却背道而驰。This

societal

goal

must

now

be

readdressed

reformulated,

and

restructed

in

terms

of

modernneeds,就社会需求来讲，我们应该通过重组来实现社会目标，reflecting

fairly

and

fully

measured

cost-benefit

ratios

for

every

form

of

medical

service.全面反映医疗服务的成本与效益比例。1.per

capita

每人，按人口（计算）例句：The

United

States

spends

more

per

capita

on

health

care

than

any

other

nation

in

theworld.美国是全球个人医疗开销最大的国家。2.Medicaid

plan

医疗补助制度例句：With

the

passage

of

the

Medicare

program

for

the

elderly

and

the

Medicaid

plan

for

thepoor

by

Congress

in

1965,

1965年，美国国会通过了补助老人的退休医疗福利，以及补助穷人的穷人医疗补助，3.dental

care

牙齿护理例句：Your

smile

depends

on

simple

dental

care

habits,

such

as

brushing

and

flossing.自信的笑容取决于简单的牙齿护理习惯，如刷牙和使用牙线。4.cost-efficient

有成本效益的例句：It

also

helps

the

architect

manage

resources

in

a

very

cost-efficient

manner.

它还有助于架构师采用一种非常具有成本效益的方式来管理各种资源。第4期:Medical

professionals

often

attribute

overutilization

to

patient

behavior.医疗专业人士经常将过度使用归罪于病患的行为。In

fact,

however,

physicians

control

70

per

cent

of

health

expenditures.但是，事实上，医护人员却掌控者70%的医疗支出。A

few

patients

with

hypochondriasis,

for

example,

may

visit

physicians

too

often,例如，少数患有疑病症的病患会经常就医。and

many

older

patients

may

seek

medical

help

at

times

when

a

friendly,

reassuring

chat

istheir

real

desire,许多老年患者有时也会寻求医疗帮助，他们希望能够得到友好，舒心的交谈，but

in

the

final

analysis

utilization

of

the

health

care

system

is

in

the

hands

of

physicians.归根结底，医护系统的利用问题掌控在医护人员手中。Ironically,

although

physician

competence

is

often

equated

to

mastery

of

expensivetechniques

and

technologies,具有讽刺意味的是，虽然医术常常等同于掌握价格高昂的仪器设备和科技手段，physicians

are

actually

at

their

professional

best

when

listening

to

the

patient

and

respondingto

what

they

hear

and

see

with

medicine

most

comprehensive

armamentarium.但医生达到炉火纯青境地，往往是在能够倾听患者心声并应用最先进的医疗设备对他们听到、看到的患者状况采取相应措施的时候。Overutilization,

when

it

occurs,

is

thus

most

likely

to

be

our

fault

as

physicians.当出现过度使用问题时，医护人员是最有可能出错的。Our

responsibility

as

professionals

is

to

be

absolutely

certain

that

our

errors

in

this

directionare

driven

by

well-founded

concern

for

the

health

of

our

patients,作为专业人士，我们的责任就是要坚决确保这些错误是建立在对病患健康的关心之上，not

by

the

financial

interests

of

our

practices

or

the

hospitals

where

we

work.而不是建立在经济效益或是医院之上。Individual

physicians,

then,

must

take

a

personal

and

professional

interest

in

the

control

ofhealth

care

costs

not

only

because

it

is

right

for

the

nation,

but

because

it

is

right

for

thepatient.对于个体医护人员来说，他们必须从专业角度和个人角度来对医疗费用产生兴趣，这不仅对国家有益，还将有益于病患。In

our

litigious

society,

a

legalistically

defensive

approach

to

medical

practice

has

become

tooprevalent.在我们这个喜欢诉讼的社会里，有关医疗的法律保护方法就变得非常普遍了。The

conditions

that

engender

this

tendency

must

be

altered.我们必须对这一趋势进行纠正。Physicians

must

use

all

of

their

diagnostic

skills

to

focus

on

the

very

best

approach

to

medicaldiagnosis

and

therapy医护人员必须使用其所有的诊断技能来关注医疗诊断和理疗方法，and

to

steer

away

from

unnecessary

use

or

repetition

of

expensive

procedures

such

ascomputed

tomography,

magnetic

resonance

imaging,

and

cardiac

catheterization.并避免不必要的使用，或是重复价格昂贵的诊治，例如计算机体层摄影、核磁共振成像或是心导管插入术。The

physician

must

use

intellect

scientific

knowledge

and

analytical

skillsto

best

serve

thepatient

without

inundating

the

system

with

unnecessary

costs医生必须运用智慧（包括科学知识和分析能力）来为病人提供最佳服务，既不要给医疗保健体系增加不必要的费用，and

the

patient

with

a

financial

burden

he

simply

cannot

to

bear.也不要给病人造成不必要的、无法继续承受的经济负担。1.take（an）interestin对……发生兴趣例句：We

takeinterestin

yourcannedgoodsandwishtohavethecatalogues.我们对你方的罐头食品有兴趣，希望能收到目录。2.onthefinalanalysis归根结底例句：Nowadays,thecompetitionoftechnologyandstrengthisthecompetitionofhumansandhumancapital

onthefinalanalysis.当今世界科技和实力的竞争，归根到底是人的竞争，是人力资本的竞争。3.steerawayfrom避开例句：Wewantedtomakeacleanbreakfromactressesand

steerawayfrom

blondesandcleansethepalette.我们不想再用女演员代言，也不想要金发女郎，我们重新做出选择。4.financialburden财政负担例句：Bearingthe

financialburden

ofcommercialandinvestmentarbitrationsisdifficultforanycountry,butmostespeciallysoforasmallcountrylikeUruguay.承担商业和投资仲裁决定的财政负担对任何国家都很艰难，对于乌拉圭这样的小国来说更是如此。第5期:Costscanbecontrolledonlyifphysiciansareconvincedoftheneedandarewillingtoparticipateinprovidingthisvitalservice.只有医护人员能够真正明白这些需求，并愿意参与到提供重大服务上来，价格才能够得到控制。Oneaspectofthiscontrolisattentiontovariouspossiblemeansofhealthcarefinance,控制价格的其中一个方面就是要重视各种卫生保健,includingprepaidplans,preferredproviderorganizationshealthmaintenanceorganizations,andothermanagedcaresystems.包括重点服务计划、优先医疗服务提供者组织、健康维护组织以及其他管理式医疗系统。Allofthesemustbecarefullyexploredwithaviewtomakinghealthcareaccessiblewhereitismostneeded.为了让最需要医疗保障的民众接受到该服务，我们必须对这些系统进行细致地探究。Clearly,multipletoolsandprogramsmaybenecessary,buttheyshouldnotbethrustuponthepatientsimplytosatisfydoctrinesoffreeenterprise.显然，这些措施和项目或许是不可或缺的，但是不能够仅仅是为了满足自由主义的信条而将其强加于病患身上。Toprovidethebesthealthcareinafiniteeconomyweneedsystemsthatprovidesuchcareinthemostefficientway,regardlessofthepaymentscheme.为了在有限的经济体中提供最好的医疗保障，不论支付计划如何，我们需要利用最有效的措施来提供医疗服务Anotheraspectofourcost-controljobistosupportandparticipateinresearchonoutcomes,在这项成本控制工作中，另一个方面就是要参与到对支出的研究上来，aimingtowardsystematicevaluationofcost-effectivenessofthemedicalprocedureswechooseinthelightofalltheinterestsofourpatient.考虑到病患的利益，我们的目的就是要对医疗程序的成本效益进行系统的评估。Forexample,wedonotknowwhytreatmentofprostatichypertrophyismorecommonlymedicalinsomepartsofthenation,surgicalinothers.例如，我们不知道为什么有些地区对会利用内科的方式来治疗前列腺增生，有的地方会利用手术的治疗方式。Whydoestheincidenceofcaesareansectionsvarysowidely?

为什么实施剖腹产的范围会如此之广？Thecostsandbenefitsofcoronaryangioplastyversusbypasssurgeryremainobscure.冠状动脉成形术和心脏搭桥手术的成本和效益仍然不明确。Everyyearbillionsofdollarsarespentasaresultofclinicaldecisionsthatmayhingeontheseorsimilarissues.每年，政府都会在相似的临床问题上花费数十亿美金。Physiciansmustinvolvethemselvesintheprocessesofchangewithaneyefirsttotheindividualpatientandthentosociety.内科医生必须亲身参与到变革的过程中来，这么做首先是为了病患，其次这也有利于社会。1.with

a

view

to

为了要例句：Time

after

time,

he

read

such

sentences

as:“Please

cause

an

investigation

be

made

witha

view

to

ascertaining

the

truth.马弗里克一次又一次看到这样的句子：“敬请以查明事实真相为宗旨，展开一番调查。”2.be

thrust

on

把…强加于例句：Specific

challenges

will

be

thrust

on

Mrs

Clinton

from

Day

1.希拉里从第一天开始就会面临具体的挑战。3.in

the

light

of

根据例句：They

will

adjust

their

bequests

in

the

light

of

yours.他们将根据你的赠予调整自己的遗产分配。4.hinge

on

靠...转动例句：Somewhat

surprisingly,

the

answer

turns

out

to

hinge

on

what

you

mean

by

best

andwhat

you

mean

by

long-run.有些令人惊讶的是，答案取决于在你看来最好的和长期的是一个什么概念。第6期:THOSE

WHO

CARE那些关爱病患的医生"How

can

I

find

a

good

doctor

who

cares

about

me

as

a

person"

如何找到一位拿病患当“人”看的医生？When

speaking

of

caring,

one

has

to

define

specifically

what

is

meant.说到关爱，人们不得不将其明确定义。A

physician

can

diagnose

and

prescribe

in

a

technically

correct

and

scientific

but

insensitiveway

and

the

patient

may

be

made

better

even

cured.医生在确诊病患时能够保证在技术和科学上的准确性，但是却不添加个人感情，患者能够在这种情况下有所好转，或是得到治愈。On

the

other

hand,

when

the

patient

asks

the

question,"Does

my

physician

really

care〃

另一方面，当病人问道：我的医生真的关心我吗？the

patient

means,

Does

it

matter

to

the

physician

what

happens

to

me

病患的意思是：“我的情况对医生来说重要吗？Does

my

doctor

show

sensitivity

and

compassion

beyond

the

mere

technical

qualities

ofmedicine〃

医生是否仅仅超越了技术层面而展现出同情和敏感。It

is

in

this

sense

that

we

address

ourselves

to

the

nature

of

those

who

care.我们正是要从这一层面去了解那些医护人员的本质。It

may

seem

odd

to

talk

about

caring

as

a

skill,

but

in

a

real

sense

it

is

just

that.把关爱当做一种技能来讨论似乎有一些奇怪，但是事实就是这样。Those

involved

in

the

education

of

students

realize

that

at

least

some

forms

of

compassionhave

to

be

learned.那些接受了医学教育的学生意识到他们至少要习得某些形式的同情。The

developing

physician

must

see

such

traits

in

action

in

order

to

acquire

and

apply

them

ininteraction

with

patients

and

their

families.为了在与病患和家属的沟通中获得并应用这种同情，成长中的医生必须将这些特点付诸行动。Sometimes

this

involves

learning

how

to

demonstrate

compassion.有时，这些要涉及到如何展现同情心。Kahlil

Gibran

has

taught

us,"You

give

but

little

when

you

give

of

your

possessionsit

is

whenyou

give

of

yourself

that

you

truly

give."纪伯伦教导过我们：“给予财产算不上给予，只有当你献出自己，那才算是真正的给予。”Giving

of

ourselveswith

ease,

with

grace,

and

with

meaning

is

for

most

of

us

an

acquired

skill.轻松，完美的献出自己，这对于我们大多数人来说是一种习得的技能。Sometimes

it

involves

a

deep

sense

of

reawakening

within

to

bring

out

an

innate

sensitivityand

compassion

that

perhaps

has

not

expressed

itself

since

childhood.有时，这包括内心深处的苏醒，并迸发出自从童年时期就没有表现过的同情和敏感。At

other

times,

learning

to

care

may

involve

a

complete

transformation

of

behavior

andattitudes

toward

people,

particularly

those

who

are

not

from

our

own

cultural

background.在其他时候，学习关爱或许要把对待他人的行为和态度进行全面的改变，特别是对那些拥有不同文化背景的人。Many

believe

that

the

greatest

responsibility

in

medical

education

today

is

to

fostercompassion

within

the

student

of

medicine.许多人相信当今医学教育中最重要的是将同情心渗透到医科大学学生的心中。To

receive

medical

care,

patients

must

trust

their

bodies

and

their

very

lives

to

physicians,

andso

to

be

in

an

honest

position

to

give

medical

care，physicians

must

earn

such

radical

trust.为了获得关爱，病患必须对自己的身体有着足够的信心，并能够将自己的生命交到医生手中，那么医生就完全能够给予关爱，医生必须获得百分百的信任。Mere

technical

treatment

of

disease

does

not

suffice.仅仅是对于疾病的技术治疗是不能够满足的。Patients

must

be

able

reasonably

to

believe

that

their

physicians

care

about

them

in

anextraordinarily

personal

way.病患必须合理地相信，他们的医生从个人层面对他们非常关心。This

exchange

of

care

for

trust,

while

not

identical

to

friendship

or

love,

is

equally

binding.这种用关爱换取信任同样相互关联，这与友情和爱完全不同。From

it

develops

an

interdependence

that

is

far

from

unwholesome

rather,

it

potentiates

careand

promotes

healing.这种造成的相互依赖远远不会对身心造成伤害，反而这会增强关爱，提高治愈率。Our

late

twentieth

century

sophistication

and

technologic

orientation

have

too

often

cost

uswarmth,

humor,

and

humanity,

leaving

us

in

social

isolation.20世纪晚期以复杂和技术为目的的医疗经常让我们失去了温暖、幽默以及仁慈，并让我们被社会所孤立。We

do

far

better

as

professionals

to

err

on

the

side

of

being

human

with

our

patients

than

totry

to

play

deus

ex

machina,

the

god

from

the

machine.作为专业人员，我们对待病人要人性化，这么做即使犯些小错也比扮演冷冰冰的解围之神要好。1.identical

to/with：与…完全相同的例句：His

appearance

was

identical

to

his

mother,

Anyone

could

identify

that

he

was

herson.他的面容和母亲是同样的。任何人都可以识别他是她的儿子。2.in

a

position

to

do

能够作某事例句：The

people

you're

in

a

position

to

do

something

nice

for,

even

if

they've

got

no

abilityto

reciprocate.你能做一些力所能及的事情的人，哪怕他们有没有能力来报答。3.acquired

skill

习得的技能例句：Failing

to

recognize

that

speaking

is

an

acquired

skill.没有认识到演讲是一个可以后天习得的技巧。4.happen

to

发生于例句：Yes,

it

could

happen

to

any

of

us,

but

yesterday

it

happened

to

them.是的，这可能发生在我们任何一个人身上，但是昨天却发生在他们身上了。第7期HE

SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITIES

AND

HUMANISTIC

QUALITIES

OF

"THE

GOODDOCTOR"“好医生”的社会责任和人道主义素质The

patient

says,"Take

charge,

make

me

well,

help

me

feel

comfortable,

show

me

compassionlisten

to

my

problems

and

I

will

give

you

trust."病患称：“负责任，治好病，舒适感，同情心，倾听我的诉求，我将信任你。”Dag

Hammarskjold

reminds

us

of"the

humility

which

comes

from

others

having

faith

in

you".哈马舍尔德提醒我们“要谦虚，谦虚来自于别人对你的信任”。The

natural

outcome

of

this

giving

and

receiving

of

trust

is

that

the

physician

must

acceptsome

degree

of

obligation

to

the

patient.信任别人和得到信任的自然结果是医生必须要承担一些对病患的义务。Of

course,

the

patient,

if

able,

keeps

some

responsibility

for

the

healing

process,

but

thephysician

must

be

willing

to

answer

the

patient's

needs,当然，如果病患可以的话，他们也需要在治疗过程中承担一些责任，但是医生必须愿意满足病患的需求。however

demanding,

however

changing,

however

at

times

unreasonable

or

falsely

perceived.尽管这样的要求过高，变动性较大，有时还会是不合理的，或是不正确的需求。Generalists

in

internal

medicine

undertake

a

long-term

commitment

to

a

patient's

care.内科医生对病患所承担的责任需要持续很长一段时间。They

are

reminded

daily

that

this

commitment

continues

beyond

a

particularly

insightfuldiagnosis

or

the

completion

of

an

endoscopic

procedure；他们每天都会被提醒，这些责任超越了某一类高深的诊断，或是完成一次内镜检查；that

the

patient

still

needs

care

when

the

numbers

are

back

from

the

most

recent

cardiaccatheterization就是当病人完成最常见的心导管插手术，or

when

the

final

stitch

is

completed

in

a

complex

procedure

and

the

patient

is

rolled

from

theoperating

suite.或是完成了复杂手术的最后一针，就算病人从手术室中推出来，他们仍需要呵护。The

internist

continues

to

care

for

and

nurture

the

patient

through

the

whole

process

ofhealing

in

a

way

that

requires

enormous

skill

in

close

personal

interaction.内科医生在全部治疗过程中都会继续对病患进行关爱和呵护，而这种关爱方式需要人际交流中的诸多技能。1.long-term

长期的例句：You

should

also

have

long-term

goals,

not

only

for

your

business

but

for

your

owncareer.同时，你也应该为你的职业生涯设定一个长期的目标，而不仅仅是为了眼前的工作。2.care

for

关心例句：Lily

spent

years

caring

for

her

sick

uncle.莉莉照顾了她生病的叔叔好多年。3.endoscopic

procedure

内镜检查例句：It

is

usually

done

in

the

hospital

or

an

endoscopic

procedure

room.通常结肠镜检查是在医院或专门的内镜检查室内进行。4.internal

medicine

内科例句：The

study

was

published

on

Monday

in

the

Archives

of

Internal

Medicine.这项研究在星期一发表在内科医学档案上。第8期HELP

WITH

FAMILY

INTERACTIONS了解家庭关系The

woman

who

comes

into

her

physician's

office

with

a

history

of

fatigue,listlessness,inability

to

sleep,

and

irritability

may

be

describing

the

early

symptoms

of

amorbid

disease.进入医生办公室的这位女性患者拥有疲劳史，精神萎靡，并患有失眠症和烦躁症，这位病患或许还会描述她疾病的早期症状。She

may,

however,

be

showing

signs

of

depression

secondary

to

her

inability

to

cope

anylonger

with

an

alcoholic

husband,或许，由于她无力应对酗酒的丈夫，with

a

teenage

son

addicted

to

cocaine,or

with

an

elderly

mother

for

whom

she

must

care.吸毒成瘾的孩子，以及她必须要照顾的老母亲而显出抑郁状态。The

wise

physician

considers

organic

pathology

but

also

realizes

that

presenting

symptomsmay

be

only

part

of

what

is

really

troubling

the

patient.睿智的医生认为应该运用器官病理学的方法来治疗，但是医生又意识到目前所展现的症状或许仅仅是烦恼病患的一部分。This

requires

an

unusual

sensitivity

and

an

ability

to

pursue

in

a

cautious,

understanding,andcareful

way

and

to

listen

to

the

concerns

and

needs

the

patient

describes--traits,

again,

thatcan

and

must

be

developed

and

practiced.这就需要医生非常敏感并且能小心谨慎、善解人意、细致入微地去探寻并倾听病人的忧虑和需求,医生的这些能力能够且必须加以完善和实践。The

physician's

role

is

to

help

the

patient

understand

the

connections

between

unpleasantsituations,

emotional

disturbances,

and

organic

symptoms.医生的角色就是要帮助病患了解不良状况、情绪困扰以及身体症状之间的联系。Sometimes

patients

are

helped

simply

by

understanding

those

relationships

and

being

awarethat

the

doctor

appreciates

them

and

reassures,

listens

with

a

sympathetic

ear,

and

seldomadvises

in

a

direct

way,

but

does

express

concern.有时候，帮助病人只需要让他们知道这三者之间的关系并意识到：医生了解他们，愿意安慰和倾听他们，很少直言相劝、却能表达关心之情。In

earlier

days,

when

most

medical

care

was

delivered

at

home,

the

physician

was

quickly

madeaware

of

living

situations

and

family

interactions,if

he

or

she

did

not

already

know

the

entirefamily

and

their

circumstances.早些时候，当时绝大多数医生都会在病人家中进行医护治疗，如果医生并没有完全了解病患的家庭和环境状况，那么医生也会很快察觉到病患的生活状况以及家庭关系。Today

when

the

patient

comes

to

the

office,

generally

alone

and

certainly

out

of

socioeconomiccontext,

it

is

much

more

difficult

to

perceive

what

is

going

on.如今，病患来到医生的办公室，通常病患会独自一人来，完全无法得知病患的社会经济背景，医生就很难做出正确的判断。The

physician

must

exercise

a

much

greater

degree

of

skill

and

understanding

in

exploringfamily

interrelationships

during

a

history

and

physical

examination

or

in

an

even

shorter

visit.通过既往史，体检甚至是通过简短拜访的方式，医生必须要提高他们了解家庭关系的技能。1.addicted

to

上瘾例句：He

became

addicted

to

drugs.

他已吸毒成瘾。2.medical

care

医疗护理例句：So

far,

however,

two

panels

of

government

experts

who

have

looked

at

the

issue

havenot

found

significant

impediments

to

research

or

medical

care

caused

by

gene

patents.

可是到目前为止，关注该案的两个政府专家小组还没有发现基因检测专利制度对医学研究和医疗护理方面明显的障碍。3.physical

examination

体检例句：A

careful

history

and

physical

examination

were

obtained,

but

there

was

no

obviousreason

for

the

patient's

problem.

也得到了一份详细的病史和身体检查，但是没有任何明显的证据表明病人患有该疾病。4.sympathetic

ear

同情心例句：Women

need

a

sympathetic

ear.

女士们需要一位具有同情心的听众。第9期HELP

WITH

OBTAINING

NECESSARY

ADDITIONAL

PROFESSIONAL

SERVICES帮助病患获得必要的额外专业服务The

warm

and

intimate

relationship

that

any

patient

seeks

is

not

one

that

a

typical

patient

canhave

with

many

physicians

at

the

same

time.病患所需要的亲密关系并不是哪位病患能够在同一时间与多位医生所拥有的。The

internist

must

demonstrate

a

variety

of

skills,

attitudes,

and

abilities

and

a

store

ofdiverse

information

that

allows

him

or

her

to

be

the

patient's

health

care

manager

as

well

as

hisconfidant,

keeping

in

mind

that

the

average

patient

does

not

understand

the

system

ofmedical

referrals

for

subspecialty

consultation.内科医生必须具有各种技能、观点、能力和丰富的信息。这会让他们既成为病人健康的管理者也成为患者的知心人。他们还要时刻牢记，普通病人对分科就诊和转诊这套制度并不了解。An

oncologist/internist