英语句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分讲解及练习英语句子成分讲解及练习英语句子成分讲解及练习xxx公司英语句子成分讲解及练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1.主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（todo/doing),主语从句充当。Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）Helikesdancing.

（代词）Fiveandfourisnine.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.Thepolicewilllookintothecase.（复合谓语）Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Heiscookinginthekitchen.Shecalledmelastnight.Tomcanswim.3.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。Heisateacher.

（名词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.

（形容词）Hisfatherisin.

（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.

(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容词化的分词）Herdreamistobealawyer.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

（表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be;表感官的系动词sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）;表保持的系动词remain（保持，仍是）,

keep,stay;表变化的系动词turn,get,become,go;表终止的系动词turnout(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.Treesturngreeninspring.Herplanturnsoutasuccess.4.宾语：可以由名词(短语)，代词(短语)，数词(短语)，动名词(doing),不定式(todo)和宾语从句充当。1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravelinginChina.Hespentfivedollarsonthisbook.Shegoestoschoolonfoot.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.常见的双宾语及物动词：give,show,teach,lend,send,tell,buy等。5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(todo)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)充当。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。(注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语)Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词（短语），介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，不定式和定语从句充当。Tomisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.

（数词）Hewantstoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.

（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。可以由形容词，名词，副词，介词短语和句子充当。Iwillgotheretomorrow.(there地点状语;tomorrow时间状语)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.(地点状语)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.（原因状语）HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.（hard程度状语；tolearn...目的状语）Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.（hard程度状语;sothat结果状语）Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.（程度状语）Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.（条件状语）Hegoestoschoolbybike.（方式状语）Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（让步状语）9.同位语(apposition)：补充说明或解释其前面的名词或代词。可以由名词(短语)，反身代词和从句充当。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.（名词）YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.（名词）HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.（反身代词）Imyselfagreetotheplan.（反身代词）Thenewsthathewonthematchexcitedhisparents.（从句）Wordhascomethatmorehighschoolgraduatewillbeadmittedintocollege.（从句）综合练习（一）找出下列句子的主语，同时判断其结构：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.7.Toteachhisalessonseemsquitenecessary.8.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.9.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.10.Thathewontheprizeexitedeveryone.（二）找出下列句子的谓语，同时判断其结构：1.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Wearestudents.5.Yououghttoworkharder.6.Tomlosthiswatchyesterday.（三）找出下列句子的表语，同时判断其结构：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican. 2.Theweatherhasturnedcold.3.Thefoodtastesgood.4.Shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.5.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.6.Thewholeclassgotexitedatthegoodnews.（四）找出下列句子的宾语，同时判断其结构：1.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.2.Tomlikesswimming.3.Hepretendednottoseeme.4.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.5.Ifinditimpossibletobelievehimanylonger.6.Theybelieveitstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.（五）找出下列句子的宾语补足语，同时判断其结构：1.HisfathernamedhimJohn.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.5.Isawhimenterthelibrary.6.Don’tleavethewaterrunning.7.Ifoundhimoutlastnight.（六）找出下列句子的定语，同时判断其结构：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.4.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.5.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.6.Heisthemanwhosavedyourlife.（七）找出下列句子的状语，同时判断其结构：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane. 4.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.5.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.6.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.7.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.8.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(八）下列句子的同位语，同时判断其结构。Tom,mylittlebrother,likesreadingnovels.Hehimselfmadeamistake.MyfriendAmylovesdancing.Heputforwardaproposalthatweshouldtakethesubwaythere.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Theythemselveslackmoney.（九）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Theapplestastedsweet.8.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.10.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.11.He