MT检测中英对照操作规程

Wereserveallrightsinthisdocumentandintheinformationcontainedtherein.Reproduction,useordisclosuretothirdpartieswithoutexpressauthorityisstrictlyforbidden.Copyright?ABBAlstomPowerLtd2000Wereserveallrightsinthisdocumentandintheinformationcontainedtherein.Reproduction,useordisclosuretothirdpartieswithoutexpressauthorityisstrictlyforbidden.Copyright?ABBAlstomPowerLtd2000KWE-IS40524132AP1ABBALSTOMPOWEr"^ABBAlstomPowerHTWT600040Responsibledepartment Takeoverdepartment Revision Doc.-iype. Fileno.：HGE - PAPrepared: Checked Approved Language 03-31Th.Ebner 00-03-31R.Schibli 00-03-31M.Foerster en 1/6Validfor: Derivedfrom Replaces DatasetHG new HTWT_600040_0.DOCTestInstruction 试验指导MagneticParticleInspectionofweldsaccordingASMEregulations 焊缝磁粉探伤Text PA-Welds Document-No. HTWT600040Content: 目录1AreaofApplication 应用范围12Scope范围13ReferenceDocuments 参考文件24GeneralExaminationRequirements 通用检验要求24.1Personnelqualification 人员资格24.2Surfacecondition 表面状态25ExtendingofSpotCheck 抽检的比例增加26MethodofTesting 试验方法27TypeofMagnetization,EquipmentandMaterials磁化类型、设备、材料28ExaminationCoverage 检验覆盖度39PreparationandCleaningofAreastobetested被检验区域的准备和清洁310Technique 技术310.1YokeTechnique磁轭技术310.2ProdTechnique触头技术411Performanee 性能412EvaluationofIndications 磁痕评定513AcceptaneeStandards 验收标准514RepairofDefects 缺陷修补515CalibrationEquipment 校准设备516PostExaminationCleaning 检验后的清洁617Review审查618Report报告619StorageandDistribution 储存及分发6AreaofApplicationThisprocedureistobeusedformagneticparticleexamination(MT)ofweldingjointswhenASMECodeappliesorisspecifiedasreferenee.本程序适用于应用 ASME规范或以ASME规范为参考的焊缝磁粉探伤。Scope范围Thisprocedureoutlinestheinspection methodandacceptanee standardfordetectingflawsanddiscontinuitiesinweldsandbasemetalofferromagneticmaterialbymagneticparticleexamination.本磁粉探伤程序包括磁粉探伤法检验焊缝和铁磁材料制成的母材中的缺陷和不连续性的检验方法及验收标准。RevisionLanguagePageABBALSTOMpawfr"en2/6HTWT600040ReferenceDocuments 参考文件-ASMEV,Art.7(1995),-ASMEVIII,Div.1,App.6(1995),-ASNTSNT-TC1A1992edition.GeneralExaminationRequirements 通用检验要求Personnelqualification人员资格MPIIasperSGZP,M2asperDGZfP,MT2asperEN473,LevelIIasperSNT-TC-1A.OtherqualificationsmustbeapprovedbyABB. 其他等级资格必须获得 ABB的批准SurfaceconditionThesurfacequalitymustbeinamatterthatthereisnonegativeinflueneeontheinspection.表面状态应不影响检验。Thesurfaceoftheweldandthenearbysurfaceupto25mm(1in.)shallbecleanandfreefromspatters,loosescale,excessiverustanddirt. 焊缝表面及周围 25mm(1in.)的区域应干净无飞溅物、疏松的氧化皮和过多的锈蚀和灰尘。ExtendingofSpotCheck抽检比例的增加Ifonlyspotchecksarerequiredaccordingthedrawingfollowingincreaseofthescopeofexaminationarerequiredifoneormoreinadmissibledefectsaredetected:如果图纸上仅要求做抽检，则在检查岀一处或多处超标缺陷后应按照下述要求增加抽检的比例：Spotcheck抽检%102025501st增加抽检比例%2040501002nd增加抽检比例%401001003rd增加抽检比例%100Shouldinadmissibledefectsbedetectedduringspotchecks,the1 st,2ndor3rdbecomesintoeffectuntilthelastextensiontestindicatesnoinadmissibledefects.如抽检中发现超标缺陷，应按照1st,2nd,3rd增加抽检比例直到未发现超标缺陷为止。MethodofTesting 试验方法Themagneticparticleexaminationshallbedonebythecontinuousmethodandwetmethod,meansthemagnetizingcurrentremainsonwhiletheexaminationmediumisbeingappliedandwhileexcessoftheexaminationmediumrunsoff.Inprinciple,thismethodinvolvesmagnetizinganareatobeexamined,andapplyingferromagneticparticleswithinafluidcarrier(theexaminationmedium)tothesurface.Theparticleswillformpatternsonthesurfacewherecracksandotherdiscontinuitiescausedistortioninthenormalmagneticfield.应用湿法连续技术进行磁粉检验，这意味着在施加检验介质和多余的检验介质流掉的过程中磁化电流一直不间断。其原理是使被检验区域磁化，并将载液(检验介质)中的铁磁性粉末施加到此区域的表面上，此时表面上有裂缝及其他不连续性的地方因使正常磁场产生畸变而使磁粉构成一定的图形。TheusageofdrymagneticpowdermustbeapprovedbyABBAlstomPower.干磁粉的使用应获得 ABBAlstomPower的批准。TypeofMagnetization,EquipmentandMaterials 磁化类型、设备和材料-Yokemagnetizationormagnetizationusingprodsshallbeusedfordetectingdiscontinuities.应采用磁轭磁化或触头磁化法检测不连续性。-Themagnetizingequipmentshallbeeithera 磁化设备可以是：-C-shapedelectromagnetyoke,whichinduceamagneticfieldbetweenthepoles(legs)andisusedforlocalmagnetization. Theyokemayhavearticulatedlegstoallowtobeadjustedtocontactirregularsurfacesortwosurfacesthatjoinatanangle.and/orC字形的电磁铁磁轭，载两个极头(触头)间感生磁场，并用作局部磁化。磁轭可能有活络关节的头子(极)，以有利于与圆弧 形表面或有一定夹角的两个表面的接触良好。和 /或RevisionLanguagePageABBALSTOMpawfr"en3/6HTWT600040-Prodsincludingpower transformer.Theprodtipsshouldbealuminum,copper braidorcopperpads.Open-circuitvoltageshouldnotexceed25V.触棒。触棒触头应是铝、铜编织物或铜极板。开路电压不超过 25Vo-Themagnetizingforceofayoke(createdbyAC,half-waverectifiedACorfull-waverectifiedAC)shallbetestedasperparagraph15herein. —个磁轭的磁化力(由AC,半波整流AC或全波整流AC产生的)应按照第15段进行测试。-Themagneticstrengthoftheprodmagnetizingshouldbeadjustedaccordingparagraph15.herein.触棒磁化的磁化强度应按照第 15段进行调整。-Themagneticparticlesshouldbesuchthatmaximumcontrastisobtainedbetweenindicationandbackground.Both,coloredandfluorescentmagneticparticlesareadmissible.Toimprovethecontrastbetweenmagneticparticleandsurfaceitisallowedtouseasuitablewhitebackgroundcolor.Herebythethicknessmaynotexceed40 -E。磁粉应使磁痕和背景的对比达到最大。彩色磁粉和荧光磁粉都可以用。为了提高磁粉和表面的对比，可以使用合适的白色背景。此时厚度可能不超过 40-im。-Eitheroilorwatercanbeusedasliquidvehicle.Ifoilisused,thisshouldbealightpetroleumdistillate.Theoilmustbeeasytoremoveandshouldbenotleaveanyundesirableresiduescolor.Ifwaterisusedastheliquidvehicle,itmustbeensuredthatthesurfaceisproperlywettedandprotectedagainstcorrosion.Thetestmediumshallbepreparedaccordingtheinstructionofthemanufacturer.可以采用油载液或水载液。如果采用油载液， 油载液应是石油馏岀物， 应容易被擦掉并不留下任何不允许的颜色。如果采用水载液，则应保证将表面正确打湿并不使表面产生腐蚀。应按照制造商的要求准备试验介质。ExaminationCoverage 检验覆盖度Theareastobetestedandtheextentoftestbythemagneticparticlemethodarespecifiedonthedrawings.要检验的区域和用磁粉探伤的范围见图纸。Ifnoareasarespecifiedonthedrawing100%oftheweldsurfaceplus25mm(1in.)ofadjacentmaterialshallbeinspected. 如图纸上未注明要检验的区域，则 100%的焊缝表面和25mm(1in.)的临近材料都应检验。PreparationandCleaningofAreastobetested 检验区域的准备和清洁Allsurfacestobeexaminedandadjacentareas.shallbesmoothandcleanofallrust,scale,flux,weldspatter,oil,greaseandothercontaminantsthatcouldobscuresurfaceopeningsorotherwiseinterferewiththeexamination.Itshallnotbenecessarytogrindormachineareasunlessirregularitieswillmasktheindicationofdefects. 被检验的表面及临近区域内应是平滑、干净无锈蚀、氧化皮、焊剂、焊接飞溅物、油、油脂和其他可能堵塞表面开孔的污染物或妨碍检验的污染物。除非不连续性会遮盖缺陷显示时才要打磨或加工表面。Immediatelypriortoexamination,allareastobetestedshallbethoroughlycleanedbywipingwithalintfreecleanclothsaturatedwithacetoneandthoroughlydriedbyremovingtheexcesswithalintfreecleancloth,andallowingtheremaindertoevaporateforaminimumoffive(5)minutesbeforeanypenetrantisapplied. 在检验之前，所有被检验区域应用不起毛、浸有丙酮的干净布彻底擦干净，并用不起毛的干净布将多余的磁粉彻底擦干，在施加渗透剂之前让剩下的磁粉至少蒸发 5分钟。Shouldthetimespanbetweencleaningandexaminationexceedthree(3)hours,theareashallberecleanedinaccordaneewithstepb). 如果清洁和检验相隔的时间超过 3个小时，则应按照步骤 b)重新做清洁。Technique技术10.1 YokeTechnique磁轭技术Magnetizationisaccomplishedbyaportableyoke.Thelegsofyokeshallbeincontactwithsurfaceofexaminedareaandthelegspacingshallnotexceedthemaximumusedforcalibration(seepara.15).由一个便携式磁轭将被检验区磁化。磁轭的触头与被检验区的表面接触，触头间距应不超过校准时的最大间距(见第15段)。Aremotecontrolswitchbuiltintotheyokehandleshallbeusedtoturnthemagnetizingcurrentonaftertheyokehasbeenproperlypositioned.Thecurrentshallhe ”on”forapproximate4seconds.将磁轭正确就位后应用磁轭手柄中内装的遥控开关接通磁化电流。磁化电流应持续 4秒左右。Theyokeproducesalocallongitudinalmagnetizationinthedirectionofleg'scontactlocationtothesurface.Discontinuitiesorientedperpendiculartothismagneticfieldwillbepreferablydetected.RevisionLanguagePageABBALSTOMpawfr"en4/6HTWT600040磁轭在触头与表面相接触的位置产生局部纵向磁化。与此磁场垂直的不连续性将会更好地检查出来。Numberofmagnetizationshallbeatleasttwoseparateexaminationsoneacharea.Duringthesecondexamination,thelinesofmagneticfluxshallbeapproximatelyperpendiculartothoseusedduringthefirstexamination.各区域至少应分别进行两次检验，第二次检验时的磁力线方向应与第一次检验时的磁力线方向近似垂直。ProdTechnique 触头技术Themagnetizingcurrentispassedthroughtheprodsandintotheareaofthepartincontactwiththeprods.Thisestablishesacircularmagneticfieldinthepartaroundandbetweeneachprodelectrode.磁化电流通过触头并进入与触头接触的部位。这样就在每个触头极的周围和之间的部位形成环形磁场。Aremotecontrolswitchmaybebuiltintotheprodhandlesshouldbeprovidedtopermitthecurrenttobeturnedonwhentheprodsareplacedonthesurfaceandoffbeforeremovingthem.将触头就位后用触头手柄中内装的遥控开关接通磁化电流，将触头移开前用触头手柄中内装的遥控开关切断磁化电流Extremecareshouldbetakentomaintaincleanprodtipstominimizeheatingatthecontactpoints.Arcburnsandlocaloverheatinghavetobepreventedduetopossibleadverseeffectsonmaterialproperties.Itisnotallowedusingprodsonornearmachinedsurfacesorclosetopaintedsurfaces.触头尖端应保持清洁以减少接触位置处的热量。应避免产生电弧灼伤和局部过热现象，因为这些现象会对材料的性能产生负作用。不允许将锄头放在靠近机加工面处或靠近刷漆面处。Numberofmagnetizationshallbeatleasttwoseparateexaminationsoneacharea.Duringthesecondexamination,thelinesofcurrentfluxshallbeapproximatelyperpendiculartothoseusedduringthefirstexamination.各区域至少应分别进行两次检验，第二次检验时的磁力线方向应与第一次检验时的磁力线方向近似垂直。Amagnetizingcurrentof90to110Aper25mm(1in.)prod-distaneeisrecommended.Prodspacingshouldnotexceed200mmandnotlessthan75mm(3in.)IfaHalleffectprobeisusedfordeterminationofthefieldstrength(seeparagraph15),itshallbeplacedonthesurfacemidwaybetweentheprods.每触头间距25mm(1in.)的磁化电流建议为 90~110A。触头间距不应超过 200mm，不应小于75mm(3in.)o如果用霍尔效应探头测量磁场强度(见第15段)则应将探头放在触头的中间位置处。Performanee 性能Accordingtherequiredpracticeforcontinuousmethodthemagnetizationcurrentisappliedaslongasthesuspensionisbeingappliedanduntiltheexcesshasrunoff. 根据连续磁化技术的实践，在施加悬浮物和多余的悬浮物流掉的过程中磁化电流应一直不间断。Inordertorecognize thebroad,fuzzy,lightlyheldmagneticparticleproducedbysubsurfacediscontinuities,itisessentialtoobservecarefullytheformationof indicationswhilethesuspensionisbeingapplied,andalsowhiletheexcessrunsoff.Adequatelightingshallbeprovidedforeasyobservationoftheindications. 为了辨认由表面下不连续性产生的宽的、模糊的、轻轻吸附的磁粉，在施加悬浮物和多余的悬浮物流掉的过程中应仔细观察磁痕的形成。应提供足够的照明以观察磁痕。Depending onthetypeofmagneticparticleused,followingrequirementsreferringilluminationandintensityofblacklighthavetobefulfilled: 对于不同的磁粉，应满足下述有关照明和黑光灯强度的要求：coloredmagneticparticle 彩色磁粉：min500lx(recommended:1000lx)fluorescentmagneticparticle 荧光磁粉:max20lxand1000 ■'W/cmIfdrypowderisused(approvalrequired,seeparagraph6)applythepowderaftertheareatobeexaminedismagnetizedbylightlydustingasmallquantityoverthesurfaceandthenremovingtheexcesswithagentleairstream.Theairstreamshallbesocontrolledthatitdoesnotdisturborremovelightlyheldpowder.如使用的是干磁粉(应获得批准，见第 6段)，则当零件被磁化后，将干粉以一种轻而均匀的粉末状态铺展到被检零件的表面上，多余的干磁粉用轻柔的空气流吹掉。应控制气流以免破坏或吹掉轻轻吸附的磁粉。Themaximumtemperaturefortheinspectionislimitedbythemanufacturer ofthemagneticparticleand/ortheappropriatesuspensionused.Iftheinspectiontemperatureexceeds50 Cforwetmethodor100°Cfordrymethodamanufacture'scertificateforthetemperaturelimitationofhisproductisrequired.RevisionLanguagePageABBALSTOMpawfr"en5/6HTWT600040检验的最高温度由磁粉的制造商和 /或所用的适当悬浮物而确定。如果湿粉法探伤的温度超过 50。C或干粉法探伤的温度超过 100。C，则制造商应提供其温度限制证明。EvaluationofIndications 磁痕评定Mechanicaldiscontinuitiesatthesurfacewillbeindicatedbytheretentionoftheexaminationmedium.Allindicationsarenotnecessarilydefects,however,sinceexcessivesurfaceroughness, certainmetallurgicaldiscontinuitiesandmagneticpermeabilityvariationsmayproducesimilarindicationswhicharenotrelevanttothedetectionofunacceptablediscontinuities.表面的机械不连续性将通过滞留的检验介质显示岀来。但是，不是所有的磁痕都一定是缺陷，因为表面过分粗糙、某些冶金不连续和磁导率的变化等都可能产生类似的但不是不合格不连续性的磁痕。Anyindicationabovetheacceptaneelevelofparagraph13,whichisbelievedtobenon-relevantshallberegardedasadefectandshallbereexaminedbythesamenondestructiveexaminationmethodtoverifywhetherornotactualdefectsarepresent.Surfaceconditioningmayprecedethereexamination.Afteranindicationhasbeenverifiedtobenon-relevant,itisnotnecessarytoreinvestigaterepetitivenonrelevantindicationsofthesametype.Non-relevantindicationsthatwouldmaskindicationofdefectsareunacceptable.任何不符合第13段所说的验收标准的要求的但被认为是不计为缺陷的磁痕都应被视作是缺陷，并用同一方法再检验和证明是否存在真正的缺陷。当一个磁痕被证明是不计为缺陷的磁痕后就没有必要对其他同类型的不相关磁痕再进行检验。可能遮盖缺陷的不计为缺陷的磁痕是不合格的。Relevantindicationsareindicationswhichresultfromunacceptablemechanicaldiscontinuities.Linearindicationsareindicationsinwhichthelengthismorethanthreetimesthewidth.Roundedindicationsareindicationswhicharecircularorellipticalwiththelengthlessthanthreetimesthewidth.相关显示是由不合格机械不连续性引起的。线性磁痕是指长度大于宽度三倍的磁痕。圆形磁痕是指长度等于或小于宽度三倍的圆形或椭圆形磁痕。Anindicationistheevidenceofamechanicalimperfection.Onlyindicationswhichhaveanydimensiongreaterthan1.6mm(1/16in.)shallbeconsideredrelevant 。磁痕是机械缺陷的证据。只有尺寸大于 1.6mm(1/16in.)的磁痕才是相关磁痕。AcceptanceStandards 验收标准Theseacceptancestandardsshallapplyunlessothermorerestrictivestandardsarespecifiedforspecificmaterialsorapplicationswithinthisdivision 除对本版本范围内的特殊材料或应用更严格的标准规定外，都应米用这些验收标准。Allsurfacestobeexaminedshallbefreeof: 所有被检验的表面不应有：-relevantlinearindications, 算做缺陷的线性磁痕。-relevantroundedindicationsgreaterthan4.8mm(3/16in.), 大于4.8mm(3/16in.的算做缺陷的圆形磁痕fourormorerelevantroundedindicationsinalineseparatedby1.6mm(1/16in.),orless,edgetoedge,在同一直线上有4个或更多个等于或小于 1.6mm(1/16in.)(边缘至边缘)的算做缺陷的圆形磁痕anindicationofanimperfectionmaybelargerthantheimperfectionthatcausesit;however,thesizeoftheindicationisthebasisforacceptanceevaluation.缺陷的磁痕可能大于引起磁痕的缺陷，然而磁痕的尺寸是验收评定的基础。RepairofDefects缺陷的修补Repairofdefectsshallbemadeinaccordancetoanapprovedrepairprocedure.应按照批准的修补程序修补缺陷。CalibrationEquipment 校准设备Themagnetizingequipmentshallbecalibratedatleastonceayear,or whenevertheequipmenthasbeensubjectedtomajorelectricalrepair,periodicoverhaulordamage.Ifequipmenthasnotbeeninuseforayearormore,calibrationshallbedonepriortofirstuse. 磁化设备至少每年校验一次。每次进行磁化设备的大型电气修理，周期大修或损坏时应校验磁化设备，如果磁化设备已一年或一年以上没有使用过，第一次使用前应校验设备。RevisionLanguagePageABBALSTOMpawfr"en6/6HTWT600040Eachalternatingcurrent(AC)electromagneticyokeshallhavealiftingpowerofatleastatthemaximumpolespacingused.当使用磁轭最大间距时，每个交流电磁磁轭至少应有 45N(10Lbs)的提升力。Eachweightshallbeweighedwithacalibratedscale. 加载的每一个称重应用一校准称称量。InsteadoftestingtheliftingpoweritisalsoacommonpracticetomeasurethetangentialfieldstrengthbyaHalleffectprobe/sensor.Forthemeasurementofthefieldstrengththemanufacture 'sinstructioshouldbefollowcarefully. 除了测试提升力，用霍尔