人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-unit5复习资料

人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-unit5复习资料人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-unit5复习资料人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-unit5复习资料资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-unit5复习资料版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：希望教育人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-5复习资料Unit1What’sthematter?动词短语:getanX-ray照X光seeadentist看牙医=gotoadentisttakeone’stemperature量体温putsomemedicineonit上药takebreaks=takeabreak=havearest休息一下liedown躺下gotoadoctor看医生inthesameway以同样的方式hurtoneself伤着自己toone’ssurprise另某人吃惊的是getintotrouble陷入困境,惹麻烦falldown倒塌,跌倒lookup查阅,查字典writedown写下,记下inadangeroussituation在危险的情况下byoneself独自,亲自cutoff切断climbdown爬下询问某人的健康问题以及遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:提建议:shoulddo/shouldn’tdo应该/不应该干某事What’sthematter(withsb)/What’swrong(withsb)/Whathappened(tosb)What’sthetrouble(withsb)/What’stheproblem(withsb)/AreyouOK/Isthereanythingwrongwithsb?表达身体疼痛或不舒服:sbhave/hasafever(cold,cough,theflu)sbhave/hasa..—ache(headache,toothache,stomachache,backache,anearache)sbhave/hasasorethroat(back,arm,foot,eyes)Thereissomethingwrongwithone’s+身体部位Idon’tfeelwell.(这里的well是形容词,健康的)Let’s+动词原形./What(How)aboutdoingsth/Whynot(Whydon’tyou)do

You’dbetterdo/You’dbetternotdo最好干某事/最好不要干某事toomuch+不可数名词:toomuchhomework动词+toomuch:talktoomuchtoomany+可数名词复数:toomanystudentsmuchtoo+adj/adv:muchtootiredhotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶(这里的with是后置定语,修饰tea)awayfrom:远离Stayawayfromfire.远离火A地离B地的具体距离具体的距离+awayfrom:Myhomeis500metersawayfrommyschool.Farfrom:A地离B地很远Myhomeisfarfrommyschool.(具体多远不知道)lie动词,躺、位于,过去式lay,过去分词lain,现在分词lying动词,说谎,过去式lied,过去分词lied,现在分词lying名词,谎言tellalie=telllies说谎lay动词,下蛋,产卵,放置,过去式laid,过去分词laid,现在分词layingseesbdoingsth看见某人正在干某事seesbdosth看见某人干某事的全过程shoutforhelp大声呼救shoutatsb对某人大喊大叫shouttosb对某人大声说话withoutthinkingtwice毫不犹豫,不假思索geton上车getoff下车(大型交通工具)getinto/getoutof(电梯、出租车等小型交通工具)expectsbtodosth期待某人干某事expectsbnottodosth期待某人不要干某事agreetodosth同意干某事thanksto多亏了,幸亏=becauseof=withthehelpofintime及时ontime按时,准时rightaway=rightnow=atonce立即马上thinkof想起,认为thinkabout考虑thinkaboutdoingsth考虑干某事thinkover仔细考虑hitsbin/on+身体部位(软的部位用in,硬的部位用on)runitunderwater用水冲洗putabandageonit用绷带包扎Knivesareusedtocutthings.havetrouble(in)doingsth=haveproblems/difficulty(in)doingsth干某事有麻烦/问题/困难havetroublewithsth=haveproblemswithsth=havedifficultywithsth在某方面有困难be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于干某事Iamusedtogettingupearly.我习惯了早起usedtodosth过去常常干某事(暗示现在不干了)Iusedtogetupearly.(暗示现在不早起)beusedtodosth被用来干某事(是由usesthtodosth变为被动语态而来)takearisk=takerisks冒险risk用作动词:risk+n/代/doingsthEg:Iamwillingtorisklosingeverything.runout用完,耗尽,物作主语,即sthrunout:Mymoneyranoutsoon.runoutof用完,耗尽,=useup人作主语,即sbrunoutofsth:Iranoutofmymoneysoon.bereadytodosth=getreadytodosth准备好干某事bereadyforsth=getreadyforsth为…做好准备theimportanceof+n/代/doingsth…的重要性theimportanceofwater水的重要性theimportanceofreadingbooks读书的重要性makedecisions作决定makedecisionstodosth作决定干某事=decidetodosthbeincontrolof掌管,管理Youshouldbeincontrolofyourownlife.beoutofcontrol失去控制thesameas和…一样die动词,died过去式dying现在分词,可作形容词,垂死的dead形容词,死亡的,death名词,死亡keepondoingsth坚持干某事giveup动副短语,代词放中间,用宾格:giveit/themupgiveupdoingsth放弃干某事=stopdoingsthUnit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.动词短语:1.动词+介词:lookat,listento,lookafter(to,at,in,after,for,of,from,across,with,through)2.动词+副词:pickup,takeout,giveaway(on,off,up,down,out,away,)代词作宾语,放中间,用宾格。3.动词+名词+介词:takecareof,takepartin4.系动词+形容词+介词:beangrywith,bedifferentfrom5.动词+副词+介词:lookforwardto,catchupwithput:puton穿上,上演;putoff推迟,延期;putup举起,张贴,搭建;putdown放下putout扑灭,熄灭;putaway收起来,收好6.come:comefrom来自;comeon快点,加油;comein进来;comeupwith想出,想起comeout出来,出版,放映;comeover过来,顺便来访7.look:lookat看着lookafter照看,照顾;lookout当心;looklike看起来像;lookup查阅lookforwardto期待,盼望8.turn:turnon打开;turnoff关掉;turnup声音调大点;turndown声音调小点;9.cut:cutup切碎;cutdown砍伐;cutoff切断;cutinto切成10.take:takeafter相像;takeoff脱下,起飞;takepartin参加;takecareof照顾,照料takeout拿出,取出11.cleanup打扫干净;cheerup振作起来,使高兴起来;setup建立;12.helpout帮助解决难题;workout解答出来,计算出,效果好;giveout=handout分发,散发;tryout试验,参加…的选拔;13.dressup打扮,乔装打扮makeup编造;giveup放弃callup=ringup打电话pickup捡起,开车接某人,growup长大;14.giveaway赠送;putoffdoingsth推迟干某事comeupwith=thinkup想出putupsigns张贴标语clean-up名词清洁catchupwith追上,赶上raisemoney筹集资金raisemoneyfor为…筹集资金inone’sfreetime在某人的空闲时间fixup修理,装饰givein屈服answerthetelephone接电话beexcitedabout对…感到激动、兴奋usedtodosth过去常常干某事(暗示现在不干了)Iusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.Ididn’tusetoplaybasketballafterschool.或Iusedn’ttoplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑问句：Didyouusetoplaybasketballafterschool.或Usedyoutoplaybasketballafterschool.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.或Yes,Iused./No,Iusedn’t.特殊疑问句：Whatdidyouusetodo或Whatusedyoutodousedtobe过去是(现在不是了)Iusedtobeastudent.(现在不是学生了)carefor照顾,照料,用于肯定句=lookafter=takecareof非常喜欢,用于否定句Idon’tcareforgreentea.lonely&alonelonely形容词,孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的,有强烈的感情色彩,可作表语,如:Ifeellonely.可作定语,alonelyisland一座孤岛alone副词,修饰动词,如:livealone独自生活;也可以用作形容词,但只能作表语,无感情色彩,强调独自,一个人,如:Iwasaloneathome.so&suchso强调形容词或副词,such强调名词such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数:suchacleverboy=theboyissocleverafeelingofsatisfaction一种满足感satisfaction名词,满足,满意;satisfy动词satisfysb使某人满意Myanswerdidn’tsatisfyher.satisfied形容词,满意的besatisfiedwith对…满意Iamsatisfiedwithyourgift.theownerof…的主人:Whoistheownerofthiscar?attheageof…=whensbwas…yearsoldIcouldwriteattheageoffive.=IcouldwritewhenIwasfiveyearsold.tryoutfor参加...的选拔Fiftyboyscametotryoutforthebasketballteam.tryout试验Theyaretryingoutanewteachingmethod.他们正在试验新的教学方法。goonajourney=goonatrip去旅行(journey指长途旅行,trip指短途旅行travel指长时间,远距离的旅行,尤指出国旅行)bebusywithsth=bebusydoingsth忙于干某事打电话的表达:callsb=ringsb=callsbup=ringsbup=givesbacall=phonesbraise举起=putup:raiseyourrighthand=putupyourrighthand提高Don’traiseyourvoiceatme.养育Heraisedalargefamily.todo不定式的用法:1.宾语:want/hope/decide/wish/like/plan/try/expecttodosth2.宾语补足语:want/wish/expect/help/asksbtodosth3.主语:Ittakessbsometimetodosth/It’s+adj+forsbtodosth/Toseeistobelieve.4.表语:一般在系动词的后面:Toseeistobelieve.5.状语:目的状语:Igetupearlytocatchtheearlybus.原因状语:I’mgladtoseeyou.结果状语:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.后置定语:Thebestwaytorelaxisthroughexercise.break过去式是broke过去分词broken,broken也可作形容词,损坏的,残缺的writetosb=writealettertosb写信给某人hearfromsb=get/receivealetterfromsb收到某人的来信thankyoufordoingsth=thanksfordoingsth谢谢你干某事make/find/thinkit+adjforsbtodosth在这个结构中,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是todosth使干某事对于某人来说是…的/发现干某事对于某人来说是…的/认为干某事对于某人来说是…的IfinditdifficultformetolearnEnglishwell.makea(big/great)differencetosb/sth对某人或某物产生了(巨大的)影响Theaccidentmadeabigdifferencetohislife.makenodifferencetosb/sth对某人或某物没有影响Itmadenodifferencetome.imagine+n/代/doingsthIcan’timaginelivingwithoutcleanwater.imagine+宾语从句Imaginethatyouareinspace.difficulty:具体的概念,困难,难题,难事,可数名词,复数difficulties抽象的困难,不可数:havedifficulty(in)doingsthtrain:名词,火车动词,培训,训练trainsb/sthtodosth训练某人或某物干某事trainsb/sthin在…方面训练某人training名词培训,训练sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把…寄给/送给某人beinterestedin=takeaninterestin对…感兴趣(interest作为名词,可数,复数interests)擅长dowellin=begoodat=bestronginworkoutfine效果显著Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?dothedishes洗碗sweepthefloor扫地takeouttherubbish倒垃圾makethebed整理床铺foldtheclothes叠衣服cleanthelivingroom打扫客厅getaride搭便车givesbaride让某人搭便车stayoutlate深夜不归gooutfordinner外出吃饭takeout拿出,取出workon从事finishdoingsth完成干某事anyminutenow=anymomentnow=anytimenow随时,马上solvetheproblem解决问题answerthequestion回答问题comeover过来,顺便来访as+adj/advaspossible尽可能….allthetime一直,频繁,反复insurprise吃惊地,好奇地hangout闲逛lookthrough浏览pickup捡起,开车接某人takeanactivepartin积极参加playapart(role)in(doing)sth参与到做某事提出礼貌请求的句型:Couldyou(please)dosth?肯定回答:Yes,sure./Certainly/Ofcourseproblem/Allright/OK等。否定回答:No,Ican’t./Sorry,Ican’t./I’mafraidIcan’t等否定结构是:Couldyoupleasenotdosth?请求对方许可的句型:CouldI/wedosth(不用Please)肯定答:Yes,youcan.否定答:No,youcan’t.twohoursofTVisenough时间,距离,金钱,度量作主语,常看作一个整体,谓语动词用三单形式如:Twentyyearsisalongtime.beangrywithsb生某人的气beangryat/aboutsth因某事而生气throw扔,掷,动词,过去式是threwthrowdown扔下throwat向…扔(有恶意)throwsthtosb=throwsbsth扔给某人某物throwaway扔掉throwabout到处乱扔Don’tthrowaboutrubbish.theminute=themoment=assoonas一…就….,引导时间状语从句,注意“主将从现”Iwillmeethertheminuteshegetsofftheplane.Pleasecallmeassoonasyouarrivethere.as+形容词或副词原级+as和..一样notas…as/notso…as不如,不及Englishisasimportantasmath.英语和数学一样重要Englishisnotasimportantasmath.英语不如数学重要neither两者都不,是both反义词,作为代词,常和介词of连用,neitherof后面的名词常为复数,但谓语动词用三单形式(在一些非正式的情况下,也会用复数)NeitheroftheparentsknowsEnglish.neitherAnorB既不…也不…连接两个名词做主语,就近原则:NeitherhenorIamright.适用就近原则的有:NeitherAnorB;eitherAorB;NotonlyAbutalsoBBothAandB连接两个名词作主语,谓语用复数。neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主:A不…,B也不(前面一种否定情况同样适用于后者)Janedoesn’tlikeEnglish,neitherdoI.(这里的neither可以换成nor)Janecan’tswim,neithercanI.(NorcanI)so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主:A…,B也…(前面一种肯定情况同样适用于后者)JanelikesEnglish,sodoI.Janecanswim,socanI.so+主+be动词/助动词/情态动词:A…,A的确如此(前后两个句子讨论同一个人)JanelikesEnglish,soshedoes.Janecanswim,soshecan.passsthtosb=passsbsth把…递给某人lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把…借给某物借:borrow借进,借入borrow…from从…借lend(过去式lent)借出lendsthtosb=lendsbsth表示借东西借了多久,用keep:HowlongcanIkeepthebookYoucankeepitfor2weeks.when&while:when引导时间状语从句,从句的动词通常都是非延续性动词,有时也会用延续性动词,从句的时态通常是一般过去时,一般现在时while引导时间状语从句,从句的动词通常都是延续性动词,从句的时态通常都是进行时或现在时此外,while还有“而”的含义,表示前后的对比:HelikesEnglishwhileIlikemath.waste:名词awasteoftime浪费时间awasteofmoney浪费金钱动词Don’twastepaper.形容词,废弃的Don’tpourwastewaterintotheriver.四个“花”1.spend人作主语,常用结构:spendtime/moneyonsthShespentalotofmoneyonclothes.spendtime/money(in)doingsthIspent2hoursdoingmyhomeworklastnight.2.cost物作主语Thebookcostme20yuan.3.pay付钱,常和for连用Shepaid200yuanforthismeal.4.take,常用于ittakes(took)sbsometimetodosthIttookme2hourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.thereisnoneedforsbtodosth某人没有必要干某事It’sone’sjobtodosth干某事是某人的工作It’steachers’jobtoteachstudents.It’sone’sdutytodosth干某事是某人的职责It’sourdutytocarefortheoldvidesthforsb=providesbwithsthTheyprovidedahouseforhim.=Theyprovidedhimwithahouse.inorderto+do为了干某事Inordertocatchtheearlybus,hegotupat5:00.inordernottodo为了不要干某事Inordernotbelateagain,hegotupearly.inorderthat+句子=sothat引导目的状语从句Hegotupearlyinorderthathecancatchthebus.dependon依靠,信赖Youcan’talwaysdependonyourparents.取决于Whetherwewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.independence名词独立性independent形容词,独立的develop动词,发展,壮大,培养Thesmallvillagedevelopedintoafamouscity.developchildren’sindependence培养孩子们的独立性developed形容词,发达的developedcountry发达国家developing形容词,发展中的developingcountry发展中国家development名词,发展Thedevelopmentinourhometownissurprising.fair形容词,公平的,合理的fairness名词,公正性,合理性unfair形容词,不公平的since因为,既然Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstartnow.自从…以来IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.自从我出生，,我一直住在这里。takecareof=lookafter=carefor照顾,照料takegoodcareof=lookafter…well好好照顾asaresult结果,因此fellill生病the+比较级…,the+比较级….Theearlieryougiveupsmoking,thebetteritisforyoufuture.Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?havetimetodosth有时间干某事begoodwithsb善于和某人相处begoodatdoingsth擅长干某事begoodfor对…有好处begoodto=befriendlytoonthephone在电话中onTV在电视上lookthrough快速查看,浏览workout解决hangover悬挂,笼罩arguewithsb和某人争吵=haveanargumentwithsbrefusetodosth拒绝干某事benervousabout/of对…焦虑,紧张explaintosb向某人解释minddoingsth介意干某事orthefirsttime第一次cutout减掉,删除,删掉haveaquickdinner快速地吃晚餐提建议的句型:Whydon’tyoudosth=WhynotdosthLetsbdosth/LetsbnotdosthYoucould(not)dosthYoushould(not)dosthWhat/HowaboutdoingsthYou’dbetter(not)dosth.ShallwedosthWouldyoulike(not)todosth

提出请求的句型:Couldyou(please)dosthCouldyou(please)notdosth

Wouldyou(please)dosthWouldyou(please)notdosth

WouldyouminddoingsthWouldyouomindnotdoingsth

Willyou…allow:1.allowsbtodosth允许某人去干某事MyfatherallowedmetowatchTV.2.sbbeallowedtodosth某人被允许干某事IwasallowedtowatchTVbymyfather.3.allowdoingsth允许干某事Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.getintoafightwithsb=haveafightwithsb(fight是名词)和某人争吵,打架fightwithsb=fightagainstsb(fight是动词,过去式fought)和某人争吵,打架fightforsth为了…而争吵,打架findsbdoingsth发现某人正在干某事IfoundhimplayingcomputergameswhenIgothome.findsbdosth发现某人干某事的全过程Ifoundamangointoyourroom.saysorrytosb向某人道歉saygoodbyetosb向某人道别saythankstosb向某人道谢sayhi/hellotosb向某人问好giveback=return归还Pleasegivemymoneybacktome.=Pleasereturnmymoneytome.TheproblemisthatIcan’tgetonwithmyfamily.(that引导的是表语从句,和宾语从句一样,需要用陈述句的语序)ThisiswhatIwant./Myproblemiswhetherhewillcome.geton(well,badly)withsb和某人相处的好/坏=getalong(well,badly)withsbIgetonwellwithmyclassmates.geton(well,badly)withsth某事进展的好/坏=getalong(well,badly)withsthIgetonwellwithmywork.我的工作进展的很顺利instead相反,反而,却Hedidn’tgotoschool,insteadhewenttothepark.instead代替,后接宾语,必须加介词of,insteadof+名词/代词/doingThereisnocoffee,let’sdrinksometeainstead(ofcoffee).It’srainingoutside.Wecan’tgocamping.Let’sstayathomeinsteadofgoingcamping.offertodosth主动提出干某事offersbsth=offersthtosb=providesbwithsth=providesthforsb为某人提供某物return归还return=givebackreturnsthtosb=returnsbsth回到某地return=goback/comebackImustreturntohotelby8:00.not…anymore=nomore不再(次数,程度不再增加)Hedoesn’tsmokeanymore.=Henomoresmokes.not…anylonger=nolonger不再(时间不再延长)Hedoesn’tlivehereanylonger.=Henolongerliveshere.pressure压力,不可数名词=stressunderpressure在压力之下givesbpressure给某人施压姓氏后+s指夫妇二人或一家人,作主语,谓语用复数形式TheSmithsarewatchingTV.it’stimeforsth=it’stimetodosth该干某事了It’stimeforhomework.=It’stimetodohomework.becrazyabout对…着迷,痴迷,热衷于Myfatheriscrazyaboutsoccer.push推----pull拉push…sohard逼得太紧pushsbtodosth逼迫某人去看某事cause引起,造成,导致Smokingmaycauselungcancer.causesbtodosth导致某人干某事Theaccidentsdidn’tcausehimtochangehismind.inone’sopinion依某人的观点,依某人之见inmyopinion依我之见Unit5Whatwereyouwhentherainstormcame?atthetimeof在…的时候atthetimeofrainstorm在暴风雨的时候gooff(闹钟发出响声)wakeup醒来(过去式woke)begintodosth=begindoingsth开始干某事inthearea在这个地区atfirst起初,一开始atlast最后breakapart使分离diedown逐渐减弱,逐渐消失dieout灭绝bythesideofroad在路边walkby路过makeone’swayto前往,费力的向…前进over=morethan超过insilence沉默,无声(silent形容词keepsilent=keepquiet)tellthetruth说实话lookoutof向…外面看lookout=becgoaway走开,离开callout大声说出来becareful=takecare小心,注意过去进行时态是指过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作,基本结构是:was/were+doing,常与atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at9:00yesterdaymorning,when,while.变换句型时,变否定句,在be动词后加not,变疑问句,be动词直接提前。Shewaswritingaletterthewholenight.她整晚都在写信(强调动作正在进行,信不一定写完)Shewrotealetterlastnight.她昨天晚上写了一封信。(信写完了)现在分词需要双写的:shopping,swimming,stopping,sitting,hitting,planning,getting,forgetting,beginning,cutting,running,putting,setting,winningwhen&while引导的时间状语从句when后面从句中的动词既可以是延续性,又可以是非延续性(短暂性),如果是延续性动词,用进行时如果是非延续性动词,用一般过去时(大部分是非延