2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲11状语从句含详解

专题11状语从句概念：指的是在主从复合句中作状语的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；若放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。基本分类:,1.时间状语从句：WhenSusangoestotown,shewillvisithergrandma..条件状语从句：Ifheworkshard,hewillsurelysucceed.按意义和按意义和作用.目的状语从句：Theyworkedhardinorderthattheymightsucceed..原因状语从句：Marydidn'tgoshoppingbecauseIadvisedhernotto..让步状语从句：Thoughwearealldifferent,weneedneverbeseparate..比较状语从句：IwashappierthanIhadeverbeeninmylife..地点状语从句：IwillgowhereIamneeded..方式状语从句：Ihavechangeditasyousuggest.考点一：让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.注意：although只能用在句首，而though既可以放句首也可以放句末。(2)although(though)不能和but用在同一个句子中。例如：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.(X)应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.考点二：时间状语从句时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。ItwasraininghardwhenIgottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.EllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon'tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.when,while,as三者均可译为“在 时候①when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；例：Hewasridingtoschoolwhenhewashitbyacarthismorning.当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车上学。②while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时,主句的动作才发生；例：Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing. 我们在唱歌的时候他们在跳舞。③as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。例：Shesangasshewalked.她一边走一边唱歌。1）用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边…・…一边.……例：Thegirlsingsasshegoestoschool.2）表示两个同步发生的动作或行为，意思是随着……的发展例：Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmorebeautiful.3）表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生.例：Iwatchedherasshereadthebook.4）接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时.例J：Asayoungman,hewasactiveinsports.用while或when填空.Pleasedon'ttalksoloudothersareworking..hecamein,hismotherwascooking..wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.【答案】1.while2.When2.While★当主句是所使句或谓语动词是|一般将来时态或情态动词时,其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的，住将从珊，（用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态）【例题】例1.F11ringyouupassoonasI（get）toNewYork.例2..Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhe（come）back.例3.Hewon'tbelieveituntilhe（see）itwithhisowneyes.【答案】1.get2.conies3.seessince:w自从”,★懂要考点：现在完成时（主句）+since+一般过去时（从句）WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?IaswellasseveralcolleagueshavebeeninBeijingsince2010.Mr.Greenhasmadequiteafewfriendssincethreeyearsago.ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.一★Itis+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时）练习：Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenheinBeijing.A.lives B.lived C.willlive D.haslivedGreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceweE-Times.Andthecomputeriswidelyusedthroughouttheworld.A.entered B.willenter C.haveenteredMyauntisawriter.Shemorethantenbookssince1980.A.writes B.wrote C.haswritten D.willwriteChinahasofferedmuchhelptoJapansinceitbytheearthquakeandtsunami（海啸）.A.hits B.ishit C.washitD.willbehit—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonfbralongtime?—Yes,sinceshetheChineseSociety.A.joined B.hastakenpartinC.hasjoinedD.tookpartin—HowlonghasRobert?—Since2004.A.beentoBeijing B.becomeapolicemanC.joinedtheartclub D.studiedinthisschool【答案】ADCCADnot until/till 直到 才 till.…•… 直到……为止①until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。例J：Iwaiteduntilthreeo'clock,buthedidn'tcome.②not…until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。例：Thechildrendidn'tcomehomeuntilitwasdark.注意：一旦看到否定，再看到选项中有until,可以迅速联想到“not……until……”结构，再结合句意进行判断选择。考点三：目的状语从句和结果状语从句①sothat表示为了…（表目的）②so...that...,such...that...表示如此…以至于…so+形容词/副词+that从句例J：Nanjingissobeautifulthatlotsofvisitorscomehereeveryyear.南京如此美以至于每年许多游客来这。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句例：Nanjingissobeautifulacitythatlotsofvisitorscomehereeveryyear.南京如此美以至于每年许多游客来这。so+many/much/few/little+名词+lhal从句；例：Hehadsolittleeducationthathewasn'tabletoreadorwrite.他所受教育很少以至于他既不会读也不会写。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句；(列：Sheissuchagoodgirlthatwealllikeher.她是如此好的一个女孩，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句。例：TheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。注意：①sothat引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了“，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在sothat前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以。②当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时＞so...that.・・可以与be...enoughtodo句型转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与too...to...或benot...enoughtodo句型转换。这也是常考题型，需要注意。③如果名词前有many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例：①Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.=Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.这个箱子够轻，他搬得动。②ThalsuitissoexpensivethatIcan'taffordit.=Thesuitisnotcheapenoughformetoaffordit.=Thesuitistooexpensiveformetoaffordit.这套衣服很贵，我买不起。③Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.考点四：原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,Tilasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseoas和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。例如： Whyaren'tyougoingthere? BecauseIdon'twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。(4)because与becauseof的区别:because后只能接句子，而becauseof后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子。例如：Becauseofthebadweather,weputoffthesportsmeeting.Becauseitrainedyesterday,weputoffthesportsmeeting.考点五：条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导条件状语从句时，一般遵循主将从现的原则。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，状语从句用一般现在时。彳列：rilhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.Don'tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.Youmustn'tbelate,ifyouwanttogotherewithmetomorrow.(2)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.注意：®unless=if...not.如：Youwillgetlosteasilyunlessyouhaveamap.=Youwillgetlosteasilyifyoudon'thaveamap.②if既有“如果”也有“是否”的意思。作“如果”讲时遵循主将从现的原则，作“是否”讲时引导宾语从句。(列：Idon'tknowifhewillcomebacktomorrow.IwillgotoShanghaiifIamfreenextweek.考点六：比较状语从句比较状语从句，只用于两者之间进行比较的情况下，通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导，一般和比较级连用。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.巩固练习：1、自从她去了国外，你们还保持联系吗？【答案】Haveyoukeptintouchwitheachothersincehewentabroad?【解析】考察since引导时间状语从句与现在完成时的时态结合。注意since的主从句时态；搭配:keepintouchwith.2、当我来到山顶时，我精疲力尽，再也走不动了。【答案】IwastootiredouttowalkanyfartherwhenIreachthetopofthemountain.【解析】考察时间状语从句以及否定句句型，too…to…的运用注意时态；主过从过。3、除非亲眼所见，否则你无法想象常州有多美丽。【答案】Unlessyouseeitwithyourowneyes,youcanhardlyimaginehowbeautifulchangzhouis.【解析】考察条件状语从句，注意特殊句式感叹句的形式。4、直到手术成功父母亲才平静下来。【答案】Parentsdidn'tcalmdownuntiltheoperationwassuccessfully.【解析】考察until引导的时间状语从句，主过从过。5、情况将会持续，除非人类停止为老虎身上的皮毛和骨头而猎杀它们。【答案］Thesituationwillcontinueunlesshumansstophuntingtigersfortheirfurandbones.【解析】考察unless引导的条件状语从句,stopdoing以及huntfor的运用链接中考：（2022扬州市中考）3.astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。考查连词辨析。Though虽然；Till直到；When当 时候；Unless除非。根据“astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服,用when引导时间状语从句。故选Co（2022宿迁市中考）6.Yesterday,LinTao'sspeechonhowtobeagoodvolunteerwaswonderfulthatwecouldn'tstopcheeringforhim.A.so B.very C.too D.quite【答案】A【解析】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。考查副词辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；very非常；to❶太；quite相当。根据"wonderfulthatwecouldn'tstopcheeringforhim”可知此处是“so+M/./ody.that...”引导的结果状语从句，