【2022】八年级英语下册第4至第10单元知识点总结

PAGE14页共PAGE14页共10页第Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一．知识点Myparentsdon’tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事【拓展allow v允许allowdoingsth允许做某事 Theydon’tallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事Mymotherallowsmetowatchbeallowedtodosth被允许做某事I’mreallytriedbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。【解析until直到 时【2013ft东临沂223.Pleaseholdontoyourdream onedayitcomestrue.A.if B.until C.unless D.thoughYoulooksad,Kim.金，你看起来很伤心。look（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）【2012江苏苏州3Someoffriendseatwiththeireyes.Theypreferto更喜欢）what nice.A.feels B.smells C.looks D.4.】lookthrough浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：lookfor lookafter=takecareof looklike lookthesame lookover looklookout lookup lookaround lookforwardtoYouleftyourhomeworkathome.你把作业忘在家里了。【解析leavev遗忘，留下leavesth.somewhere把某物忘在某地 leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下【2012ft东济宁22.—Sorry,Mr.Green.Ihave myhomeworkathome.—Nevermind.Butdon'tforgernexttime.A.put B.kept C.left D.remainedSecondly,whydon’tyousitdownandcommunicatewithbrother?其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？【解析1】secondly 第二；其次2communicatev交流communicationn交流；沟通communicatewithsb.和某人交流TheycommunicatewitheachotherbyQQ.( )Theycan’tunderstandeachothersotheyhavedifficultyin .communicate B.communicated C.communicatingThesedays,Chinesechildrenaresometimesbusieronweekendsthanweekdaysbecausetheyhavetotakesomanyafter-schoolclasses目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。【解析】sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes【口诀：分开是一段， 合起是某时；分开s是倍次，合起s是有时sometime一段时间，做时间状语Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间sometimeadv在某个时候，sometimes名词词组―几次，几‖ Mr.GreenwenttoSanyasometimeslast(4)sometimes=attimes有时（一般现在时的标志词）MaybeIcouldcutoutafewoftheiractivities,butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildren’sfuture.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。【解析cutout删除；删去(v+adv) You’dbettercutoutthatsentence.cutup切碎cutdown砍到cutin插队cutoff切断（水、电）供应( )Don’t whenotherstalk;it’simpolite. A.cutout B.cutin C.cutdown D.cutoffIt’stimefor该写作业了。【解析It’stimeforsth是到做某事的时候了It’stimeforlunch. It’stimetodosth timetogotoschool.( )It’s9:30pm.,children! istimetogotobed.That B.It C.This D.TheyPerhapschildren/parentsshould/could//perhaps也许；可能【拓展】perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe辨析⑴perhaps意为―也许，可能‖，一般指比较小的可能性。PerhapsIwillseehimthedayaftertomorrow,butIamnotsure.也许我后天去看他，不过我不能确定。⑵probably―很可能，大概‖，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。Hewillprobablyrefusetheoffer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。⑶possibly意为―可能，或许，也许‖，可能性较大。I’llseeyoutoday,orpossiblytomorrow.我今天要见你，不过也可能是明天。⑷maybe―‖，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhapsMaybeyouputtheletterinyourbasket.或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。DoesCathyTaylorthinkit’simportantforkidstojoinactivities?凯西.泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗？【解析】It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(forsb.)todosth【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy,difficult,hard,important等，须用介词for【形容物，用for】It’s+adj(kind,honest,friendly,)+(ofsb)todosth.【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good,kind,nice,wrong等，用介词of。【形容人用of】Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?一.基础知识讲解.Whatwerepeopledoingyesterdayatthetimeoftherainstorm?昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么？【解析1】过去进行时过去进行时态⑴.Hewascookingatsixlastnight.昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。②过去某段时间正在发生的动作IwasstayingherefromMarchtoMaylastyear.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。⑵.与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有atninelastnight/ atthattime=then/atthistimeyesterday /或有whentheteachercamein/ whilehewasreading的提示⑶过去进行时的构成：was\were+现在分词⑷过去进行时的四个基本句型肯定句 Hewascookingatsixlastnight.否定句 Hewasnotcookingatsixlastnight.一般疑问句 Washecookingatsixlastnight?两回答 Yes,hewas. No,hewasn’t.特殊疑问句 Whatwashedoingatsixlastnight?⑸过去进行时的固定句型Jimwasreadingwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。JimwasreadingwhileKatewaswatchingTV.在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。JimcameinwhileKatewaswatching在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。⑹请比较HewatchedTVlastnight. （过去时间lastnight,用一般过去时）HewaswatchingTVatninelastnight. (过去时间lastnight+点时间atnine,)【2013浙江杭州4Sallytookaphotoofherfriendswhilethey computer games.play B.areplayingC.haveplayedD.wereplaying【2013黑龙江绥化3】Myuncle booksintheroomatthistimeyesterday.A.wasseeing B.isreading C.wasreading【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】What you whenthecaptaincamein?A.are;doing B.did;do C.were;doingcalledatsevenandyoudidn’tpickup.我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接。pickup接电话pickuppickup接电话捡起；拾起（开车）学到；获得Tom,Icalledyou,butyoudidn’tpickupIpickupawalletonmywayIwillpickyouupatthestationHewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.【2012陕西225.TheworkersintheHuashanMountainshaveto rubbishtokeepthemountainsclean.A.turnup B.pickup C.mixup D.giveup【2013湖北武汉140.Itseemsthattheagedpeople theH7N9moreeasilyfromtherecentcase.A.pickup B.mixup C.setup D.useupWithnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.1】with+n+adv，在句中做伴随状语with+n+adj. Shecanseestarsinthedarkskywiththewindowopen【解析2】feellikedoingsth=wouldlike/wanttodosth想要做某Ifeellike (catch)aclodtoday.Whenhewokeup.thesunwasrising当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。【解析rise 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起riseriseraise升起；上升举起；提高主语自身移向较高位置主语发出的动作作用于其他事物PricerosegraduallyLet’sraiseourglassestoTom.( )Theriver twoinchesthismorning.rose B.raised C.aregettingup D.growSchoolclosedfortheday,andRobertandhisfriendswalkedhomeinsilence.学校停课一天，罗柏特和他的朋友们沉默地走回了家。【解析silence n沉默→silent沉默；缄默；无声insilence沉默地、无声地=silently keepsilent保持沉默【2012ft东烟台Whenheheardthebadnews,Robertwalkedhometogetherwithhisfriends .（沉默地( )Weshouldkeep inthelibrary. A.silence B.silently C.silencesSowhatdoyouthinkaboutthestoryofYuGong?你们认为愚公移ft的故事怎么样？【解析】Whatdoyouthinkabout…？“你认为……怎么样？”=Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?（用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点）Whatdoyouthinkaboutthenewfilm?短语thinkthinkoverthinkof

含义仔细思考想取

接代词时位置代词放在其后代词放在中间

I’llthinkaboutitandcallyoubacksoon.IhavetothinkitovercarefullybeforeImakeadecision.IthinkofhisnamerightnowSometimeshecanmakethesticksosmallthathecankeepitinhisear.有时候他能把金箍棒变得很小以至于可以放在他的耳朵里。【解析】so…that…―如此….以致….‖引导结果状语从句so+adj./adv+tha“HeransofastthatIcatchhim. Hewassoangrythathesaya( )―asinger‖is interestingTVshow manypeoplelikewatchingit.so;that B.such;that C.so;as D.such;asAndassoonastheTVprogramcameoutmorethan30yearsago,WesternchildrenbecameinterestedinreadingthisstorybecausethecleverMonkeyKingkeepsfightingtohelptheweakandnevergivesup.30多年前，这个电视节目开播的时候，西方的孩子就对这个故事产生了兴趣，因为聪明的猴王通过不断斗争来帮助弱者，并且从不放弃。【解析1】assoonas作―一…就‖解，引导时间状语从句。AssoonasIgettoBeijing，I'llwriteto我一到北京，就给你写信。( )BesuretoletTomknowthenoticeassoonashe .A.willarrive B.wasarriving C.arrives D.arrived【解析2comeout⑴出版；发行 Whendoesthenewbookcomeout?⑵开花；出来；出现；披露Someflowershavebeguntocomeoutinearlyspring.3】morethan=over(反）lessthan少于nomorethan不只是；不仅仅是notmorethan至多；不超过【2012广西玉林】—Howmanynewdesksandchairsarethereinyourschoolthisyear?—Thereareover3,000.Eachofushasone.A.lessthan B.most C.morethan D.asmanyasAssoonastheprincesawher,hefellinlovewithfallinlovewith爱上( )Theyfell love eachotheratthefirstsight.Whatalongtimeyoulostintheforest! 你们在森林里睡了这么久！【感叹句】What(a/an)+adj.+n.+主+谓！How +adj./adv.主+谓！【2013黔西南】— beautifulskirt! —Thankyou. A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa【2013云南】 excitingsportitistogobikeriding! A.Whata B.Whatan C.What D.How【2013黄石funitistohaveicecreaminhotsummer! A.WhataB.How C.What D.Howa【解析2】 bemadeof由……制成【拓展make→made→made v制作，做make的被动语态结构：①bemadeof…―被……制‖看得出原材) Thetableismadeupofwood.②bemadefrom“被……制‖(看不出原材) Thebreadismadefromwheat.③bemadeinto+成品“被制成……‖bemadeupconsistsof……‖Unit7 What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?Theelephantweightsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。【解析1】weighv 称……的重量→weightn重量【记】Sheweighsherselfeverydayandwantstoloseweight.【解析2】time①“是 的几倍”主语+数词+times+as形容+as被比较的内容 Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldone.②―次‖一次once 两次twice 三次及三次以上：基数词+timesthreetimes三次threeorfourtimes三到四次【短语manytimes很多倍 lasttime在)上次……时everytime每次/每回…… eachtime每当……时thefirsttime第一次……时 nexttime当)下次……时【句型】timeforsthIt’stime(forsb.)todosth意为：该是„„的时候了timefordinner该是吃晚餐的时候了。It’stimeforchildrentogotobed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。【2012浙江杭州2Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlisten wespeak.A.astwicemuchas B.twiceasmuchas C.asmuchastwice D.asmuchtwiceasAdultpandasspendmorethan12hoursadayeatingabout10kilosofbamboo.成年熊猫每天花12个小时来吃掉大约10公斤的竹子。spend(in)doing花时间做某事【】spend/pay/cost/take花费spend→spent→spentv花费主语是人sb.+spend时间/+onsthsb.+spend时间/+（in）doingsthspendon=payfor支付Hespendstoomuchtimeonthecomputergames.( )Remembertospendsometime yourlovedones,becausethey’renotgoingtobearoundforever.A.from B.with C.in D.on【2012湖南永州Myfather onehundredthousandyuanonhisnewcar.A.spent B.cost C.paidpay→paid→paidv支付，主语是人sb.+pay+钱+forsth Ipay10yuanforthebook.( )—Howmuchdidyou forthiscomputer? —Fivehundreddollars.A.cost B.take C.spend D.paycost→cost→cost v花费，主语是某物或某事sthcostsb.Anewcomputercostsmealotofmoney.【2012广西贵港】Iboughtanewsweaterlastweekend.It me120yuan.A.paid B.take C.cost D.(4)take→tooktakenv花费Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.【2013黑龙江绥化10.Itwill themseveralyearstolearnEnglishwell.A.cost B.take C.spend【2012曲靖中考--Areyoualwaysonline? --Yes.It mealotoftimetoreadthewebpagesIlikes.It’sthebestwaytokilltime. A.takes B.spends C.uses D.pays【2013鞍ft】Itonly him20minutes tohisofficeeveryday.A.takes,todrive B.took,drive C.takes,drive D.took,todrive【2013湖北荆州22.Itusually Mumabouthalfanhourtocooksupper.A.pays B.takes C.spends D.costs【2013四川雅安4.Ispent$5 thisbook. A.in B.tobuy C.buying D.buy【2013ft东济宁22.—Doyouknowthepriceoftheticket? —Yes.Each A.pays B.costs C.takes D.spends【2013湖北黄石】38.It meabout10days paintingthewalls.A.took;tofinish B.cost;finishing C.took;finishing D.spent;tofinish【2013四川遂宁24.Paul’sparentswereworriedthathe toomuchtimechattingonline.A.spent B.paid C.took【2013ft东青岛】9.—HowmuchisthetickettoCentralPark?—Aone-wayticket $40,andyoucan another$20foraround-trip.A.costs,pay B.cost,spend C.pay,spend D.spends,pay（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、规则变化一般在词尾直接加er或est，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加rst，nice-nicer-nicest+y结尾的词，把yi，再加erest，heavy-heavier-heaviest重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加erest，big-bigger-biggest【注】:大红,湿热,悲瘦胖..（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful【注】表示否定意义在其前加less/least importantlessimportant leastimportantEnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.6.由―形容词+ly‖构成的副词,在其前加more/mostslowlymoreslowlymost但early—earlier earliest二、不规则变化原级good/wellmany/muchlittleoldbad/badly/illfar

比较级bettermorelessold/elderworsefarther(距离)/further（程度）

最高级bestmostleastold/eldestworstfarthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most注:形容词,副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight三、常见用法形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：YouaretallerthanTom.你比Tom高。可修饰比较级的词abit,alittle,rather,much,far,alot,agreatdeal,any,still,even.Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?However，countrymusicbringsusbacktothe―goodolddays―whenpeoplewerekindtoeachotherandtrustedoneanother.然而，乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代bekindto对=befriendlytokindof“有点儿，有几分”相当于alittleaakindof“一种”allkindsof“各种各样的”differentkindsof“不同种类的”whatkindof….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)( )— ricewouldyoulike? —Small,please.A.Whatkindof B.Whatsize C.Whatsizeof D.Whatsizebowlof现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,already,yet,never,ever,just,before,sofar,once,twiceetc.基本结构：have/has+done否定形式： have/has+not+done.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首6.反义疑问句：直接用has/have进行反问7.与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。gooutbeout finishbeoverleavebeawayfrombuyhaveborrow/lendkeepopenbeopenclosebecloseddiedeadstart/beginbeonjoin—--bein/beamemberof/beasoldierbecome–bemakefriendbefriendgetupbeupfallasleepbeasleepcatchacold–haveacoldreach/get/arrivestay/beUnit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.I’vehaditforthreeyears.我拥有它三年了。【解析】for+一段时间表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时【2012甘肃鸡西市】She herhometownformanyyears.Noonenearlyknowsher.A.hasbeenawayfrom B.hasleft C.hadleft【2012湖北十堰2Benisaforeignteacher.Sofar,he inShiyanforfiveyears.A.wasteaching B.hastaught C.willteach D.taughtAmywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories. 使她想起甜蜜的回忆。1keep（kept;keep用法归纳如下：一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态Pleasekeepquiet/silent!二、用作实义动词，⑴.保管；保存；保留PleasekeepthesethingsformewhileIamaway.⑵.赡养；饲养Iusedtokeepsheepinmychildhood.⑶坚持；继续 接V-ing形式作宾语。IfyoukeeppracticingyourspokenEnglish,you'llsoonmakegreatprogress.keepsb/sthfromdoingsth其中介词from不能省略。Theheavyraindidn'tkeepthemfromwatchingthefootballmatch.⑸保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。①keep+sb/sth+介词。Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.②keep+sb/sth+形容词。Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.③keep+sb/sth+V-ing/某物一直„„I'msorryI'vekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉，让你久等了。BecauseIreaditanymore.因为我不用再读了。【解析nomore;not…anymore/ nolonger;not. anylonger不再词语nolongernomore

同义词not…anylongernot…anymore

用法强调时间或动作“不再延续‖,与延续性动词连用强调数量和程度“不再增加‖,与非延续性动词连用位置区别：当修饰动词时，nolonger通常置于be或行为动词前；nomore一般置于行为动词后。not...anylonger与not...anymore常置于句末。Hecannolongerwalk.=Hecan’twalkanylongerThelittlegirlnomorecried.=Thelittlegirldidn’tcryanymore.( )Itislate.Wecannotwaithim . A.anymore B.nomore C.moreBecausehaditsinceIwasababy.因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。since自从Since从句（一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.sincefor在现在完成时态中的用法：since 开始的for 其后接时间段，表示某事持续了多长时间

I’vebeenasoldiersincetwoyearsagoI’vebeenasoldierfortwoyears.【2011天津Mygrandmother alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.sees B.cansee C.willsee D.hasseen【2011贵州毕节I manynewfriendssinceIcameA．make B．made C．willmake D．havemade【2013上海— haveyoubeeninthesportsclub? —SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.Howold B.Howlong C.HowmuchD.HowsoonIhavesomethingforthekids,我有一些孩子们的东西。forfor用法归纳用法1：(表目的)为了。Theywentoutforawalk.他们出去散步了。用法2：(表利益)为，为了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你想要我什么？【2013上海4Thechemicalsinthevegetablesandfruitarebad ourhealth.from B.with C.of D.for【2013牡丹江】—Whatdidyouget yourmother Mother’sDay? —Abeautifulcardandascarf.A.for;in B.for;on C.to;for【2013江苏盐城4】Itisreportedthatalotofadultstakelessonsonline furthereducation.A.after B.to C.with D.fordecidedtoeachsellfivethingswenolongeruse.我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。1decide决定decidev决定→-decisionn决定(1)decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosth决定做某事(2)makeadecision做决定①Mymotherhasdecided (take)metoactinglessons.( )②Mybrothermakesuphismindtostudymedicine.decided B.needs C.decides D.has【四川南充Theclassroomwassodirty.Idecided .A.cleanitup B.tocleanitup C.cleanupit【2013河北中考2Thechildrendecide theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.clean B.toclean C.cleaning D.cleaned2nolonger=not...anylong不再nolonger位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；not...anylonger notlonger位于句末。Inolongerliveinthiscity.=Idon’tliveinthiscityanylonger.【辨析】nolonger,not...anylonger;nomore,not...anymore.词语nolongernomore

同义词not...anylongernot...anymore

用法强调时间或动作“不再延续”，与延续动词连用强调数量和程度“不再增加”与非延续动词连用Hecannolongerwalk =Hewalkanylonger.Ihavenomoremoneytogiveyou.=Ihavemoneytogiveyouanymore.Forexample,he’sownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。own拥有ownv拥有→ownern物主ofone’sown某人自己的 theownerof…的所有者①Whoisthe (own)ofthebike? ②Iwanttoseeitwith (I)owneyes.Andhewanttolosethetoymonkeyhadsincethen, 并且他也不想失去自从他出生就拥有的那个玩具猴。【解析lose(lost,lost)失去 Ihopewelosethec