初三英语语法讲解课件

初三英语语法讲解课件初三英语语法讲解课件谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题2过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)Revision:ThefunctionofVV-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing的形式V-ingasAdverbial1.HearingRevision（一）动词不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)RevisionJohnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoingJohnsteppedforwardsoasto过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式与含义过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经2.成分1)作表语egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定语eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.2.成分1)作表语2)作定语Allthepeop3）作宾补egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作状语

（比较：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.3）作宾补4)作状语（比较：Whenwesawfr判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：adverbial例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished例4Astherewasnobody，hehad不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是改for为of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充当形式宾语使用。不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehapp不定式[例2]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用不定式[例2]NMET2000第19题I’vewo不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词way/chance/opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物动词要加介词)不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethird[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的作用[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurpos不定式不定式的作用

在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow的用法可见allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.当被改为被动态时，为sb.beallowedtodo.不定式不定式的作用在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlyto[例7]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不定式的时态和语态[例7]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlov[例8]NMET2002第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.[例8]NMET2002第14题Havingat不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。不定式的否定形式不定式[例9]NMET1996年ThepatieV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.HerushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosedV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998EuropeaV.-ing形式例2asleepingbabyasleepingbagVing做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedmanving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词V.-ing形式例2Ving做定语时可以用来修饰名词的V.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing有些动词后接todo为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加todo也可加doing，但是意义不同。BV.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____my过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.（比较：Losinghimselfinthought,healmostran…）过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题___过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题The过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cle过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the历年高考题1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB历年高考题1.Friendshipislikem5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Howaboutthetwoofus___

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing10.Themissingboyswerel15.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading15.Shecan’thelp____th5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend巩固练习CDABAD5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband1._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive1._____isagoodofexercisef14.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneeded B.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedof D.oneneedsalotofpractice17._________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking19.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned14.Itwassocoldthattheyke7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11．Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow13.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go7.Shereachedthetopoftheh初三英语语法讲解课件初三英语语法讲解课件谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题2过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)Revision:ThefunctionofVV-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing的形式V-ingasAdverbial1.HearingRevision（一）动词不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)RevisionJohnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoingJohnsteppedforwardsoasto过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式与含义过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经2.成分1)作表语egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定语eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.2.成分1)作表语2)作定语Allthepeop3）作宾补egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作状语

（比较：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.3）作宾补4)作状语（比较：Whenwesawfr判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：adverbial例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished例4Astherewasnobody，hehad不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是改for为of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充当形式宾语使用。不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehapp不定式[例2]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用不定式[例2]NMET2000第19题I’vewo不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词way/chance/opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物动词要加介词)不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethird[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的作用[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurpos不定式不定式的作用

在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow的用法可见allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.当被改为被动态时，为sb.beallowedtodo.不定式不定式的作用在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlyto[例7]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不定式的时态和语态[例7]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlov[例8]NMET2002第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.[例8]NMET2002第14题Havingat不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。不定式的否定形式不定式[例9]NMET1996年ThepatieV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.HerushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosedV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998EuropeaV.-ing形式例2asleepingbabyasleepingbagVing做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedmanving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词V.-ing形式例2Ving做定语时可以用来修饰名词的V.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosig