级5-10基础英语课件-非谓语动词

非谓语动词不是用作句子谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的动词，叫非谓语动词。不像谓语动词那样要受主语人称、数等因素的限定，所以又称作非限定动词。相同点可以有宾语可以被状语修饰可以有“体”式和语态的变化可以有自己的逻辑主语可以有宾语Heboughtahouse.Hewasconsideringbuyingahouse.Hewantedtobuyahouse.可以被状语修饰Healwaysgetsup

veryearly.Heisusedtogettingupearly.可以有“体”式和语态的变化Shehasfinishedherjob.Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Sheistreatedfairly.Sheinsistedonbeingtreatedfairly.可以有自己的逻辑主语Mywifeoftenworkslate.Idislikemywife’sworkinglate.Itwasahotday.Itbeingahotday,westayedhome.区别可以起名词作用Yourdutyistolookafterthechildren.起形容词作用Thevaseisbroken.Heisanicepersontoworkwith.起副词作用Theyareworkinghardtowinstillgreatervictory.Themancamein,supportedbytwonurses.动词不定式分词独立主格结构动名词不定式（theInfinitive

）不定式（theInfinitive

）主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing动词不定式

作主语作表语作宾语作补语作定语

作状语to…onlyto,inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…

用作介词的toadmitto，confessto，beaccustomedto，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto构成复合谓语结构Besaid(reported,knownetc)+todoShanxiisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.Seem(happen,appear,prove,tendetc.)+todoIhappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.Belikely(certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctantetc.)+todoTheyarelikelytosucceed.省to的动词不定式情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)使役动词let,have,make感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补wouldrather(sooner)，hadbetterwhy…/whynot…help可带to，也可不带tobut和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，可以省去tobe注意不定式的逻辑主语For+名词（代词宾格）+不定式ItisdifficultforhimtolearnEnglish.在表示人物性格、特点等形容词的后面，用of来引出不定式的逻辑主语Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.连接词+不定式(Wh-+Infinitive)不定式前有连接词(whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how),该结构作宾语，主语或表语分词现在分词的形式：主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词的形式：因为本身就表示被动与完成的意义，所以只有一种形式done。II.

分词用法主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。Telltheboyplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.(作定语，表主动)Wecanonlyseethepartofthemoonlightedbythesunlight.(作定语，表被动)Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.(表语，物的性质)Heappearedsatisfiedwithourperformance.(作表语，表示人的感情)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(作状语，与主语主动关系)Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.(作状语，与主语被动关系)Themachinewillbekeptrunningfortwodays.(作主语补足语，与主语是主动关系)Ourviewshavetobemadeknowntothemall.(作主语补足语，与主语是被动关系)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.(作宾语补足语，与宾语是主动关系)Youshouldkeepherinformedofwhatisgoingonhere.(作宾语补足语，与宾语是被动关系)比较：see,feel,hear,watch,notice等动词后可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词作宾语补足语，但二者有所区别。现在分词表示动作在进行；不定式表示动作的完成，即全过程。如：Shesawthemangettingonthetruck. (正在往车上爬)Shesawthemangetonthetruckanddriveoff. (已经爬上了车)III.

现在分词的时态与语态Thehousebeingbuiltisabigproject.(现在分词被动式作定语，修饰的名词正在被建)Nothavingmethim,Ican’ttellyouwhatheislike.(分词完成式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生)Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldshegiveitup?(分词完成被动式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生，且与主语是被动关系)Havingbeentoldthatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthatsupermarket.（同上）分词

作定语作表语作宾语补足语作状语现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhenscolded.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.独立结构独立结构

(theAbsoluteConstruction)独立结构是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构。作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样。独立结构的形式I.

名词/主格结构＋非谓语动词形式Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextweek.Theplanhavingbeenmade,whatisimportantistoputitintopractice.Thedutycompleted,hehadthreemonths’leave.II.

名词/主格代词＋形容词Shelookedathimexpectantly,hereyesfullofexcitementandcuriosity.III.

名词/主格代词＋介词短语Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,chalkinonehand,atextbookintheother.IV.名词/主格代词＋副词Classover,allthestudentswentoutfromtheclassroom.V.名词/主格代词＋名词Shesataloneintheroom,heronlycompanyadyingfire.注意：以上独立结构都可看成是带being的分词复合结构的省略形式。加入being就变成了分词复合结构,如：Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdone(being)tocomeoutnextweek.Heenteredtheroom,hisnose(being)redwithcold.VI.

介词with/without引导的独立结构构成：

+①todo+②doing/donewith/without+名/代词+③形容词

+④介词短语

+⑤副词如：Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,thetwostartedtowardsthemountains.Shefeltnervous,withalleyesfixedonher.Neversleepwiththewindowopeninthewinter.Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withhertwo-year-oldsoninherarms.WithJohnaway,we’vegotmoreroom.VII.“Therebeing+名词”结构Therebeingnomoneyleft,wehavetochangeourplan.Therebeingnospareparts,theequipmentcouldnotberepairedatonce.独立结构的句法功能独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充说明，偶尔也作定语或主语（如最后两例句），如：Thebellringing,allthepupilswentintotheclassroom.(时间状语)Weatherpermitting，thefootballmatchwillbeplayednextSunday.（条件状语）Thequestionbeingratherdifficult,wemusttaketimetoconsideritcarefully.（原因状语）Thebravemanfoughttheman-eatingtiger,astickhisonlyweapon.（方式状语）HowcanIworkwithyoumakingallthatnoise?（伴随状语）Thewarwasover,withoutashotbeingfired.（结果状语）Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintotheroom.（定语）Jennyintroublewasthereasonformyrushingthere.（主语）动名词I.动名词形式与现在分词相同:v+ing主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneII.用法：①具有动词特征，可带有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语；②具有名词特征，可以有自己的逻辑主语；③在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.（主语）Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.（主语）Formanyyears,hehasneverstoppedreadingEnglish.（做动词宾语）OnhearingthatTomhadpassedhisexamination,Iranghimup.（做介词宾语）常用动名词作宾语的动词及短语动词有：allow,permit,mind,enjoy,finish,abandon，avoid,deny,miss,escape,consider,admit,risk,complete,can’thelp,giveup,leaveoff,putoff,keepon…Whathelikesisplayingchessaftersupper.（表语）Hemaybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.（定语）动名词与现在分词做定语的比较：①动名词和它所修饰的名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，它多表示被修饰的名词的功能、用途；②现在分词作定语，它与所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，分词的动作是由被修饰的名词发出的。如：动名词作、现在分词作定语区别动名词现在分词sleeping-car卧车sleepingchild酣睡的孩子workingmethod工作方法workingpeople劳动人民singingpractice歌咏练习singinggirl歌女III.

动名词的时态与语态Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise.（完成式做宾语）Thechilddidn’tmind(his/him)beingleftaloneathome.（被动式做宾语）Afterhavingbeeninterviewed,hewasofferedthejob.（完成被动式做状语）Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninchess.（完成被动式做宾语）动名词作宾语admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，fee