基础英语2(主编何兆熊)unit6TheDiaryoftheUnknownSoldier课后练习问题详解

标准文档标准文档Unit6TheDiaryoftheUnknownSoldierTextcomprehensionB.1.T;2.F;3.F;4.T;5.F.becausehefeltthatallofthemhadbeensomewhatfooled.Theyweretotallyunpreparedforthecrueltyofthewarandtheimmensityofitskilling power.“Theyallcameherewithanairofconfidenceandeagerness,readytowin,”butwhatawaitedthemwas “aone-waytickettodeath.”HewrotehisfirstentrywhenhisregimentwasinLondontoprotectthecityfromNazi’sairraids;hissecondonewhenhisgroupofsoldiershadjourneyedtoasmallEuropeantownuntouchedbywarfare;andthelastonewhentheirsecretlocationwasdiscoveredbyNazitroopsandhefacedapproachingdeath.Itwashiswishtocomehomealivetoseehisfamily.Thisismentionedinallthethreeentries: “Imustgoonlivingthisnightmare,ifnotformyselformycountry,thenformyfamilybackhome.Iwantmychildrentohaveafather.”“…wonderingyetagainifIwouldeverseemyfamily.9Iwouldgiveanythingtoseethem,evenifitwasforfiveminutes! ” “Iwish,withallmysoul,thatIcouldbehomenow …Iamthinkingofmydaughters'faces…Iwillalwaysremembertheirfaces…”Hewouldtellthemthatthosesoldiersdiedbravelyinanefforttosavetheircountriesfromturmoilandmakethechildrenfeelthattheirfathersmadeadifference.Hefeltdisgustedatthecrueltyofthewar,questionedthejudgmentofhumanbeingswhostartedthewarandfeltenragedatkillinginnocentlivesanddestroyingwholecountries.IV.Althoughmystoriesabouttheirfathers’deathmightnotrelievetheirsadness,theywillenablethechildrentoseetheextraordinarysignificanceoftheirfathers’contribution.IsuddenlyrecalledasayingIonceheardthatmademeverypainful,“Wecan’taffordtofightevenonewar.”StructuralanalysisofthetextDiarywritingfollowstheflowofthewriter ’sthoughts.Itisusually“structured”bytheauthor’sfreeassociations.Whatdothethreeentriesofthediaryhaveincommon?Twothematictopicsincommon,thehorriblescenesofthewarandthewriter’sstronglovefor,andemotionalattachmenttohisfamily.Howaretheparticularsituationsrelatedtothecommonthematictopics?Firstly,thewriterdescribeshisthoughtandfearunderGermanairraids,whichledhimtospeculateaboutthedifficultiesandproblemsofhisfamily.Secondly,thewriterdescribeshisreflectionsonthejustificationofwars.ThesightofateenagegirlandthegrimconditioninasmallEuropeantownmadehimrecallhisdeardaughtersandfamily.Thirdly,itwasdatedonChristmasEveandabouttheapproachingdeath.Thewriter’sonlywishwasthatsomeonecouldreturnthediarytohisfamily.SectionFourConsolidationActivitiesPartOne.VocabularyPhrasenomorethan=only只是，仅仅strikeapainfulnoteinmyhead=makemefeelpainful 使某人感到痛苦morebloodhasbeenshed=Furthercasualtieshavebeencausedwordhasitthat…=itissaidthat…据说 withanairof=appearingfullof,radiating带着 的样子，带着的神情1.running;2.tucked;3.inspected;4.takenprecautions;5.withanairof;6.adventurous;7.enraged;8.panicked.III.Wordderivation.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.Thecollarofhisjackethadbeenstiffened(stiff)withanextralayerofcloth.Aninterpreter'sjobissucharesponsibleonethathecan'taffordanyerrors(err).Openingmyletterwasaninexcusableinvasion(invade)ofprivacy.Don'trelyontheinformationshegaveyou—it'spureassumption(assume)onherpart.Heprotestedhisinnocence(innocent)loudlyastheydraggedhimofftoprison.Thisisareallytoughassignment(assign)andIbelieveyou'retheonlypersonwhocanhandleit.Theforceoftheexplosion(explode)hadbrokenallthewindowsofthehousesinthevicinityofthevehicle.Thepolicehaveissuedadescription(describe)ofthetwomenwhowereseenrunningawayfromthesceneofthecrime.stiffa.僵直的；生硬的，拘谨的stiffenv.使 坚硬stiffnessn.僵硬；硬度e.g.他因为害怕而身体发僵。Hisbodystiffenedinfear.errv.犯错，做错errorn.错误，误差；过失e.g.她错在对他撒谎。Sheerredinlyingtohim.invadev.侵略；侵害invadern.侵略者invasionn.侵入，侵略e.g.这个城市涌进了大量的农民。Thetownwasinvadedbyfarmers.入侵者把村镇变为废墟。Theinvaderslaidtownsandvillagesinruins.assumev.假定，设想；承担；认为assumingconj.假定，假如assumptionn.假定，设想e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?innocenta.清白的，无辜的；天真的，无知的innocencen.无罪；无知，天真无邪innocentlyad.无罪地；纯洁地e.g.他声称自己是无罪的。Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.他声称自己无罪。Hedeclaredhisinnocence.assignv.分配，指派，指定assignationn. 分配，指定；委托，转让assignmentn. 分配；作业，任务e.g.所有的职工都分到了合适的工作。Allthestaffareassignedtosuitablejobs.你不能在两小时内将功课做完。Youcan’tfinishtheassignmentintwohours.explodev.爆炸explosionn.爆炸；爆发，激增explosivea.爆炸（性）的e.g.炸弹选在人最多时爆炸。Thebombwastimedtoexplodeduringtherush-hour.某些气体十分易爆。Certaingassesarehighlyexplosive.describen.描述descriptionn.描写，描述descriptivea.描述的，叙述的e.g.老师问学生：“你能描述一下这幅画吗？”Theteacheraskshisstudent,“Canyoudescribethispicture?”那女孩对这幅画作了一番生动的描述。Thegirlgaveavividdescriptionofthepicture.IV.1.B;2.D;3.C;4.D;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.A.V.Synonym/Antonym.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.MyheartacheseverymomentbecauseeverywhereIlookIsee pilesofrubblewherehousesusedtostandandlifelessbodiesthatoncemovedaroundwiththejoyoflifeinsidethem.Synonym:heaps,stacksItisasifIhavestaredintodeath'seyesandseenitshatred,itscoldness.Antonym:love,kindnessIsufferedminorheadinjuries,buttherestofmyplatoonwasn'tsofortunate.Synonym:small,lesserTheyareexperiencingtoughtimestoo,withthefoodshortageproblemsandall.Antonym:surplus,abundance,plentyWarjustcreatesmoreproblems;somethingeverysensiblepersonknows.Synonym:reasonable,rationalMysituationisgrimandtheoddsofwinning,orevensurviving,seemunlikely.Synonym:terrible,desperateIwouldgiveanythingtoseethem,evenifitwasforfiveminutes!Iamnotamanmadeforwar,noramIanadventurousperson.Synonym:bold,braveOnenight,asIperformedmyroutinewatch,Ipassedayounggirlofnomorethantwelveorthirteen,whowaswalkinghome.Synonym:regular,usualVI.Prefix/suffix.Writeineachspacethemeaningofeachgivenword.offset balanceoutdo defeatovertake catchup andpassunderline emphasizeuphold supportwithstand beardownplay lessenforestall preventExplanation:

off-:noton,awayfrome.g.offload,offcut,offshootExplanation:out-:greater,better,etc.e.g.outgrow,outlive,outflowExplanation:e.g.over-:morethanusual,toomuche.g.overcook,overdo,overdraw,overeatExplanation:under-:belowe.g.undercharge,undercut,undergo,underlieExplanation:up-:upwardse.g.upsurge,upstart,upturn,upswingExplanation:with-:inoppositionto,againste.g.withdraw,withhold,withinExplanation:e.g.down-:lower,smaller,etc.e.g.downfall,downsize,download,downshift,downturnExplanation:fore-:before,inadvance

e.g.forecast,foretell,foretaste,foreseee.g.IIGrammarExercises1.QuestionsIntermsofsyntacticstructureandcommunicativefunction,questions(alsointerrogativesentences)fallintofourmajortypes:generalquestion(yes-noquestion),specialquestion,alternativequestionandtagquestion.Specialquestions,alsoknownaswh-questions,aregenerallyintroducedbywh-wordssuchaswhat,when,where,which,who,whom,whose,why,etc.Thewh-wordmarksthefocusofinformationtobeaskedabout.Specialquestionsmaybeinnormalorderorininvertedorder.Whenthewh-wordfunctionsassubjectorpartofthesubject,thequestionisinnormalorder.If,ontheotherhand,thewh-wordisnotusedassubject,thequestionisininvertedorder.MynameisLynne.Whatisyourname? (object)ThepartyisonTuesday.Whenistheparty? (time)I’mfromEngland.Whereareyoufrom?(place,location)Theredcarismine.Whichisyourcar?(oneofmany)I’mLynne.Whoareyou?(people)It’smine.Whoseisthiswebsite?(possession)IdiditbecauseIwasangry!Whydidyoudoit?(reason)Ilikeitverymuch.Howdoyoulikeit?(waysomethingisdone)e.g.Howbig/Who/What/Howoften/Why/What.whatdidyoudoonFriday?Whattimedidyougetup?Didyouhavebreakfast?Who’sMary?Wheredidyoufirstmeether?Whatdoesshedo?Wheredoesshelive?What’sshelike?Doyouoftenseeher?WhydidshecometoyouonFridaymorning?2.ObjectclauseObjectclauseismostlyusedinreportedspeechaftercertainverbstoreportpeople’swords,thoughts,questionsandstatements.Whenreportingastatement,ifthesentencestartsinthepresent,thereisnobackshiftoftensesinreportedspeech;ifthesentencestartsinthepast,thereisoftenbackshiftoftensesinreportedspeechandifthesentencecontainsanexpressionoftime,itmustbechangedaswell.e.g.Susan:“Iworkinanoffice.”Susansaysthatsheworksinanoffice.Susan:“Iworkinanofficenow.”Susansaidthatsheworkedinanofficethen.Whenreportingayes-noquestion,eitheriforwhether isusedtointroducetheclause;whenreportingawh-question,thesamewh-wordisusedtointroducetheclause.Notethattheusualwordorderwhenreportingaquestionistheonethatisusedinastatement(thesubject-verborder).Andifthesentencestartsinthepast,don ’tforgetthebackshiftoftensesandthechangeoftheexpressionoftime.e.g.Lizwantedtoknowwhether/ifwehadanyphotosofourholiday.Wedidntknowwhytheshopwasshutdown.(not…whywastheshopshutdown)shehasgonewhenshewillbebackifshewentoutalonea.Itsignalsthatrainisexpectedbythespeaker.b.Itsuggeststhatthespeakerdoesnotexpectittorain.a.Itismoreemphatic.b.Itismoreformal.Thespeakerisprobablylosingpatiencewiththelistener.a.Itisusedtoexpressdoubtoruncertainty.b.Itisusedtoseekconfirmationfromthelistenerandthespeakerexpectsagreement.a.Thespeakerexpectsthatthelistenerhascarriedouttheaction.b.Thespeakermaybedispleasedorannoyedthattheactionwasperformed.aismorepolitethanb.aisquitefriendlywhilebconveysabitirritation.a.Witharisingtone,thetagquestionisusedtoverifyorcheckinformationthatwethinkistrueortocheckinfo4rmationthatwearen ’tsureistrue.b.Whenwearetryingtobesarcastic,ortomakeastrongpoint,weusethetagquestionwithafallingtone.a.Thenon-polarizedtagquestionisusedforspecialeffect,suchassarcasm,disbelief,shock,anger,concern,etc.b.Thepolarizedtagquestionisusedtoverifyorcheckinformation.…theyhad…their…their….Hehad…were…were…werediminished,…was…existed…mightbe•:Theyfelt…wereofferedifnotamatteroftimePartThree.TranslationexercisesI.1.我所到之处满目疮痍，楼房夷为瓦砾，活人成了死尸，生命的欢乐已然封存在一具具尸体之内，这一切时时刻刻都在刺痛着我的心。.当然，我也和他们一样，但是自上一个进攻日以后，我的想法改变了。当时我们团的任务是保卫伦敦。.倘若我能回国，我发誓一定要让这些战士英名长存，我要告诉他们的家人；他们为了保卫祖国，使之免遭劫难，英勇地献出了自己的生命。.虽说人非圣贤，都有过错，但是滥杀无辜，毁人国土，实在是天理难容！II..Ourgroupwasassignedtodecoratethegardenwhiletheotherswerepreparingthefoodinthekitchen..那位年轻人在战场上意外地遇到失散已久的兄弟，惊喜不已。 (outoftheblue)Translation:Onthebattlefieldtheyoungmanwasdelightedtomeetalong-lostbrotherwhocameoutoftheblue..Whohasusedupthemilk?Thereisnonetoputinmycoffee..Rumorhasitthatthispaintingisfakeandthattheoriginalonewasstolenthreeyearsago..你单枪匹马也许不能改变什么，但是我们大家一起努力，我们国家的面貌就会大不相同。(makeadifference)Translation:Onepersonmaynotbeabletochangemuch,butworkingtogetherwellbeabletomakegreatdifferencetoourcountry..Manyburglariestookplacebecausetheownerfailedtotaketheprecautionoflockingtheirdoorsandwindows..为了避免爆发内战，这位部长飞到前线，和暴乱分子谈判。(inaneffortto)Translation:Theministerflewtothefronttonegotiatewiththeriotersinanefforttopreventacivilwar..我看到你们在晚会上谈话，所以以为你们互相认识。 (assume)Translation:IassumedyoukneweachotherbecauseIsawyoutalkingwitheachotherattheparty.IVExercisesforintegratedskillsDictationMyBerlindiaryforDecember2/waslimitedtofourwords./“Onlythreemoredays!”/TheForeignOfficewasstillholdingup/mypassportandexitvisa,/whichworriedme./Ihadtogetmypassportandofficialpermission/toleaveonDecember5./Therewasoneotherthingtodo./ForweeksIhadthoughtover/howtogetmydiaries safelyoutofBerlin./Atsomemoments/Ihadthought/Ioughttodestroythembeforeleaving./Therewasenoughinthem/togetmehanged./ThemorningIgotmypassportandexitvisa/IrealizedIhadlessthantwenty-fourhours/to figureoutaway/ofgettingmyBerlindiariesout./Iagainthoughtofdestroyingthem,/butIwantedverymuchtokeepthem,ifIcould./Suddenly,laterthatmorning,/thesolutionbecameclear./Itwasrisky,/butitwasworthatry./ClozeTheplanedidnotfrightenKaz.For(1)onething,Hiroshimahadgonealmostuntouchedbytheairwar.Foranother,KazhadbeenborninCalifornia,andalthoughherfatherhadreturnedtoJapanwhileshewasstill(2)indiapers,shelikedtotellpeopleshewastheAmericaninthefamily.Sheevenfeltakindofdistantkinship(3)withtheB-29sthatflewregularlyoverhead,boundnorth(4)forTokyoandothertargets.Shewavedattheplane.“Hi,angel!”shecalled.Awhitespotappearedinthesky,assmallandinnocent-looking(5)asascrapofpaper.Itwasfallingaway(6)fromtheplane,driftingdowntowardthem.Thejourneytook43seconds.Theairexplodedinblindinglightandcolor,theraysshootingoutwardasinachild’sdrawingofthesun,andKazwasthrowntothegroundsoviolently(7)thathertwofrontteethbrokeoff;shehadsunk(8)intounconsciousness.Kaz’sfatherhadbeenoutbacktendingthevegetables,inhisundershorts.Whenhecamestaggeringoutofthegarden,bloodwasrunningfromhisnoseandmouth.(9)Bythenextday,theexposedpartsofhisbodywouldturnachocolatebrown.Whathadbeenthefinesthouse(10)intheneighborhoodcamecrashingdown.VI．WritingPracticeParagraphdevelopment—CauseandeffectCauseandeffectisanaturalstrategytodevelopaparagraph.Formuchofthetimethatwespendthinkingandtryingtounderstandtheworldaroundus,weareexploringforcertaincausalrelationshipsbetweenthings(events,conditions,situationsetc.)present,past,andfuture.Correspondingly,suchacause-and-effectthinkingmodeisfoundeverywhereinwritingofmosttypes.Whenweplanacause-and-effectparagraph,weneedtodistinguishprimaryeffectsfromsecondaryeffects,long-termeffectsfromshort-termeffects.Itissometimesalsonecessarytotellimmediateordirectcausesapartfromunderlyingorindirectcauses.Insomewritingsituations,wehavetodifferentiatenecessarycauses,sufficientcausesandcontributoryones.Betweenanytwocausestheremaybeacausalrelationshiptoo,andthatisalsotruebetweenanytwoeffectsofacause.Sometimesweneedtoarrangethedifferentcausesoreffectschronologically;sometimeswemayfinditmoreappropriatetosequencethemaccordingtotheirrelativeimportance;andforsomeotherparagraphs,wehavetocategorizeallthecausesoreffects.Itismostlydeterminedbythenatureoftherelationshipbetweenthem.Mostcause-and-effectparagraphstakeeithertheeffectparagraphformorthecauseparagraphform.Theusualformofthecauseparagraph:beginswithastatementoftheeffect;explainsthecausesofthateffect;concludeswithwhathascausedtheeffect.Theusualformoftheeffectparagraph:beginswithastatementofthecause;discussestheeffectsofthecause;concludeswithastatement ofthedirectrelationshipbetweenthecauseandtheeffects.Wordsandexpressionsthatoften comeupincause-and-effectparagraphsinclude:resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,because,dueto,leadto,therefore,consequently,thus,aboveall,primarily,equallyimportant, first,second,last(butnotleast),undoubtedly,probably,unquestionably,etc.Exercises:Nowwritetwoseparateparagraphsbasedonthefollowingtwotopicsentenceswiththecause-effectstrategy.TherateofteenagenearsightednessismuchhigherinChinathaninmostothercountries.Ideasforreference:Chinesechildrenarecompelledtospendsomuchmoretimedoingschoolworkthanchildreninothercountries.Long-standingChineseculturefavorsfemininityovermasculinity.TomostChineseparents,theirkids’possibleeyeproblemisnotarealhealthissue.Sample:TherateofteenagenearsightednessismuchhigherinChinathaninmostothercountries.Underlyingthatworryingstatetherearetwomajorcauses,thefirstofwhichisthefactthatChinesechildrenarecompelledtospendsomuchmoretimedoingschoolworkthanchildreninothercountries;andforthatstatethecompetitivecollegeentranceexaminationiscertainlyresponsible.Alsotoblameisthelong-standingChineseculturethatfavorsfemininityovermasculinity,asabundantavailableevidencesuggests.TomostChineseparents,theirkids’possibleeyeproblemisnotarealhealthissue.Theydonotseemtoconsideritaregrettablethingfortheirchildrentohavetowearglasses.UnlikeAmericanandEuropeanparents,theydonotcareforathleticchildrenasmuchastheycareforwell-edu