阅读理解技巧课件-高考英语二轮复习

高考英语阅读理解细节理解题单点细节判断寻找意思相近表达不同的目标信息细节理解题在审题时需要在题干或选项中提取出关键信息,然后回到语

篇中寻找目标信息,当无法找到与关键信息一模一样的信息时,就要寻找

意思相近表达不同的目标信息。【例1】Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinits

.A.personalisedcoursesB.multiplelanguagesC.pricingpolicyD.serviceteam语篇...Lancomcaresaboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.

Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.Ourcontentisaboutreal-

lifetopicsthatarerelevantbecauseweknowwhatmatterstoyouiswhat

sticksbest.YouwillfinditveryrewardingtolearnwithLancom.解读题干中的关键信息为“unique”,在语篇中找不到该词,这就需要考

生迅速调整目标信息,即找到与“unique”相近的信息“theonlyprod-

uct”,锁定目标信息后确定答案区域为“offercoursestailoredtoyourna-

tivelanguage”,这与A选项对应。多点细节判断近几年有些细节理解题的综合性很强,需要根据多个段落的相关信息做

出综合判断才能获得答案,做题时不要遗漏信息。【例2】WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow-coveredforests.MikeShepherd(2011)Skiddaw

in

WinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinterseveningand

freezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopof

asmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittle

morethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlya

shortclimb,Ifoundmyselfcompletelyaboveit

andlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkid-

dawwiththesunsettinginthewest...TimothySmith(2014)Macclesfield

ForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldto

takesomewinterimages.Walkingupapath

throughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocal

highpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandim-

mediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassesseta-

gainstthefreshsnow...语篇解读根据题干中的“haveincommon”可知本题属于多点细节判断题。

根据题干中的“ShepherdandSmith”将答案区域锁定在表格中。根据

表格中“Itwasanextremelycoldwinterseveningandfreezingfoghung

intheair.”以及“IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotake

somewinterimages.”可知,他们的作品都是冬天的摄影作品。由此确定

答案为A项。主旨大意题高考

英语专题九主旨大意段落大意题的解题技巧做段落大意题需找出段落主题句,说明文和议论文的段落主题句一般在

句首。若找不到主题句,可借助主题词、关键词、高频词等进行总结。【例1】(2020全国Ⅰ,D篇节选)问题Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.语篇Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudycon-

ductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasof

thecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe1

5%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouse-

plants.解读根据主题句归纳段落大意。第一句为本段的主题句,其中Thecon-

nectionbetweenpeopleandplants为关键词。由此可知,本段要说明人与

植物之间的关系。接下来详细说明了绿色植物有助于减少犯罪和提高

工作效率。由此综合判断本段主要说明了绿色植物的好处。故选D。文章大意题的解题技巧1.借助文章主题段归纳常见位置:首段(说明文、议论文、新闻报道)和末段(记叙文、说明文、

议论文)。2.借助各段落主题句归纳文章大意=段落主题句1+段落主题句2+……3.借助主题词或关键词归纳标记文中出现频率较高的主题词或关键词,然后对其归纳和概括,确定文

章大意。【例2】(2020全国Ⅱ,B篇节选)问题Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.语篇[1]Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelp

theirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-related

skills.[2]PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentin

youngchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywith

puzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrolling

fordifferencesinparentsincome,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,

Levinesaid.[3]Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbe-

tween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54

monthsofage....[5]ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmental

Science.解读借助主题词或关键词归纳。根据文章第一段和第三段出现的re-

searchers,第二段出现的Psychologist、expert以及最后一段出现的find-

ings、published、thejournalDevelopmental

Science可知本文主要介绍了

一项科学研究,故选B项。最佳标题题的解题技巧1.中心句法根据文章中心句提炼主题句,确定最佳标题。2.“1+1=1”法将文章的写作对象(1)和其主要特点、意义或影响(1)整合充当文章标题

(1)。3.高频词法根据文中出现的频率较高的主题词或关键词提炼整合文章标题。【例3】(2021新高考Ⅰ,C)问题Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting语篇WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,

theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.Native

Americanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfor-

tunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafew

decadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水

禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambi-

tioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhouse

theever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息

地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratory

Bird

Hunting

Stamp

Act(Act),an

increasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmi-

gratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.Under

thisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypur-

chaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStamp

wasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDes

Moines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRoo-

seveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypay

thestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratory

BirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclu-sionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthisland

willbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,bet-

terthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5

millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.解读中心句法。最后一句“LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampPro-

gramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramsever

initiated.”可以看作文章的中心句。因此,文章标题应与theFederalDuck

Stamp有关,故选A。推理判断题高考

英语专题十推理判断隐含推断题1.根据题干中infer,suggest,imply,conclude,bestdescribe(s),conclusion等词

语明确答题方向。2.浏览四个选项,排除与原文信息重复的选项。3.注意文中的情态动词和虚拟语气,由此推断出作者的弦外之音。4.根据原文信息进行合乎逻辑的适度推断。【例1】(2021新高考Ⅰ,B篇节选)问题WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTittertonsjobonstage?A.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.语篇“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon

tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusic

whenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot,”MrTittertonexplained.解读题干中“bestdescribes”明确本题为隐含推断题。根据文中关键信

息“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.”“haveto”和“makesure”可

推断Titterton在舞台上的工作要求高。故选C。观点态度题1.明确谁对谁的态度。2.关注传递情感的形容词、副词、动词、介词、短语或句子,据此分析

其情感倾向。3.结合文章或段落主题判断观点态度,不要掺杂自己的观点。【例2】(2020全国Ⅰ,C篇节选)问题Whichwordbestdescribestheauthorsattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.语篇Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,research

shows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,

haveitsownproblem.解读根据fitnessbenefits,however和haveitsownproblem可知,竞走有很

多益处,但也有问题。由此判断作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。写作意图题1.句段写作意图常见的表达方式有:toexplainarule/topresentafact/toclarifyaconcept/to

provideexamples/tomakeaprediction/tointroducethetopic/tosupportthe

argument/tomakecomparisons。2.篇章写作意图1)故事类:totellastory/share.../entertain/inspirereaders2)广告类应用文:tosell/attract/promote...3)新闻类:toinform/report/introduce...4)说明文/研究报告:tointroduce/explain...5)议论文:toargue/prove/show...【例3】(2021浙江1月,B篇节选)问题WhydoestheauthormentionWatkinspredictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.语篇...anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictions

aboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobile

phonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswrongin

oneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthe

physicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight...解读根据文中JohnElfrethWatkins的预言everybodywouldwalk10miles

aday是错误的,可知提及Watkins的预言的目的是引出下面的话题:孩子

走路步数越来越少。故选B。文章出处题原则:从文章内容、结构、语言风格等综合判断。1.文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称:newspaper2.文化教育性的文章:educationsection3.旅游景点方面的客观介绍:travelguide4.科普知识/研究介绍:sciencereport/studyreport5.新产品/新影片/演出介绍:advertisement6.文中含有clickhere/website等网络典型用语:website7.时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍:magazine/journal/entertainmentsection【例4】Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.语篇Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearly

differentsymbols...Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined

—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.HereshowHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,who

ledtheteam,describedtheexperiment...Afterrunninghundredsoftests...Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely...解读根据节选的文章第一至五段相关内容可知,文章首先给出了猴子善

于处理数字的结论,然后介绍科研人员进行的实验。由此可知,文章应出

现在科学版块。故选D。预测推断题1.特点:根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测

推理。2.方法1)梳理篇章结构;2)把握写作思路:事件发展的先后顺序、因果关系、递进关系、对比关

系、空间转换等;3)弄清句、段之间的逻辑关系;4)作出科学、合理的预测。【例5】Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooksslifeexperiences.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooksstranslationskills.语篇Onthewhole,Brookssstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewould

expect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandout

abovetherest...WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemo-

rablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithThe

Social

Animallieelse-where.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrookssattempttotranslatehistale

intoscience.解读最后两句提到了这本书的一些问题。由此推断出,接下来文章可能

要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题。故选A。推测词义题高考

英语专题十一推测词义推测代词指代含义1.宏观把握:充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体意义。2.微观入手:抓住关键词或关键句,弄清逻辑关系。【例1】ItwasNewYearsnight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.

Heraisedhissadeyestowardsthedeepbluesky,wherethestarswerefloat-

inglikewhitelilies(百合花)onthesurfaceofaclearcalmlake.Thenhe

castthemontheearth,wherefewmorehopelesspeoplethanhimselfmoved

towardstheircertaingoal—thetomb.解读根据第三句中Heraisedhissadeyestowardsthedeepbluesky(他抬

起悲伤的眼睛看向深蓝的天空)及画线词所在句子中的Thenhecastthemontheearth可知,画线词“them”指代上文的hissadeyes(他悲伤的眼睛)。

推测其他画线单词或短语的含义1.依据定义推测词义在许多情况下,文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉,则会在文章中给

出该词的定义或解释。通过阅读定义和解释部分,读者便可理解该词的

基本含义。线索词有that,which,is等。【例2】Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfresh

air.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.解读is后面是对画线词的明确定义。什么系统或什么手段才能提供新

鲜空气呢?由此推断画线词意为“通风系统”。2.依据同位语推测词义通常引出该词同位语的词语有thatis,inotherwords等,还有的同位语凭借

括号或破折号出现。【例3】Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existinthe

U.S.today.解读由同位语anendangeredwildcat可推断画线词ocelots是指一种濒临

灭绝的野猫。3.依据文章中的举例推测词义在阅读理解中,考生可以根据文章所举的例子,从具体到一般,推断出该词

的意思。【例4】Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreatpowerpolitiesbetweennationstates.Itwillprovidemorespacetostudyparticularissuessuchas

therelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropeanUnion,thirdworlddebt,

localandinternationaldisagreement,andtheworkofsuchinternationalbod-

iesastheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,NATO,andtheWorldBank.解读根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子可推断句中的issues指“议

题”。4.依据对比、比较或并列关系推测词义能体现对比关系、比较或并列关系的词汇主要有but,yet,however,while,

unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,incontrastto,and等。分号也可表示

对比。【例5】Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.解读句中的副词similarly表明lovestotalk和loquacious意义相近。由此

可推断出loquacious意为“健谈的”。5.依据构词法推测词义考生要了解构词法知识,尤其要注意合成词和派生词,可以从该词的各个

部分的特定意思及上下文推测出该词的意思。【例6】Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sex

schools?解读根据educational(教育的),结合前缀co-(共同,一起)和single-sex

schools,可推测co-educational的意思是“男女同校的”。6.依据因果关系推测词义常见的表示因果关系的词汇有since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accord-

ingly,so...that,such...that等。【例7】Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上司),itwouldbepresumptu-

ousofmetotellyouwhattodo.解读根据since引导的原因状语从句的内容(既然你是我的上司)和下文

tellyouwhattodo(告诉你做什么)可以推断出“presumptuous”意为“自

负的,冒昧的”。7.依据上下文推测词义【例8】Iguessthattheresprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,or

socialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohel