2021-2022学年江苏省常州市前黄高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

2021-2022学年江苏省常州市前黄高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟总分：150分）第一局部：听力（共20小题，每题L5分，总分值30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemanlikehisnewroom?Itisnearhisfriends*flats.Itislargerthantheoldone.Itisclosetotheschool.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Doyoulikeyournewroom?M:It'snicetohaveenoughspaceforallmythings,soFmgladImoved.ButImissmyfriendsandneighbors.Iespeciallymisslivingsoclosetotheschool..【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchwillthemanpayfortwogeneralticketsandtwostudenttickets?A.$40.B.$20.C.$30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmucharethetickets?W:They'retendollarseachfbrthegeneralpublic,butstudentticketsarehalfprice..【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdowelearnaboutJack?A.Hespoketotheboss.B.Hegaveorderslikeaboss.C.Heworkedthereasaboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:DoyougetalongwellwithJackattheoffice?M:Heorderedeveryoneaboutasifhewerethebossthere..【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggest?细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"…butitisjustbeginningproductionandsalesinNairobinow（……但现在它才刚刚开始在Nairobi生产和销售）"可知，目前可以在Nairobi买到这种环保厕所。应选A项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第五段内容“TheUnitedNationssaysmorethantwoandahalfbillionpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodsanitation.Manyhavenochoicebuttousetheoutdoors,whichisnotonlybadfortheenvironment,butalsoharmfultopeople'shealth.Eachyear,poorsanitationleadstothreefifthsofthosepeoplegettinganinfectiousdiseasewhichonaveragecausesoneoutof1,000patientstodie.（联合国表示，全球有超过25亿人没有良好的卫生设施。许多人别无选择，只能使用户外，这不仅对环境有害，而且对人们的健康有害。每年，卫生条件差导致五分之三的人感染传染病，平均每1000名病人中就有一人死亡）”可知，该段主要讲述了在没有良好的卫生设施的情况下，选择户外（排便）对于环境和人体都带来了危害。因此选项A“poorsanitationmaycausemanyproblems（恶劣的卫生条件可能导致许多问题）”贴合该段主旨要义，为作者想要通过该段表达的信息。应选A项。【27题详解】词义猜想题。结合前后文语境可知，JackSmith的话应是对前文提到的事实“TheUnitedNationssaysmorethantwoandahalfbillionpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodsanitation.（联合国表示，全球有超过25亿人没有良好的卫生设施。）”进行评论，因此“This”应是指代前文提到的事实，即，很多地方没有良好的卫生设施。应选B项。CGivenalltheheateddebatesabouthowAmerica'schildrenshouldbetaught,itmaycomeasasurprisetolearnthatstudentsspendlessthan15%oftheirtimeinschool.Whilethere'snodoubtthatschoolisimportant,aseriesofrecentstudiesremindusthatparentsareevenmoreso.Astudy,forexample,findsthatparentalinvolvement-checkinghomework,attendingschoolmeetingsandevents,discussingschoolactivitiesathome-hasamorepowerfulinfluenceonstudents1academicperformancethananythingabouttheschoolthestudentsattend.Anotherstudy,reportsthattheeffortputforthbyparentshasabiggerimpactontheirchildren'seducationalachievementthantheeffortdevotedbyeitherteachersorthestudentsthemselves.Andathirdstudyconcludesthatschoolswouldhavetoincreasetheirspendingbymorethan$1,000perpupilinordertoachievethesameresultsthataregainedwithparentalinvolvement.Soparentsmatteralot-apointmadeclearbydecadesofresearchshowingthatamajorpartoftheacademicadvantageheldbychildrenfromwealthyfamiliescomesfromthe"concertedcultivation（协作培养）ofchildren^^ascomparedtothemorelaissezfaire（散养的）styleofparentingcommoninworking--classfamilies.Butthisresearchalsorevealssomethingelsethatparents,ofallbackgrounds,don'tneedtobuyexpensiveeducationaltoysordigitaldevicesfortheirkidsinordertogivethemanedge.Theydon'tneedtodrivetheiroffspringtoenrichmentclassesortest-prepcourses.Whattheyneedtodowiththeirchildrenismuchsimplertalk,Butnotjustanytalk.Althoughwell-knownresearchbypsychologistsBettyHartandToddRisleyhasshownthatprofessionalparentstalkmoretotheirchildrenthanless-affluent（不富有的）parents-alotmore,resultingina30million“wordgap“bythetimechildrenreachagethree-morerecentresearchesareraisingoursenseofexactlywhatkindsoftalksathomecontributedtochildren'ssuccessatschool.Forexample,astudyconductedbyresearchersattheUCLASchoolofPublicHealthandpublishedinthejournalPediatricsfoundthattwowayadult-childconversationsweresixtimesaseffectiveinpromotinglanguagedevelopmentasintervals（间歇）inwhichtheadultdidallthetalking.Engaginginthismutualback-and-forthgiveschildrenachancetotryoutlanguageforthemselves,andalsogivesthemthesensethattheirthoughtsandopinionsmatter.Astheygrowolder,thisfeelinghelpsmiddle-andupper-classkidsdevelopintoconfidentsupportersfortheirowninterests,whileworking-classstudentstendtoavoidaskingforhelporarguingtheirowncasewithteachers,accordingtoaresearchpresentedatAmericanSociologicalAssociationconferenceearlierthisyear.Thecontentofparents9conversationswithkidsmatters,too.Childrenwhoheartalkaboutcountingandnumbersathomestartschoolwithmuchmoreextensivemathematicalknowledge,whichpredictsfutureachievementinthesubject.PsychologistSusanLevine,wholedthestudyonnumberwords,hasalsofoundthattheamountoftalkyoungchildrenhearaboutthespatialpropertiesofthephysicalworld-howbigorsmallorroundorsharpobjectsare-predictskids'problem-solvingabilitiesastheypreparetoenterkindergartenWhiletheconversationsparentshavewiththeirchildrenchangeaskidsgrowolder,theeffectoftheseexchangesonacademicachievementremainsstrong.Andagain,thewaymothersandfatherstalktotheirmiddle-schoolstudentsmakesadifference.ResearchbyNancyHill,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity'sGraduateSchoolofEducation,findsthatparentsplayanimportantroleinwhatHillcalls"academicsocialization^-settingexpectationsandmakingconnectionsbetweencurrentbehaviorandfuturegoals（goingtocollege,gettingagoodjob）.Engaginginthesesortsofconversations,Hillreports,hasagreaterimpactoneducationalaccomplishmentthanvolunteeringatachild'sschoolorgoingtoPTAmeetings,oreventakingchildrentolibrariesandmuseums.Whenitcomestopromotingstudents'success,itseems,ifsnotsomuchwhatparentsdoaswhattheysay.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsusthat.A.TeachingmethodsarevitaltostudentsintheUSAB.schoolingisnecessaryforAmericanstudentsC.parentsaffecttheirchildren'sachievementgreatlyD.schoolshavepaidmoremoneytogetthesameresultsasparentalinvolvement29.FromthesecondparagraphwecanknowthatintheUSA.childrenfromrichfamiliesmayhavemoreacademicadvantagesworking-classparentstendtotalktotheirchildrenmorewealthyfamiliestendtoadoptlaissez-fairestyleofparentingparentshavemanywaystogivetheirchildrenanadvantageWhatisthemosteffectivetalkbetweenparentsandchildreninimprovinglanguagedevelopment?Professionalparents'talk.Two-wayconversation.Adultstalkingallthetime.Childrenspeakingasinterludes.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?It'snecessaryfbrchildrentofollowtheexampleoftheirchildren.Childrenshouldbeactiveintheireducationalaccomplishment.Parentsshouldoftencommunicatewiththeteachersoftheirchildren..Parents?influencestayswithchildrenfbralongtime.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母教育的重要性。并用很多研究结论来证明父母教育比学校教育更重要。[28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段uWhilethere'snodoubtthatschoolisimportant,aseriesofrecentstudiesremindusthatparentsareevenmoreso.（毫无疑问,学校很重要，但最近的一系列研究提醒我们，父母更重要。）”及本段内容可知，第一段主要介绍了父母对孩子的成就影响很大。应选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Soparentsmatteralot-apointmadeclearbydecadesofresearchshowingthatamajorpartoftheacademicadvantageheldbychildrenfromwealthyfamiliescomesfromtheconcertedcultivation（协作培养）ofchildren”ascomparedtothemorelaissezfaire（ft^养的）styleofparentingcommoninworking--classfamilies.（因此，父母很重要几十年的研究说明，富裕家庭的孩子在学业上的优势主要来自于“对孩子的协同培养”，而不是工人阶级家庭中普遍存在的更加放任的教育方式。）”可知，来自富裕家庭的孩子可能有更多的学业优势。应选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Forexample,astudyconductedbyresearchersattheUCLASchoolofPublicHealthandpublishedinthejournalPediatricsfoundthattwowayadult-childconversationsweresixtimesaseffectiveinpromotinglanguagedevelopmentasintervalsinwhichtheadultdidallthetalking.（例如，加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院的研究人员在《儿科学》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，成人与儿童之间的双向对话在促进语言开展方面的效果是成人说话的间隔时间的6倍。）”可知，父母和孩子之间最有效的交流方式是双向对话。应选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whiletheconversationsparentshavewiththeirchildrenchangeaskidsgrowolder,theeffectoftheseexchangesonacademicachievementremainsstrong.Andagain,thewaymothersandfatherstalktotheirmiddle-schoolstudentsmakesadifference.ResearchbyNancyHill,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity'sGraduateSchoolofEducation,findsthatparentsplayanimportantroleinwhatHillcalls"academicsocialization^-settingexpectationsandmakingconnectionsbetweencurrentbehaviorandfuturegoals（goingtocollege,gettingagoodjob）.（虽然随着孩子长大，父母与孩子之间的对话也会改变，但这些交流对学业成就的影响仍然很大。再说一次，父母与中学生交谈的方式也会产生影响。哈佛大学教育研究生院教授南希•希尔的研究发现，父母在希尔所谓的“学术社会化”中扮演着重要角色一一设定期望，将当前行为与未来目标（上大学、找一份好工作）联系起来。）”可推断，父母对孩子的影响会持续很长一段时间。应选D。DSam,IsaytomyselfasIstartacrossthebridge,youmuststopthesethoughtsandstartthinkingaboutwhattodonowthatyouhavelostyourfalcon,Frightful.Life,myfriendBandooncesaid,ismeetingproblemsandsolvingthemwhetheryouareanamoebaoraspacetraveller.Ihaveaproblem.IhavetoprovidemyyoungersisterAliceandmyselfwithmeat.Fish,nuts,andvegetablesaregoodandnecessary,buttheydon'tprovideenoughfuelforthehardphysicalworkwedo.Althoughwehavevenisonnow,Ican*talwayscountongettingit.Sofarthisyear,ourvenisonhasbeenonlyroadkillfrominfrontofMrsStrawberry'sfarm.Idecidetotakethelongestwayhome,downthefloodplainoftheWestBranchofDelawaretoSpillkill,myownnameforafaststreamthatcascadesdownthesouthfaceofthemountainrangeI'mon.Ineedtimetothink.PerhapsAliceandIshouldbeliketheearlyEskimos.Weshouldwalk,campandhunt,andwhentheseasonschange,walkontonewfoodsources.ButIlovemytreeandmymountaintop.Anothersolutionwouldbetobecomefarmers,likethepeopleoftheIroquoisConfederacywhooncelivedhere.Theysettledinvillagesandplantedcormandsquash,bushbeansandberries.Wealreadygrowgroundnutsinthedampsoilandsquashinthepoorland.ButtheIroquoisalsohuntedgame.Ican'tdothatanymore.FmbackwhereIstartedfrom.SlowlyIclimbtheSpillkill.AsIhopfromrocktorockbeneathshadybasswoodsandhemlocks,Ihearthecryofthered-tailedhawkwhonestsonthemountaincrest.IamremindedofFrightfulandmyheartaches.Icanalmosthearhercallmyname,Cree,Cree,Cree,Car-ree.

MaybeIcangetherbackifIbegthemanwhoisinchargeoftheperegrinesattheuniversity.“Butit'sthelaw/hewouldsay.IcouldwritetothepresidentoftheUnitedStatesandaskhimtomakeanexceptionofAliceandme.Thatwontwork.ThepresidentsworetoupholdtheConstitutionandlawsoftheUnitedStateswhenhetookoffice.Iclimbon.Imuststopthinkingabouttheimpossibleandsolvetheproblemofwhattodonow.Imustfindanewwaytoprovideforus.Frightfulisgoingtobeingoodhandsattheuniversity,andshewillhaveyoung.IsmileatthethoughtoflittleFrightfulsandliftmyreluctantfeet.WhenIamfarabovetheriver,Itakeoffmyclothesandmoccasinsandbatheinadeep,clearpooluntilIamrefreshedandthinkingmoreclearly.Climbingupthebank,Idressandsitdown.Ibreathedeeplyofthemountainairandtrytosolvemyproblemmorerealistically.Whatdoesthisexcerptmaindescribe?A.Delicatementalactivities.C.Everchangingstoryevents.WhatisSam*sfirstworry?A.HowtogetbackquicklyC.HowtoensurethesafetyofFrightful,himself.WhatdoweknowaboutFrightful?A.HeleftSamandAliceduetolackoffood,takenaway.C.Heislivingwiththered-tailedhawkhappily,university.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSam?A.Humorous.B.Aggressive.Unrealistic.【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.C【解析】B.Uniquestoryenvironment.D.Complicatedcharacterrelationship.B.Uniquestoryenvironment.D.Complicatedcharacterrelationship.B.Howtogetenoughvenison.D.HowtoprovidemeatforAliceandHehelpedSamhuntbeforebeingD.HehasgivenbirthtobabiesintheResponsible.D.【32题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了山姆从一开始过桥时默默对自己说的话、想起朋友曾说过的话，到走最远的路回家途中对自己和妹妹生活方式的思考、再到爬山时又想起了猎鹰Frightful以及思考一些不可能的事情,最后决定更现实地解决自己的问题这些细微的心理活动，可知这段摘录主要描述了微妙的心理活动。应选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ihaveaproblem.IhavetoprovidemyyoungersisterAliceandmyselfwithmeat.（我有个问题。我必须给我妹妹爱丽丝和我自己提供肉）”可知，山姆首先担忧的是自己和妹妹的生存问题，应选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sam,IsaytomyselfasIstartacrossthebridge,youmuststopthesethoughtsandstartthinkingaboutwhattodonowthatyouhavelostyourfalcon,Frightful.（山姆，当我开始过桥时，我对自己说，你必须停止这些想法，开始思考既然你已经失去了你的猎鹰Frightful,你该怎么办）”可知，没有猎鹰后山姆不知道该怎么办了，可推知猎鹰以前帮山姆捕猎，应选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ihaveaproblem.IhavetoprovidemyyoungersisterAliceandmyselfwithmeat.（我有个问题。我必须给我妹妹爱丽丝和我自己提供肉）”可知，山姆首要想的是给自己的小妹妹爱丽丝解决保持体力的食肉问题，第三、四段中又想到了像爱斯基摩人一样生活或当农民，一路上都在为自己和妹妹如何生存绞尽脑汁，可推知山姆是一个负责任的人，应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itisveryimportantforkidstobecourageous.Abravechildismorelikelytowithstandnegativepeerpressure,saynototemptations（诱惑）andfightthegoodfight.36Itboostskids'resilience（适应力），confidenceandwillpowerastheiraswellastheirlearning,performanceandschoolengagement.Hereareseveralwaystodevelopkids'courage:Setamodelofcourage.Kidswhowatchtheirparentssticktheirnecksouttodotherightthingaremorelikelytodothesame.37Thenexpresshowgooditfeelswhenyouconqueryourfearinsteadoftakingashortcut.Yourkidswilllearnhowtotakeonthetoughchallengetheyfacebywitnessinghowyoutackleyourfears.38Researchfindsthatkidsaremorelikelytobecourageousiftheybelievethattheirparentsencouragethemtosupportthoseinneed.Discussbraverywithyourkids:Tellthem"Courageismakingthechoicetodowhatyouknowisrightevenifyouareafraid.”Askyourkidstosharetheiractsofbravery.Learningtobebravetakespractice,soencourageyourchildrentodosomethingcourageouseveryday.39AmomItalkedtohadherkidssharetheirbravedeedsatdinnertime.Teachyourkidshowtoreducetheirfears.Ifnotkeptundercontrol,fearcanbepowerful.40Youmightencouragepositiveself-talk,suchassaying,“Icanhandlethis"or"Ihavecouragetodothis."Orteachyourchildtotakeslow,deepbreathstofindcourage.Talkaboutvaluesandcourage.Couragehasothersurprisingbenefits.Thegoodnewsisthatcouragecanbetaught.Teachyourchildrensimplestrategiestobebrave.Letyourchildrenseeyoustepoutofyourcomfortzone.Intoday'suncertainworld,kidswillneedcourageandconfidence.Thentaketimetofocusontheircourageousbreakthroughs.【答案】36.B37.E38.A39.G40.D【解析】【分析1本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何帮助孩子们获得勇气这一问题给出了一些建议。【36题详解】根据上文Abravechildismorelikelytowithstandnegativepeerpressure,saynototemptations（诱惑）andfightthegoodfight.（一个勇敢的孩子更有可能承受来自同龄人的负面压力，对诱惑说不，勇敢地去战斗）及下文Itboostskids,resilience（适应力）,confidenceandwillpowerastheiraswellastheirlearning,performanceandschoolengagement.（它能提高孩子们的适应力、自信心和意志力,以及他们的学习、表现和学校参与度）可知,B.Couragehasothersurprisingbenefits.（勇气还有其他意想不到的好处）能够承上启下，符合此处语境。应选B。【37题详解】根据上文Setamodelofcourage.Kidswhowatchtheirparentssticktheirnecksouttodotherightthingaremorelikelytodothesame.（树立一个勇敢的典范。那些看着父母冒险去做正确的事情的孩子更有可能做同样的事情）可知，这里提到了父母的示范作用。由此可知，E.Letyourchildrenseeyoustepoutofyourcomfortzone.（让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区）符合此处语境。应选E。【38题详解】不艮据卜文Discussbraverywithyourkids:Tellthem"Courageismakingthechoicetodowhatyouknowisrightevenifyouareafraid."（和你孩子讨论勇气：告诉他们“勇气就是即使你害怕，也要选择去做你认为正确的事情。可知，A.Talkaboutvaluesandcourage4谈论价值观和勇气）符合此处语境。应选A。【39题详解】根据下文AmomItalkedtohadherkidssharetheirbravedeedsatdinnertime.（我曾与一位母亲交谈过，她让孩子们在晚餐时提供他们的勇敢事迹）可知，这里提到了家长和孩子们谈论勇敢行为的问题。由此可知，G.Thentaketimetofocusontheircourageousbreakthroughs.（然后花点时间去关注他们的勇敢的突破）符合此处语境。应选Go【40题详解】根据下文Youmightencouragepositiveself-talk,suchassaying,“Icanhandlethis"or"Ihavecouragetodothis."Orteachyourchildtotakeslow,deepbreathstofindcourage.（你可以鼓励积极的自我对话，比方，“我能处理好这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。或者教你的孩子慢慢地深呼吸来寻找勇气）可知，这里提到了一些简单的勇敢策略。由此可知，D.Teachyourchildrensimplestrategiestobebrave.（教给你的孩子学会勇敢的简单策略）符合此处语境。应选Do第三局部语言运用（共四节，总分值50分）第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。WhenIwaslittleandsomethingdifficulthappened,!wouldlooktomymotherforcomfortandguidance.Shewasalwaysthereforme,helpingme41theissue.Nomatterwhat,mymomhada42outlook（人生观）.Atthetime,Ihadnoknowledgeofthedifficultiesand43shehadexperienced.GrowingupduringtheGreatDepression,mymomlosttwosistersandhadto44herparaplegic（下身瘫痪的）youngestsister.Tome,mymotherdefinesresilience（快速恢复的能力）.Shehadsuchstrongfaithandwasavery45andpositiveperson.Ourhousewaslikeacentralhub（核forfamilyandfriends;nooneeverlefthungryorwithoutfeelingabit46thantheydidwhentheyarrived.Asachild,onethingmymotherwouldoftensaytomewas,“thistooshallpass/*Atfirst,Ifoundthis47.WhatIwasdealingwithseemedlikethemost48thingever!Howwoulditgetbetter?AsImatured,I49shewasright.Lifemovesonandweallhave50tomoveforwardorback.Shealwayschosetomoveforward.“Thistooshallpass"doesn'tmeanthattheproblemwillmagically51Rather,itcanleadtoaveryreflectivethoughtprocessthat52youtofindinnerstrengthto53thechallengeathand.Soasyoufacedifficultiesandchallenges.I54mymother'sadvicewillhelpyou

choosetomoveforward,find_55_andmakethebestofwhatlifehastooffer.41.A.workthroughB.believeinC.focusonD.worryabout42.A.simpleB.similarC.positiveD.new43.A.shameB.lossesC.argumentsD.competition44.A.remindB.trustC.respectD.supportA.differentA.saferA.annoyingappealingA.enjoyableA.realizedexpectedA.rightA.differentA.saferA.annoyingappealingA.enjoyableA.realizedexpectedA.rightA.changeA.forcespersuades53.A.answerA.agreerememberA.solutionspurposes【答案】41.A42.CB.interestingC.givingD.normalB.busierC.smarterD.betterB.frighteningC.surprisingD.B.difficultC.boringD.valuableB.imaginedC.doubtedD.B.choiceC.responsibilityD.wayB.developC.disappearD.continueB.helpsC.warmsD.B.acceptC.understandD.addressB.wonderC.hopeD.B.challengesC.resultsD.43.B44.D45.C46.D47.A48.B49.A53.D54.C55.A50.B51.C52.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者遇到困难和挑战时，母亲总是会说“Thistooshallpass”来鼓励作者继续前进，克服困难和挑战，充分利用生活所能提供的一切。【分析】这是一篇记叙文。[41题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她总是在我身边，帮我解决问题。A.workthrough解决，克服；B.believein相信；C.focuson关注;D.worryabout担忧。根据前文“Iwouldlooktomymotherforcomfortandguidance.”可知，因为作者会会向母亲寻求抚慰和指导，所以此处指母亲会帮助我解决问题。应选A。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，我妈妈都是乐观的。A.simple简单的；B.similar相似的；C.positive乐观的，积极的；D.new新的。根据后文“Shehadsuchstrongfaithandwasavery5andpositiveperson.”可知，作者的妈妈是一个乐观的人。应选C。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，我并不知道她所经历的困难和损失。A.shame羞愧；B.losses损失；C.arguments争论；Dpetition竞争。根据空前“thedifficulties”可知，空处需用名词losses与之并列，表示母亲经历的困难和损失。应选B。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲成长于大萧条时期，她失去了两个妹妹，不得不赡养截瘫的妹妹。A.remind提醒;B.trust相信;C.respect尊重;D.support支持，赡养。根据后文“herparaplegic（下身瘫痪的）youngestsister.”可知，此处指母亲不得不赡养下身瘫痪的妹妹。应选Do【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有着坚定的信念，是一个非常乐于助人和积极的人。A.different不同的；B.interesting有趣的；C.giving乐于助人的；D.normal正常的。比照空后“andpositiveperson丁和句意可知，作者母亲是一个乐于助人而且积极向上的人。应选C。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的房子就像家人和朋友的中心;离开时，没有人会感到饥饿，或者感觉比刚来的时候好一点。A.safer更平安的；B.busier更忙碌的；C.smarter更聪明的；D.better更好的。根据前文“Ourhousewaslikeacentralhub（核心）forfamilyandfriends;^^可知，因为房子就像家人和朋友的中心，所以离开时感觉比刚来时好一些。应选D。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一开始，我觉得这很烦人。A.annoying烦人的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.surprising令人惊讶的;D.appealing吸引人的。根据后文“Howwoulditgetbetter?”可知，作者对母亲说的这句话“thistooshallpass.”感到厌烦。应选A。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我正在处理的事情似乎是有史以来最困难的事情！A.enjoyable令人愉快的；B.difficult困难的；C.boring无聊的；D.valuable珍贵的。根据后文“Howwoulditgetbetter?”可知，作者询问如何变得更好，由此可知，作者遇到了困难的事情。应选B。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我成熟后，我意识到她是对的。'realized意识到；B.imagined想象；C.doubted怀疑；D.expected期待。根据前文“AsImatured”可知，作者成熟后，意识到母亲做的事情是对的。应选A。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在继续，我们都有前进或后退的选择。A.right权力；B.choice选择；C.responsibility责任；D.way方法。根据后文“Shealwayschosetomoveforward.”可知，此处指在生活中的选择。应选B。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这也会过去”并不意味着问题会神奇地消失。A.change改变;B.develop开展；C.disappear消失；D.continue继续。结合妈妈说的这句话“Thistooshallpass”可知，此处指问题不会神奇地消失。应选C。【52题详解】Theradiobatteries（电乎也）havebeenreplaced.Theyshouldgetanewradio.Theydon'treallyneedtolistentotheradio.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Wereallyneedtoreplacethebatteriesinthatradio.W:Whynotthewholeradio?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?Shecan'taffordanydictionary.Shehasabetterdictionary.Shewillplanforagooddictionary.【答案】c【解析】【原文】W:IthinkIshouldbuyabetterdictionary.ButIspenttoomuchmoneyonmynewdress.M:Youshouldplanfirst.Gooddictionariesdocostalotofmoneynowadays.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatkindofcolorTVsetwasthemangoingtobuy?A.Asmallone.B.Abigone.C.Acheapone.WhatkindofcolorTVsetdoesthewomansuggestthemanshouldbuy?A.Asmallone.B.Abigone.C.Acheapone.Whydoesthewomangivethemansuchasuggestion?Itwouldbeawasteofmoney.Hemighthavetochangeitinafewyears1time.Hissittingroomisnotverybig.【答案】6.B7.A8.C【解析】【原文】M:We'vejustmovedintoahouse.W:Really?Congratulations!M:Thankyou,andwewanttobuyanewtelevisionset.考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，它可以导致一个非常反思的思维过程，帮助你找到内在的力量来应对手头的挑战。A.forces强迫；B.helps帮助；Cwarms使变暖；D.persuades说服。根据前文“itcanleadtoaveryreflectivethoughtprocess”可知，此处指形成一个思维过程帮助你。应选B。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.answer回答；B.accept接受；C.understand明白；D.address处理，应对。根据后文“thechallengeathand”可知，此处指应对挑战。应选D。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望我母亲的建议能帮助你选择前进，找到解决方法，充分利用生活所能提供的一切。A.agree同意；B.wonder想知道；C.hope希望；D.remember记得。根据前文“Soasyoufacedifficultiesandchallenges.”可知，作者表示当面对困难和挑战时，希望母亲的建议会有帮助。应选C。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.solutions解决方案；B.challenges挑战;C.results结果；D.purposes目的。结合前一句可知，此处指找到应对困难和挑战的解决方案。应选A。第二节(共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OneaspectoftheCOVID-19pandemicthat56(keep)usguessingsincetheearlydaysiswhysomepeoplewhogetthevirusdon'tsuffermuchandothersbecome(desperate)ill.Allthemore,whiletheelderly,some-evencentenarians-survive,whereascountlessyoungerpeople,58immunesystemsaresupposedtobestronger,havebeenseriouslyaffected.Sowhatfactorsgivesomepeopleastrongerimmunesystem59others,regardlessofage?Ourimmunesystemsslowlydecline60weage.Thinkofaphotoofyourselffromtenyearsagoversusone61(take)thisafternoon."Youseechangesinyourface,skin,andhaircolor,“saysInsooKang,MD,directorofallergyandimmunologyattheYaleSchoolofMedicine.uIttakestime.Itisthesameprocesswithyourimmunesystem.^^Thedifferenceintherateofdeclinebetweenindividualsisoneofscience'sbig(mystery).Theimmunesystemiscomplexbutmostofusunderstandthebasics.(fortune),wewon'talwaysbeinapandemic.Butwecanusethisonetogainan(understand)ofhowtheimmunesystemchangeswithageandhowwemightslowthedeclineand65(strong)ourimmunesysteminthefuture.【答案】56.haskeptdesperatelywhose59.than60.as61.takenmysteriesFortunatelyunderstandingstrengthen【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员对于人体免疫力变化的研究。【56题详解】考查时态。句意：从早期开始就让我们一直猜想的新冠疫情的一方面原因是因为有些感染病毒的人没有遭受多少痛苦，而其他人却得了重病。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句的谓语动词，结合后边的时间状语sincetheearlydays可知，此处要使用现在完成时，先行词为oneaspect可数名词单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填haskept。【57题详解】考查副词。句意：从早期开始就让我们一直猜想的新冠疫情的一方面原因是因为有些感染病毒的人没有遭受多少痛苦，而其他人却得了重病。修饰形容词ill应使用副词。故填desperatelyo【58题详解】考查定语从句。句意：重要的是，老年人甚至是百岁老人幸存下来，而无数免疫系统更强大的年轻人却受到了严重影响。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非限制性定语从句，先行词youngerpeople在从句中作immunesystems的定语，使用关系代词whose。故填whose。【59题详解】考查连词。句意：那么，是什么因素使一些人的免疫系统比其他人更强大呢？根据空前的形容词比拟级stronger可知，空处应使用than,表达“比更强大”之意。故填than。【60题详解】考查连词。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的免疫系统逐渐衰退。结合句子可知，空处应使用as引导时间状语从句,表达“随着”之意。故填as。【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：想想你自己十年前的照片和今天下午拍的照片比照一下。分析句子结构可知，本句中已含有谓语Thinkof,此处使用非谓语动词，one指代photo与take之间为被动关系，要使用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。【62题详解】考查名词复数。句意：个体下降速度的差异是科学的一个大谜团之一。oneof+可数名词复数，为固定用法，意为“……之一”。故填mysteries。【63题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运地是，我们不会总是处于流行病之中。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用副词作状语修饰整个句子，句子首字母大写。故填Fortunately。【64题详解】考查名词。句意：但是我们可以利用这来了解免疫系统如何随着年龄的增长而变化，以及未来我们可能如何减缓衰退和加强我们的免疫系统。分析句子结构可知，冠词an后缺少单数名词作宾语。故填understanding。【65题详解】考查动词原形。句意：但是我们可以利用这来了解免疫系统如何随着年龄的增长而变化，以及未来我们可能如何减缓衰退和加强我们的免疫系统。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用谓语动词，且情态动词might后面应使用动词原形。故填strengthen。第三节单词拼写（根据中文提示或者所给单词的首字母使用正确形式填空）（共10小题，每题1分，总分值10分）Researchshowsthatmoreandmore（毕业生）reportfeelinganxiousabouttheirfuture.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】graduates【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：研究说明越来越多的毕业生报告说对他们的未来感到焦虑。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词graduate,由空前moreandmore可知，应用名词复数形式。故填graduatesoWeshouldactivelyaddresstheclimatechallenge,（大力，精力充分）developgreeneconomyandraisenewsourcesofeconomicgrowth•@艮据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】energetically【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：积极应对气候变化挑战，大力开展绿色经济，开发新的经济增长点。分析句子并根据汉语提示可知，空处应使用副词energetically,修饰动词develop,作状语。故填energetically。ChineseCalligraphyisoneofthemany（选修）coursesofferedtostudentswhoareinterestedintraditionalart.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】optional【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：书法是为对传统艺术感兴趣的学生提供的选修课之一。分析句子结构以及句意可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，结合所给汉语意思可知，应填。ptional。故填optionaloAllcases（涉及，关于）childrenaredealtwithinaspecialchildren'scourt.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】concerning【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有涉及儿童的案件都由一个特别儿童法庭处理。分析句子可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，由于concern与所修饰词Allcases之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词作后置定语。故填concerning。The（灵活）ofdistancelearningcouldbeparticularlysuitedtobusymanagers.据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】flexibility【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：远程学习的灵活性可能特别适合忙碌的管理者。分析句子可知,空处缺少句子的主语，“灵活性”翻译为：flexibility,为不可数名词。故填：flexibilityo71.Goingouttobreathesomefreshairisbtoyourhealth.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】beneficial##eneficial【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：出去呼吸一些新鲜空气对你的健康有益。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填beneficial”有益的”作表语，故填beneficial。Theprojectisnowfarbehindsanditishightimethatweshouldspeedupsoastofinishitontime.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】schedule##chedule【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这个工程现在远远落后于计划，是时候加快速度，以便按时完成了。根据句意和首字母提示，应填名词schedule“计划”作宾语，behindschedule"落后于预定计划；误期”，固定短语，符合句意，故填schedule。Clearandcorrectpronunciationcanhelpyouavoidhavingyourselfmwhendeliveringaspeech.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】misunderstood##isunderstood【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：清晰和正