跨文化交际中英文化对比Unit 8 Keys and transcripts

KeystoUnit8TrafficandTransportationSectionATrafficandtransportinChinaPassage1Readingcomprehension11F2F3F4F5F6T2略Verbalexpression1略2略Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration1Chinesecitiesaresaying“enoughalready”tobike-sharingservicesTranscriptForoverayear,China'scitystreetshavebeenfloodedwithbicycles.Forawhile,themassofrubberandaluminumblockedpedestrianwalkwaysandpilingupbesideofficecomplexes.Butnow,somecitiesaresaying“nomore.”OnAug.18,2017,Shanghai'smunicipaltransportationbureausentanoticetoanumberofbike-sharingcompaniesdemandingtheyrefrainfromaddingnewbikesonthestreets.Accordingtothebureau,thecityhas1.5millionsharingbikesonitsstreets—aboutoneforevery16residents.Thegovernmentalsodemandedthatthecompaniesaggressivelyrelocatebikesparkedandscatteredcarelesslyacrossthecity—theservicesletcustomersreturnbikesanywhere,ratherthanonlyindesignatedracks.OnAug.5,2017,authoritiesinNanjingdemandednonewbikeshitthestreets.Theyalsocalledforcompaniestoobtaingovernmentlicensesforeachoftheirbikes.OnAug.3,2017,authoritiesinGuangzhoualsocalledforbikecompaniestoceaseputtingnewbikesonthestreets,estimatingthatover800,000areincirculation.AndonJuly27,2017,authoritiesinZhengzhoudemandedasimilarsuspension,pinningthenumberofbikesonthestreetsat390,000.HaltingthedistributionofnewbikescomesaroundthesametimeasChina'sMinistryofTransportationpublishedthefirstcountry-wideframeworkforregulatingthechaoticindustry.Therulesstatedthatridersmustregisterforservicesusingtheirrealnames,thatnocompanycanofferridestopeopleundertheageof12,andthatcompaniesmustprovideinsuranceforriders.(252words)2Beijing—HongKonghigh-speedtrainTranscriptAnewpairofhigh-speedtrainshasbeenlaunchedbetweenBeijingandHongKongon23September2018.OperatedwithtrainnumbersG79andG80betweenBeijingWestandHongKongWestKowloononadailybasis,itiscurrentlythefastesttrainserviceandtheonlyhigh-speedtrainservicebetweenBeijingandHongKong,withanapproximatetravellingtimeof9hours.TheBeijing-HongKonghigh-speedtrainservicedatesbackto26December2012,whentheBeijing-ZhengzhousectionoftheBeijing-Guangzhou—Shenzhen—HongKonghigh-speedrailwasopened.Atitsopening,theservicewasbetweenBeijingWestandGuangzhouSouthunderthenumbersG79andG82.Lateron28December2013,thesouthernterminusoftheservicewasextendedtoShenzhenNorthandthenumberoftheShenzhen-boundservicewaschangedfromG82toG80.On5January2017,theservicewasextendedtoFutian.WiththeinaugurationoftheHongKongsectionoftheGuangzhou-Shenzhen—HongKonghigh-speedrailon23September2018,thesouthernterminusoftheservicewasextendedtoHongKongWestKowloon.ForthepassengersdepartingfromHongKong,theyareadvisedtogettoHongKongWestKowloonStation45minutesinadvanceofthedeparturetimefortheexitformalities.Theboardinggatesclose10minutesbeforedeparturefromthestation.TicketscanbeboughteitherinBeijingorinHongKongbypresentingvalidpassports,exit-entrypermits,orIDcards60daysbeforedeparture.Passengerscanalsochoosetobuyticketsonlinefrom.(256words)Passage2Readingcomprehension11T2F3T4F5F2略Verbalexpression1numberplate/licenseplate牌照，号牌headlight前灯，车头灯bonnet/hood引擎盖windscreen/windshield挡风玻璃aerial/antenna天线boot/trunk行李箱，后备箱windscreenwiper/windshieldwiper刮水器，雨刷tyre/tire轮胎mirror后视镜wheel车轮21stline:stopandgivewaygivewaystayleftaheadonlytowardstheright2ndline:noentryturnleftorturnrightgoaheadorturnrightpriorityoveroncomingvehiclesdeadendstreet3rdline:roadnarrowontherightsideroadnarrowonbothsidescrossroadsaheadandhavingpriorityunevenroadfallingrocksCriticalthinkingandculturalexploration1DevelopmentoftheelectricvehiclemarketintheUKTranscriptThelastfiveyearshaveseenaremarkablesurgeindemandforelectricvehiclesintheUK—newregistrationsofplug-incarsincreasedfrom3,500in2013tomorethan178,000bytheendofSeptember2018.Therehasalsobeenahugeincreaseinthenumberofpure-electricandplug-inhybridmodelsavailableintheUKwithmanyofthetopmanufacturersintheUKnowofferinganumberofEVsaspartoftheirmodelrange.HowmanyelectricvehicleshavebeensoldintheUK?FigurespublishedbytheSocietyofMotorManufacturersandTraderseachmonthshowthatelectriccarsalesintheUKhaverisendramaticallyoverthepastfewyears.Whileonlyaround500electriccarswereregisteredpermonthduringthefirsthalfof2014,thishadrisentoanaverageofalmost4,000permonthduring2017.Theaveragefor2018isbetterstillat5,000registrationsamonth,andarolling12-monthaverageofmorethan4,700units.Bytheendoftheyear2017,plug-incarsasaproportionoftotalUKregistrationsreached2.9%.FiguresavailableuntiltheendofSeptember2018seetheplug-incarmarketmakeup2.4%ofallnewcarssoldintheUK.HowmanyEVchargingpointsarethereintheUK?TherearethreemainEVchargertypes:“slow”chargingunitswhicharebestsuitedfor6-8hoursovernight,“fast”chargerswhichcanfullyrechargesomemodelsin3-4hours,and“rapid”chargingunitswhichareabletoprovidean80%chargeinaround30minutes.Asaresultofsustainedgovernmentandprivateinvestment,theUKnetworkofEVchargingpointshasincreasedfromafewhundredin2011tomorethan5,800charginglocations,9,800chargingdevicesand16,700connectorsbyJune2018.Theproportionofchargertypeshasalsochangeddramaticallyduringthattimewithanincreaseinhighpower,or“rapid”chargingunitsbeinginstalledacrosstheUK.(330words)2Theriseofcar-sharinginChinaTranscriptCar-sharing,oneofthefastestgrowingurbanmobilityinnovationsworldwide,didnotexistinChina10yearsago,butisgraduallybecomingmorecommoninChinesecities.Accordingtoarecentmarketresearchreport,car-sharinginChinaisexpectedtogrowbyabout80%annuallyforthenextfiveyears,withtotalvehiclesreaching16,000by2018.Thoughthisnumberissmallcomparedtothemorethan120millioncarsownedinthecountry,itcreatesanimportantfoundationforChina'scar-sharingindustry.Car-sharingisstillemerginginChina.In2012therewereonlytwocar-sharingoperators.Andin2017,China'scar-sharingnetworkhasgrowntoatotalofover300,000vehicleswithmorethan30activeoperators.Thecompositionofcar-sharingoperatorsinChinahasevolvedfromdomesticstart-upsthatoperateindependentlytoamixofmunicipalgovernmentsandforeignanddomesticvehiclemanufactures.Amongthesecar-sharingoperators,nearly90%ofthemprovideonlynewenergyvehicles.Peer-to-peer,orP2P,car-sharinghasexistedinChinaforseveralyears.P2Pcompaniesprovideaplatformformemberstorentvehiclesownedbyothermembersinthenetwork.Car-sharingexpertsregardP2Pcar-sharingasthenextrevolutioninthecarrentalindustry,asitcancheaplymobilizeunusedresourcestoprovidevehicleaccessacrossawidearea.TherevenueandmembersofP2PcompaniesinChinahasgrowndramaticallyduringthepastfewyears.Still,thesecompaniesfacequestionsregardingtheliabilityofvehicleownersandthelegitimacyofrentingpersonalvehiclesforcommercialuse.(253words)SectionBTrafficandtransportinEnglish-speakingcountriesPassage3Readingcomprehension11F2F3F4T5T6T2略Verbalexpression1略2TakingabusAtthebusstopSam:Excuseme,Ineedsomeinformation.Max:Sure.Whatisit?Sam:CouldyoutellmewhenthenextbustoParkingtonLanewillbehere?Max:It'llbehereintenminutes.Youseemtobeinahurry.Sam:Yeah,Ihaveaninterview.Areyousureitwillbeontime?Max:Yes.Itnevergetslate.Sam:I'mcountingonit.Max:Goodluckontheinterview.Sam:Thanks.PayingforaticketJames:Goodmorning!Whichstop?Sam:ParkingtonLane.James:Thatwouldbe50cents.Sam:Sure.Wouldyouhavechangefor10dollars?James:Areyousureyoudon'thaveanythinglessthanthat?Sam:Hmm.Letmecheck.Oh,hereyougo.Ihaveabuck.James:That'smuchbetter,thankyou.Sam:You'rewelcome.AskingtheBusDrivertoHelpYouOutSam:Excuseme.Couldyougivemesomeinformation,please?James:Yes,sure.Whatdoyouneedtoknow?Sam:Well,I'veneverbeentoParkingtonLanebefore.Canyoutellmewhenwegetthere?James:Okay.Noproblem.Sam:Howfarisit?James:Fourstopsfromhere.Sam:Howlongwillittake?James:Abouttwentyminutes.Sam:Okay,thanks.Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration1PublictransportetiquetteTranscriptHaveyoueverbeenonabusortrainandhadtolistentosomeonechattingloudlyonhiscellphone?Haveyoueverbeenpushedtothesideortrampledonbyrudepassengers?Makeitapointtonotbethatperson.Mostpeoplewillhavetousepublictransportationatsomepoint,sotakethetimetolearnproperetiquette.BasicrulesFollowbasictrafficrulessuchasstayingtotheright.Thisincludeshallways,stairwells,andotherareaswherethereisaconstantflowoffoottraffic.Ifyoumustpasssomeone,trytodoitontheleft.Beconsiderateofanyonewhoisdisabledorhasaserviceanimal.TransportationfareHaveyourfarereadybeforeyouboardpublictransportation.Noonewantstowaitforyoutodigthroughyourpocketsorhandbagforthecorrectchange.Ifyoucan'tfinditquickly,letothersboardfirst.Nexttimeyou'llbemoreprepared.GetoutofthewayWhenyouboardabusortrainduringrushhour,getoutofthewaysootherscanboardbehindyou.Ifyouaretravelingduring“off”hours,giveotherpassengersasmuchpersonalspaceaspossible.Gettingoffmaybedifficultifyouhavebeenpushedtothebackorcenterofthetrainorbus.Onceyougetclosetoyourdestinationonatrain,startmovingtowardtheexitsoitwon'tbesodifficult.Ifyouareclosetothedoor,andsomeoneelseistryingtodisembark,movetothesideandlethimorherby.Youmightevenhavetotemporarilystepoffthebusortrain.BealadyorgentlemanAlwaysshowgoodmannerswhileridingpublictransportation.Showingladylikeorgentlemanlybehaviorshouldn'tbereservedforofficeandhome.Whenyouseesomeonestrugglingwithmobility,standupandletthepersonhaveyourseat,andofferassistanceifnecessary.WatchyourbelongingsNotonlydoyouneedtoprotectyourbelongings,youneedtoprotectothersfromyourbags,backpacks,andtotes.Removeyourbackpackfromyourbacksothatwhenyouturnaround,youdon'tknocksomeoneover.Youshouldneverplaceabagontheseatnexttoyouwhenyouareonacrowdedbusortrain.Putitonthefloor,orplaceitonyourlapsootherscansit.Ifyouhaveastrollerorotherrollingdevice,folditbeforeyouboard.HolddownthenoiseDon'tinflictyournoiseonothers.Thisincludesloudtalking,electronics,andsinging.Holdoffonlongcellphoneconversationsuntilyoureachyourstop.Ifyoumustlistentomusic,wearearphonesandkeepthevolumelowenoughsothatonlyyoucanhearit.EnvironmentDoyourbesttomakesureothersdon'thavetodealwithsmellscomingfromyou.Mostpublictransportationhasapolicyofnosmoking.Adheretothat.Don'tdouseyourselfinheavyperfumebeforegettingonacrowdedtrain.Don'tbringfoodanddrinkonpublictransportation.Neverdropyourtrashonthefloororseatofatrainorbus.(526words)2PublictransportinAustraliaTranscriptCommuterrailSydney,Melbourne,Brisbane,PerthandAdelaidehaveextensivecommuterrailnetworkswhichhavegrownandexpandedovertime.Australiancommuterrailtypicallyoperateswithbidirectionalall-dayserviceswithSydneyandMelbourne'ssystemsoperatingwithmuchhigherfrequencies.SydneyTrainsoperatesthebusiestsysteminthecountrywithapproximatelyonemilliontripsperday.MetroTrainsMelbourneoperatesalargersystemthoughwithalowernumberoftrips.TramsandlightrailTramshavehistoricallyoperatedinmanyAustraliantownsandcities,withthemajorityofthesebeingshutdownbeforethe1970sinthebeliefthatmorewidespreadcarownershipwouldrenderthemunnecessary.Melbourneisamajorexceptionandtodayhasthelargesttramnetworkofanycityintheworld.AdelaidehasalsoretainedonetramservicethroughtheCBD.Tramshadoperatedinanumberofmajorregionalcities.AmodernlightrailsystemopenedinSydneyin1997withtheconversionofadisusedsectionofafreightrailwaylineintowhatisnowpartoftheDulwichHillLine.AsecondCBDandSouthEastLightRaillineinSydneyiscurrentlyunderconstructionandisduetoopenin2019.RapidtransitMajorcitiesinAustraliadonothavefull-fledgedrapidtransitsystems,however,adriverlessrapidtransitlineservingSydney'snorth-westiscurrentlyunderconstruction.EarlyworkshavealsobegunforanextensionthroughtheSydneyCBDandthesouth-west.Sydney,Melbourne,BrisbaneandPerth'scommutersystemsareallpartiallyundergroundandreflectsomeaspectsoftypicalrapidtransitsystems,particularlyinthecitycenters.(263words)Passage4Readingcomprehension1T2F3F4F5T6F7F8T2略Verbalexpression1略AskingforandgivingdirectionsWilliam:Excuseme,sorrytotroubleyou,butcouldyoutellmehowIcangettothetrainstation?Kate:Yesnoproblem.Keepwalkingstraightaheadthenafteryoupassthelibraryyouhavetoturnleft.Thentakeyourfirstrightandit'sacrossfromthebusstation.Youcannotmissit!William:Thankyousomuch!IhaveonlybeeninManchesterfortwodays,soIdon'tknowhowtogetanywhereyet.Kate:Oh,Iknowthatfeeling.MyhusbandandImovedheresixmonthsago,andIstilldon'tknowhowtofindcertainplaces.Manchesterissobig.William:Sojusttodoublecheck.KeepwalkingstraightaheadtillIpassthelibrary,thenIhavetoturnleftandtakethefirstright.Thenit'sacrossthebusstation.Isthatcorrect?Kate:Yes,thatiscorrect.William:Wellthanksforhelpingme.Imustgoandcatchmytrain.Kate:OK,bye.Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration1HowtobeagoodpedestrianTranscriptAnyonecanbeapedestrian,butbeingagoodpedestrianisanacquiredskill.Herearesometips:1.Usesidewalksandcrosswalks,pedestrianbridgesortunnelswheneverpossible.Donotcrossthestreetmid-block.Itcanbeverydangerous.Motoristsdon'tanticipatepedestrianscrossinginthemiddleoftheroadandmaynothaveenoughtimetoreact.2・Theoldrulesalwayswork:Stop,lookandlisten.Donotenteracrosswalkwhilelookingdownatyourphoneorlisteningtoloudmusicwithheadphones.3・Predictablebehaviorissafebehavior.Obeyofficialtrafficcontroldevicessuchasroadsigns,trafficlightsandstreetmarkings.Waitfortherightofway,andeventhen,proceedcautiously.Assumeyourlineofsightisbetterthandrivers'.Vehicleheadlightsilluminateonly25feetahead.Pedestriansoftencanseetheglowofheadlightsfrommuchfartheraway,butmotoristsdon'thavethesamerangeofvision.Walkontheright-handsideofthecrosswalkwheneverpractical.Walkontheleft-handsideofthestreetfacingtrafficifnosidewalkisavailable.7・Ifyouexerciseoutside,wearlight-colouredclothingandinvestinworkoutgearwithreflectivestrips.Beextracautiouswhenexercisingwithheadphones.(206words)2DrivinginAustraliaTranscriptDrivinginAustraliaisanexperiencetobesavored.Itisawaytoexperiencethewide-openspacesandmagnificentnaturalscenery,andtherearesomanydestinationsthatcanonlybereachedbycar.Drivingisregulatedbystategovernmentauthorities,butthereisaconsistentsetofroadrulesacrossAustralia.BeforesettingoffyoushouldmakesureyouareawareofthelegalissuesofdrivinginAustralia.LicencesDriversinAustraliarequireavaliddrivinglicence.ForeignlicencesinEnglishareconsideredvalidfordrivinginAustraliaforvisitorsforthreemonths.IfyourlicenceisnotinEnglish,anInternationalDrivingPermitwhichisissuedinyourhomecountrybeforearrivalinAustraliaisrequired.Australianlicencesareissuedbytherespectivestateandterritorygovernments.Vi