词的意义和成分分析课件

Chapter5WordmeaningandComponentialanalysisChapter51>Objectives:Discussmeaningsof'meaningExplaintypesofmeaningTeachingfocus:°Meaningsofmeaning;Motivationofmeaning:°TypesofmeaningComponentsofwordmeaning.>Objectives:25.1Wordmeaning1.WhatiswordmeaningWordmeaningcanbedefinedasareciprocalrelationbetweennameandmeaning意义是名称与意思的联系。Meaningiswhattheformstandsfor.Eg:desk:somethingyousitatandyoudoyourWO5.1Wordmeaning32.Whatisreference所指关系Itistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld所指是语言与客观外界之间的相互关系。Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichtalkedabout通过这种相互关系,说话人指称外界的事物或人Itistherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethingsactions,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.Forxample,thewordtreereferstotheobjecttree2.Whatisreference所指关系4Inotherwords,onlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandareferent,i.e.,anobject,aphenomenon,aperson,etc.doesthesignbecomemeaningful.t言之,只有当语言符号与所指物物体、现象、人等之间建立某种联系,这个符号才获得意义。Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnectionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.词与外界事物的这种指称关系是任意的,又是约定俗成的。是高度概括的,是从同类事物中抽象出来的。Inotherwords,onlywhenaco53.Whatisconceptthegeneralideaormeaningwhichisassociatewithawordorsymbolinaperson指词或符号在人脑中的大致印象或意义。3.Whatisconcept6What'stherelationshipbetweenmeaningandconceptTheyarecloselyconnectedbutnotidenticalaTheyarebothrelateddirectlytoreferentsandarenotionsofthewordsbutbelongtodifferentcategoriesConcept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonButmeaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.Eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwordsWhat'stherelationship74.Whatissense语义Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage词语的意义是它在语义关系系统中同其它词语相对的位置。4.Whatissense语义8What'sthedifferencebetweenreferenceandsenseSensedenotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.fi语言内部的关系Referencedenotestherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethings,actions,events,andqualitiestheystandforEverywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhasreference.每个词都有语义,但不一定都有所指。Eg:but,almost.Thesegrammaticalwordsdonotrefertoanything.AndwordslikeGod,dragonandphenxrefertoimaginarythingsWhat'sthedifference9客观事物(人脑以外的所有事物)反映在人脑中感觉(sensation),知觉(perception),表象(representation);人脑把它们加以概括和抽象形成概念(concept)。人们用语言把概念固定来,成为人们交流思想的符号(sgn),这就是有定意义的词。每个词都有一定的形式和意义,缺一不可。词义角M,R,F,形式和所指没有必然联系;词义与所指对象连接在一起,但不是每个词都有■词义和形式是约定俗成的,但不绝对客观事物(人脑以外的所有事物)反映在人脑中10词的意义和成分分析课件11词的意义和成分分析课件12词的意义和成分分析课件13词的意义和成分分析课件14词的意义和成分分析课件15词的意义和成分分析课件16词的意义和成分分析课件17词的意义和成分分析课件18词的意义和成分分析课件19词的意义和成分分析课件20词的意义和成分分析课件21词的意义和成分分析课件22词的意义和成分分析课件23词的意义和成分分析课件24词的意义和成分分析课件25词的意义和成分分析课件26词的意义和成分分析课件27词的意义和成分分析课件28词的意义和成分分析课件29词的意义和成分分析课件30词的意义和成分分析课件31词的意义和成分分析课件32词的意义和成分分析课件33词的意义和成分分析课件34词的意义和成分分析课件35词的意义和成分分析课件36词的意义和成分分析课件37词的意义和成分分析课件38词的意义和成分分析课件39词的意义和成分分析课件40词的意义和成分分析课件41词的意义和成分分析课件42Chapter5WordmeaningandComponentialanalysisChapter543>Objectives:Discussmeaningsof'meaningExplaintypesofmeaningTeachingfocus:°Meaningsofmeaning;Motivationofmeaning:°TypesofmeaningComponentsofwordmeaning.>Objectives:445.1Wordmeaning1.WhatiswordmeaningWordmeaningcanbedefinedasareciprocalrelationbetweennameandmeaning意义是名称与意思的联系。Meaningiswhattheformstandsfor.Eg:desk:somethingyousitatandyoudoyourWO5.1Wordmeaning452.Whatisreference所指关系Itistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld所指是语言与客观外界之间的相互关系。Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichtalkedabout通过这种相互关系,说话人指称外界的事物或人Itistherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethingsactions,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.Forxample,thewordtreereferstotheobjecttree2.Whatisreference所指关系46Inotherwords,onlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandareferent,i.e.,anobject,aphenomenon,aperson,etc.doesthesignbecomemeaningful.t言之,只有当语言符号与所指物物体、现象、人等之间建立某种联系,这个符号才获得意义。Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnectionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.词与外界事物的这种指称关系是任意的,又是约定俗成的。是高度概括的,是从同类事物中抽象出来的。Inotherwords,onlywhenaco473.Whatisconceptthegeneralideaormeaningwhichisassociatewithawordorsymbolinaperson指词或符号在人脑中的大致印象或意义。3.Whatisconcept48What'stherelationshipbetweenmeaningandconceptTheyarecloselyconnectedbutnotidenticalaTheyarebothrelateddirectlytoreferentsandarenotionsofthewordsbutbelongtodifferentcategoriesConcept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonButmeaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.Eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwordsWhat'stherelationship494.Whatissense语义Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage词语的意义是它在语义关系系统中同其它词语相对的位置。4.Whatissense语义50What'sthedifferencebetweenreferenceandsenseSensedenotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.fi语言内部的关系Referencedenotestherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethings,actions,events,andqualitiestheystandforEverywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhasreference.每个词都有语义,但不一定都有所指。Eg:but,almost.Thesegrammaticalwordsdonotrefertoanything.AndwordslikeGod,dragonandphenxrefertoimaginarythingsWhat'sthedifference51客观事物(人脑以外的所有事物)反映在人脑中感觉(se