初中英语形容词和副词的用法和练习题

形容词一.定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词形容词的作用，见下表：作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如：Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white（表示人种等）。例如：Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：Theyarethestudentseasytoteach.他们是很容易较的学生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？三•以-ly结尾的形容词大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely,lively,ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。Hersingingwaslovely.Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily,weekly，monthly,yearly，early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。副词.定义:副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构.副词的位置:1)在实义动词之前。在be动词、助动词之后。多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语说得好。副词的排列顺序：时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）IverylikeEnglish.对）IlikeEnglishverymuch.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：Idon\'tknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。兼有两种形式的副词close与closelyclose意思是\"近\"；closely意思是\"仔细地\"。例如：Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我边上。Watchhimclosely.盯着他。late与latelylate意思是\"晚\"；lately意思是\"最近\"。例如：Youhavecometoolate.你来得太晚了。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?近来好吗？deep与deeplydeep意思是\"深\"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\"深深地\"。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.老爸也被电影深深打动了。high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.这架飞机飞得很高。Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.你的看法很有道理。wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是\"广泛地\",\"在许多地方\"。例如：Heopenedthedoorwide.他把门开得大大的。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。free与freelyfree的意思是\"免费\"；freely的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如：Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。五．各种类型副词的位置英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：Herunsslowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：Theywenttotheparkyesterdaymorning.昨天上午他们去公园了。IheardhimsingEnglishsongsoverthere.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。注意：有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：YesterdayIgotuplate.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：Heisseldomill.他很少生病。Youmustalwaysrememberthis.你一定要记住这一点。Ioftenwritetomyparents.我经常写信给父母。注意：有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimesshegoestoschoolbybusandsometimesshegoestoschoolbybike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：Inearlymissedthebus.我几乎错过了公交车。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：Sheseldomgoesoutatnight.她晚上很少出门。Iamneverlateforschool.我上学从不迟到。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：Whencanyoucome?你什么时候来？还有what，how，why，howmany等词同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late,wide,well,fast,easy,early等Theroadissowidethat8busescangothrowitatatime.Openyourmouthwide.形容词和副词的辨析形容词变副词的规律一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terriblyf.形容词、副词同形：hard,fast,friendly,late,early,lovely,long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词(few，little,never,seldom,hardly)之一。形容词副词比较级的写法：单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller,short-shorter②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter,big-bigger,thin-thinner,fat-fatter③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再力口er：ugly-uglier,busy-busier,easy-easier,early-earlier,heavy-heavier,healthy-healthier,happy-happier1.④在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面力口more：careful-morecareful,beautiful-more2．最高级的写法：单音节单词后+est。例如：tall-tallest,short-shortest重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est：hot-hottest,big-biggest,thin-thinnest,fat-fattest双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再力口est：ugly-ugliest,busy-busiest,easy-easiestearly-earliest,heavy-heaviest,healthy-healthiest,happy-happiest在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面力most：careful-mostcareful,beautiful-mostbeautiful等。beautiful等。形容词和副词的比较级比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I'mtallerthanyou.GroupOnedidbetterthanGroupTwo.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。than：—般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：TomrunsfasterthanMike其中Tom和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：I'mtallerthananyotherstudentsinmyclass.这句话中用than连接的是I和anyotherstudentsinmyclass两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中anyother是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。alittle,much,alot,even,still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisawassickyesterday,whiletodaysheismuchbetter.as+形容词或副词原形+as:译为像一样。例如：MaryisascleverasSusan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：DaysgetlongerandlongerinSpring.白天在春天越来越长了形容词和副词的最高级1.最高级的范围:最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个"最......"。例如：Myruleristhelongestofall.我的尺是最长的。最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。①the：一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。例如：Heisourbestteacher他是我们最好的老师。②最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。of短语指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：Heisthestrongestofthethree他是三个人中身体最强壮的。Heisthestrongestinourclass他是我们班里身体最强壮的。形容词副词练习一．基础练习IfIhad,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenoughTheseorangestaste.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewellHowbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard.A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoiceIwouldbe,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpfulThoseT-shirtsareusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)priceof$19intheshoppingcenter.A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinaryMrSmithboughtapurseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather——Howwasyourjobinterview?Oh,Icouldn'tfeel.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happierLongjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink?A.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly——CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?IregrettotellyouherEnglishisyours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchasAlthoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehimforit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.nolessWhentheycamein,MrHarrislikeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleepThisyeartheyhaveproducedgraintheydidlastyear.A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；than——CanIhelpyou?Well,I'mafraidtheboxisheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too——Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?——Ithoroughlyenjoyit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinterestingC.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinterestingWouldyoulikesomewine?Yes,just.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebitIttakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it'sbyroad.A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quickerIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertimeI'msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simpleThesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechoseoneasshedidn'twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensiveboxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya二．提高练习Toplantthetree,wemustdig.A.athreefeetdeepholeB.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeepD.athree-feet-deepholeIthinkheisoneofthebestmenyou'vefound.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.oncetheboy'sgrown!Heisalmost___hisfather.A.What,astallasB.What,tallerthanC.How,astallasD.How,tallerthanIhaven'tgotnailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbigB.bigenoughC.muchbiggerD.manyenoughHenryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellasB.nolessthanC.andstillmoreD.andstillless—Thedishisdelicious!Well,atleastit's___theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellasD.nobetterthan—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?Yes.Youcouldn'thopeforatthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.anicerdayD.thenicestdayItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.bestB.goodC.wellD.worseWiththehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproduced___VCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethanC.astwicemanyD.twiceasmanyIhadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame.A.morethanB.asmanyC.asmuchD.lessthan—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemalastnight?Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farlessB.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurtherThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.A.largerthanB.morethanC.asgreatlyasD.asmuchas—Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.Yes,itco