托福作文写作范文详解view

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingRobertE.Pearywasawell-knownadventurerandarcticexplorerwhoin1909setouttoreachtheNorthPole.Whenhereturnedfromtheexpedition,heclaimedtohavereachedthepoleonApril7,1909.Thisreportmadehimintoaninternationalcelebrity.ThoughsomehistorianshaveexpresseddoubtsthatPearydidinfactreachtheNorthPole,threeargumentsprovidestrongsupportforthetruthofPeary7sclaim.First,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPeary7srecordsandequipment.Attheendoftheinvestigation,thecommitteeconcludedthatPeary'saccountswereconsistentandpersuasiveanddeclaredthathehadindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Second,arecentexpeditionprovidessupportforPeary'sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37daysaftersettingoutfromEllesmereIslandoffthecoastofGreenland.SkepticsusedtoarguethatPearycouldnothavetraveledthatfast.Sinceevenmodernsnowmobilestakelongertocoverthesamedistance.However,aBritishexplorernamedTomAveryrecentlymadethesametrekinlessthan37days.Infact,AveryusedthesamekindofdogsledandthesamenumberandbreedofdogsasPearyhad.Thus,Peary'sclaimsarenotimpossible,andheverywellmighthavebeentellingthetruth.Third,therearephotographstakenbyPearythatsupporthisclaimtohavereachedtheNorthPole.MeasuringtheshadowsinPeary1sphotographsmakesitpossibletocalculatetheSun'spositioninthesky.TheSun'spositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.ThisprovidesstrongevidencethatPearyreachedtheNorthPoleandtookthephotographsthere.ListeningThere'snosolidevidencethatRobertPearyreachedtheNorthPole.Theargumentscitedinthereadingselectionarenotconvincing.First,itistruethattheNationalGeographicSocietycommitteedeclaredthatPearyhadindeedreachedtheNorthPole,butthecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjective.Infact,thecommitteewascomposedofPeary'strip.Moreover,theinvestigationlastedonlytwodays.AndaccordingtoPearyhimself,thecommitteedidnotexaminehisrecordscarefully.Sothecommittee'sconclusionseembiasedandthereforearenottrustworthy.Second,thespeedissue.TomAvery7sjourneywasdifferentfromPeary'sinimportantways.Forexample,Avery'ssledwassimilartoPeary'ssled,butAverycarriedmuchlessweightthanPearydid,becauseAverydidnottransporthisfoodonthesled.Avery7sfoodwasdroppedalongthewaybyairplane.Moreover,Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.SoAvery7sspeedytripwastoodifferentfromPeary7stoprovidesupportforPeary7sclaims.Third,thephotographsdonotproveanything.ThetechniquesscientistsusetodeterminetheSun7spositiondependonmeasuringtheshadowsinthephotographsveryprecisely.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSun'sexactposition.Now,Peary'spictureswerephotographedahundredyearsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzy,slightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefadedandwornovertime.Asaresult,theshadowsinPeary'sphotographslookblerredandfaded.ThoseshadowscannotbeusedtocalculatethepositionoftheSunwithgreataccuracy.SowecannotbeconfidentthephotoswerereallytakenattheNorthPole.一.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageFirst,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPeary'srecordsandequipment.Second,arecentexpeditionperformedbyAveryunderthesimilarconditionsprovidessupportforPeary7sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37daysTheSunzspositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.LectureThecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjectiveduetothefactthatitwascomposedofPeary'sclosefriendwhofundedthetripanditwasnotcarefulduringtheinvestigation.Avery7sfoodwasdroppedalongthewaybyairplanebutnottransportedonthesled.Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.Peary7spictureswerephotographedahundredyearsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzy,slightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefadedandwornovertime.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSun'sexactposition.二、范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Inthereadingmaterial,theauthorraisesthreestrongargumentstosupporthisclaimthatPearyindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Thelecturer,however,disputesthatthosereasonsarenotconvincingatall.此段功能首段提出问题，指出双方的矛盾点，为下面的论述做好了铺垫。此段结构

此段是并列结构，分别概括介绍了双方的观点。Paragraph2Firstly,itissaysthattheNationalGeographicSocietyCommitteeconductedathoroughinvestigationwhichprovedthetruthofPeary7sclaim.However,thespeakercastsdoubtontheobjectivityoftheclaim.HearguesthatthecommitteewascomposedofPeary'sfriendsandactuallyPearywasoneofthedonators.Moreovertheinvestigationlastedforashortperiodandthuswasnotvalidatall.此段功能提出了文章与演讲中的第一个矛盾点。文章指出国际地理协会经过调查证实了Peary到达北极的论断。而演讲指出，这一协会的权威性应受到质疑，因为它主要由Peary的朋友组成并且Peary本人就是赞助者之-O同时这一调查持续的时间很短，真实性存在疑问。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲反驳。此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲反驳。Paragraph3Second,thewriterpointsoutthatAveryreachedtheNorthPoleundersimilarconditionsasPearybutinashortertimeperiodthanPearydid,whichindicatesthepossibilityofPeary7ssuccess.Thelecturer,yet,arguesthatAverytookadvantageofthegoodweatherconditionandsupplyoffood.ThusAvery'sspeedytripcouldnotprovidestrongsupportforPeary7sclaims.此段功能提出文章与演讲中的第二个矛盾点。文章指出相似条件下Avery到达北极点的时间比Peary更短，所以Peary有可能成功。然而演讲中指出Avery能够取得成功得益于好的天气和充足的食物，所以Avery的例子不能作为Peary可能成功的证据。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲一一反驳。Paragraph4Lastbutnotleast,inviewoftheauthor,photographstakenbyPearyshouldb